DNA Chip
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DNA chips, also known as microarrays, contain thousands of genes arranged on a small chip. Each gene occupies its own spot on the chip. By introducing genetic samples onto the chip, researchers can determine which genes are most active and gain insights into how genetics affect traits and diseases. Emerging nanotechnologies allow the creation of even smaller DNA chips with higher resolution using techniques like dip pen nanolithography and electrochemical sensing. These nano-scale DNA chips have the potential to revolutionize the study of genomics and functional genomics.
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12 arrays
Bio-chips, also known as lab-on-a-chip devices, can provide portable, low-cost, and low-power platforms for integrating sensors and other components. DNA microarrays allow high-throughput screening by placing probes for thousands of genes on a single chip. mRNA is extracted from experimental and control samples, converted to fluorescent cDNA, and hybridized on the chip. The resulting colors indicate gene expression levels. Protein microarrays similarly attach thousands of proteins to a chip and use probes to study protein interactions, expression profiles, and biochemical functions through detection of reaction products. Technical challenges include maintaining protein activity and structure during immobilization and detection.
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Useful.ppt
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I. The document discusses the history and methods of DNA sequencing, including the Sanger dideoxy method, sequencing large pieces of DNA using shotgun sequencing, and advances towards achieving the "$1,000 genome".
II. It describes how the Sanger method works by using DNA polymerase and dideoxynucleotides to terminate DNA strand extension at random positions, generating fragments of different lengths that can be separated by gel electrophoresis.
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DNA Sequencing - DNA sequencing is like reading the instructions inside a cell
DNA sequencing is like reading the instructions inside a cell. It's figuring out the exact order of the building blocks that make up our DNA, represented by the letters A, T, C, and G. This order is like a code that tells our bodies how to function and grow.
By reading this code, scientists can understand genes, diagnose diseases, and even trace our ancestry. There are different ways to sequence DNA, kind of like having a few different ways to read a book. These techniques are constantly improving, making it faster and easier to unlock the secrets hidden in our DNA.
Third Generation Sequencing
whole genome analysis
history
needs
steps involved
human genome data
NGS
pyrosequencing
illumina
SOLiD
Ion torrent
PacBio
applications
problems
benefits
GENOMIC SIGNAL PROCESSING
The document discusses the human genome and protein coding regions of DNA. It notes that the human genome contains over 3 billion nucleotide base pairs, with around 30,000-35,000 genes estimated. Less than 2% of the genome actually codes for proteins. The period-3 property, related to codon distributions between coding and noncoding regions, can help identify coding regions in a DNA sequence. Genomic signal processing opens new areas for identifying coding regions, predicting reading frames, and analyzing increasingly large genetic datasets.
Genomics_Aishwarya Teli.pptx
This document provides an overview of genomics and proteomics tools and techniques. It discusses genomics and the study of genomes, including structural and functional genomics. It also covers proteomics and the study of the proteome. The document then describes several key techniques in more detail, including DNA gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), DNA sequencing, microarrays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), blotting techniques like Western blotting, and SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. It provides information on the principles, applications, and procedures for each technique.
Detection of DNA Damage Using Comet Assay Image Analysis
Reactive species such as free radicals are constantly produced in vivo and DNA is the very important target of oxidative stress. Oxidative DNA damage is considered as a predictive biomarker to monitor the risk of development of many diseases. The comet assay is widely used for specifying oxidative DNA damage at a single cell level. The analysis of comet assay output images, however, poses considerable challenges. The comet assay, also known as single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), is a simple, sensitive and reliable method for studying DNA damage caused by physical and chemical agents. So the comet assay is a well-established, simple, versatile, visual, rapid, and sensitive method used extensively to assess DNA damage quantitatively and qualitatively at single cell level. The comet assay is most frequently used to analyze white blood cells or lymphocytes in human bio monitoring studies. So through the analysis of comet assay image we can detect edge of damaged DNA comet isolating it from undamaged DNA.
Microarray technology, biochip, DNA chip
Introduction
Definition
History
Principle
Types
CDNA array
Oligonucleotide array
Microarray experiments
Microarray fabrication
Application
Microarray database
Conclusion
Reference
BIOTECHNOLOGY PPT.pptx
Genomics is the study of genomes through DNA sequencing and analysis. There are several types of genomics including structural, functional, comparative, epigenomics, and metagenomics. DNA sequencing methods have advanced from Sanger sequencing to next-generation sequencing using high-throughput technologies. Genome sequencing has provided insights into disease, evolution, and applications in medicine, agriculture, and environmental science.
Microarray @ujjwal sirohi
A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface.
The core principle behind microarrays is hybridization between two DNA strands, the property of complementary nucleic acid sequences to specifically pair with each other by forming hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs.
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