Membranes, mbr transport, excretory system, respiratory system, and CV system
Now we’re going to see how organisms grow
And how they reproduce.
Start with one of my kids’ favorite bedtime stories…
Now we’re going to see how organisms grow
And how they reproduce.
Organisms are born, grow, then die, but cells are more circular.
Chromosomes are visible in the nucleus
Cells may appear inactive during this stage, but they are quite the opposite. This is the longest period of the complete cell cycle during which DNA replicates, the centrioles divide, and proteins are actively produced.
kinetochore Structure forming at centromere during Mitosis for binding microtubules. Nucleosomes Basic structural unit of eukaryotic chromosome forming "beads on a string."
Microtubules of the cytoskeleton from the region of the centrioles.
that have pulled them apart
We’ve studied cell cycle, taken apart mitosis, and now we’ll dissect DNA replication
Antiparallel is like a divided highway
During replication of the DNA molecule, each strand serves as a template for the assembly of a new strand. The DNA strands separate, and free, unattached nucleotides associate with their complementary bases through hydrogen bonding. DNA polymerase, the enzyme that adds nucleotides to the newly-forming strand, can add them only at the 3' end. Ultimately, two DNA duplexes are formed, each containing one old strand and one newly formed strand. This is called semiconservative replication.
DNA synthesis begins in both directions in many places along the DNA. These are called replication bubbles .
Lab 8b: 13, 7, 11, 9 16, 2, 12, 33
Draw on board
Ideas? One arm or leg longer than the other, anemia (low RBC count), wounds wouldn’t heal, cancer Growth would be uncoordinated, not controlled
Child with trisomy 13 Patau syndrome, lung cancer, acute myologenous leukemia Myelomonocytic Leukemia (Acute) Leukemias are a group of diseases characterized by an abnormal proliferation of white blood cells . Acute and chronic leukemias are differentiated by the maturity level of the cells they affect. Acute forms affect immature cells, hindering them from completing their development, and chronic forms involve atypical mature cells.
2 way system at each point; both gas and brakes. You have to have a “go” signal and a “get off the brakes” signal.
melanoma
Student ideas
p27 is a protein that blocks some cells from entering the S phase of the cell cycle. Recent research suggests that breast cancer prognosis is determined by p27 levels. Reduced levels of p27 predict a poor outcome for breast cancer patients. (Nat. Med. 3, 152 (97))
Alkylating agents – severely damage DNA so that it can’t be repaired, so cell is destroyed Plant
Toxic – usually must be administered right into blood vessels. If spilled on skin, very harmful
Trisomy 13
Once chromosomes are in the center of the spindle, the sister chromatids separate and move in opposite directions. At the end of mitosis there are 2 nuclei, each with a complete set of chromosomes
