This document defines and compares codes, standards, and specifications as they relate to engineering. Standards establish technical requirements and quality guidelines to provide consistency, while codes refer to standards that have been adopted into law. Specifications provide additional requirements for specific products or applications. The document then provides examples of material and dimensional standards for process piping components, outlining what each covers such as material properties, testing requirements, dimensions, and tolerances to ensure reliability and safety. Overall, codes, standards and specifications are necessary to establish consistent engineering practices and requirements.

1. Code,
Standard &
Specification

2. What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
•Standard
−A standard can be defined as a set of
technical definitions and guidelines-“how
to" instructions for designers and
manufacturers.
−They serve as a common language,
defining quality and establishing safety
criteria.
−Examples- ASTM standard, ISO standard.

3. What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
•Why Standard is required ?
−Standards are documents that establish
engineering or technical requirements
for products, practices, methods or
operations.
−Build confidence about quality in users
−Lower the cost of production as
requirements are standardize

4. What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
•Code: A code is a standard that has
been adopted by one or more
governmental bodies and has the
force of law, or when it has been
incorporated into a business
contract

5. What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
• Only if Regulatory body in your Country
has adopted said Code as law
• If not, Code will server as generally
accepted guidelines for design,
construction and installation
• Examples- ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code , AWS D1.1 etc.

6. What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
•Why Code is required ?
−Providing a set of rules that specify
the minimum acceptable level of
safety for manufactured, fabricated
or constructed objects.
−Also refer out to standards or
specifications for specific details on
additional requirements not
specified in the Code itself.

7. What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
•Specification
−a specific description of the
design and materials used to
make something.
−They are set of instructions
and/or requirements over and
above requirements given in Code
& Standard.

8. What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
•Specification
−Must meet requirements
−Examples- Company Provided
specification, Product
specification

9. What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
•Why Specification is required ?
−Specifications provide specific /
additional requirements for materials,
components or services above and
beyond code or standard requirements
−Often generated by private companies
to address additional requirements
applicable to a specific product or
application

10. Piping Code & Standard
• Provide a set of requirements for a safe,
reliable and economical installation and
operation throughout the life of process
plant
• Provide consistent dimensions and ratings
so that components will fit together
• Improve system reliability
• Cost saving

11. ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code
•Code Cover.. (Scope of ASME
B31.3 Code)
−Requirements for materials
−Components,
−Design,
−Fabrication, assembly, erection,
−Examination, inspection, and
testing of piping.

12. Material standard
•Material Standard cover..
−Manufacturing process
•Open hearth (OH), electro furnace (EF), basic oxygen
(BO)
•Hot/ cold drawing, forging, extruding , bending ,
piercing, rolling etc..
−Chemical and Mechanical Property of raw
material and finished product
•Carbon, Manganese, sulfur, silicon, Cr, Mo, Ni etc..
•yield, tensile strength, elongation, hardness etc..

13. Material standard
•Material Standard cover..
−Heat treatment requirements
•Normalizing, stress reliving, annealing, solution annealing etc..
−Mechanical testing requirements
•Tensile test, bending test, Flattening Tests, impact testing
etc..
−NDT examination, inspection and testing requirements
•Radiography, Dye/liquid penetrant or magnetic particle,
ultrasonic, visual etc..

14. Material standard
•Material Standard cover..
−Acceptable tolerance for imperfection
−Defect repairs
•Extent of repair, method of repair and
acceptance level
−Marking and certification requirements
•manufacturer’s name or brand, the
specification and grade, Heat no. length,
dimension etc..

15. Material standard for Process Piping components
•Material Standard cover..
−Supplementary requirements
•These are the requirements mentioned in purchase order and
are over and above the standard requirements as per purchasers'
need.
−General requirements
•Product finishing, ordering information, packing etc..
•Example- ASTM Section 01, Section 02 and
Section 03

16. Dimension standard
•Dimension Standard cover..
−Different standard for different components gives
product specific requirements
• Pipe
−Pipe sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness,
schedules, permissible variance, markings and weight of
pipe
•ASME B36.10 - Welded & Seamless wrought iron pipes
•ASME B36.19 - Stainless steel pipes

17. Dimension standard
• Pipe Fittings
− sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness,
ratings, end preparation, tolerances and marking
requirements
−Butt welded fittings;
•ASME B16.9 - Factory-Made Wrought Butt welding Fittings
•ASME B16.28 - Wrought Steel Butt Welding Short Radius Elbows
and Returns
−Socket & Threaded fittings
•ASME B16.11- Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded

18. Dimension standard
• Flange: Pressure-temperature ratings, materials,
dimensions, tolerances, marking and testing. Flange
bolting dimension and gasket requirements are also
included
−NPS ½ through NPS 24
•ASME B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
−NPS 26 through NPS 60
−ASME B16.47 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges

19. Dimension standard
• Branch connection
−pressure-temperature ratings, size and types, materials,
dimensions, tolerances, marking and testing
•MSS SP-97
• Bolting
− Included in Flange dimension standard
−ASME B16.5 /B16.47

20. Dimension standard
• Gasket: Materials, dimensions, tolerances, and
markings for metal ring-joint gaskets, spiral-wound
metal gaskets, and metal jacketed gaskets and
type of filler material
−ASME B16.20 - Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges-Ring-
Joint, Spiral-Would, and Jacketed
−ASME B16.21- Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

21. What we have learned?
•Code, Standard &
Specification
•Benefits
•Material standard
•Dimension standard

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