This document discusses the structures and components of animal and plant cells, including mitochondria, nucleus, and chloroplasts. It also explains DNA extraction from cells, involving removal of proteins and RNA. The document further describes different forms of DNA (A, B, and Z-forms), transcription of DNA into mRNA, and translation of mRNA into proteins. It notes that prions are replicating proteins. The levels of protein structure - primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary - are also outlined.

2. Mitochondria Nucleus
Animal Cell

3. Mitochondria Nucleus
Plant Cell
Chloroplast

4. Mitochondria Nucleus
Animal Cell

5. Mitochondria
Nucleus
Animal Cell
DNA
DNA EXTRACTION

6. ……………….
………….
…………….
………….
Animal Cell
DNA
Removal of proteins
………….
………..
Removal of RNA
DNA

7. DNA
For structure analysis
Crystallize the DNA

8. DNA
Crystallize the DNA
Forms of DNA
1. A-form
2. B-form
3. Z-form

9. Transcription
ds DNA
mRNA
B-form DNA

10. Transcription
ds DNA
mRNA
B-form DNA
tRNA rRNA

11. tRNA
rRNA
5.8s rRNA
16s rRNA
23s rRNA

12. mRNA
Exons
Introns Introns

13. mRNA
Splisosome Splisosome

14. mRNA
Exons Exons Exons Exons Exons Exons Exons

15. mRNATranslation

16. mRNATranslation

17. mRNATranslation

18. mRNA
Translation

19. mRNA
Translation

20. Protein

21. Do protein replicate?
Yes, protein replicate. Replicating proteins are
called as PRIONS

22. Primary structure

23. Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure

24. Quaternary structure