International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
This paper studies the suitability of a vector based current control which is mostly employed for its faster response in the reactive current applications of static compnesators (STATCOMs). The current control is mostly achieved using proportional-integral (PI) controllers because of the advantage of their good tracking and small variations. However, due to the dependency of PI controllers on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) system dynamics, performance variations arise during steady-state STATCOM non-ideal operations. This paper presents an improved MMC based STATCOM control with a d-q compensation algorithm added to the vector based current control. The algorithm is derived to tackle the effects of the dynamics of the MMC and the STATCOM ideal variations without the use of any additional controller. The control is achieved by providing a power compensation in the d,q-axis which injects currents at the input of the PI controllers in order to improve the steady-state performance of the STATCOM control.
Mitigation of Voltage Imbalance in A Two Feeder Distribution System Using IupqcIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Proliferation of electronic equipment in commercial and industrial processes has resulted in increasingly sensitive electrical loads to be fed from power distribution system which introduce contamination to voltage and current waveforms at the point of common coupling of industrial loads. The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is connected between two different feeders (lines), hence this method of connection of the UPQC is called as Interline UPQC (IUPQC).This paper proposes a new connection for a UPQC to improve the power quality of two feeders in a distribution system. Interline Unified Power Quality Conditioner (IUPQC), specifically aims at the integration of series VSC and Shunt VSC to provide high quality power supply by means of voltage sag/swell compensation, harmonic elimination in a power distribution network, so that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The structure, control and capability of the IUPQC are discussed in this paper. The efficiency of the proposed configuration has been verified through simulation using MATLAB/ SIMULINK.
A Voltage Controlled Dstatcom for Power Quality Improvementiosrjce
Due to increasing complexity in the power system, voltage sag is becoming one of the most significant
power quality problems. Voltage sag is a short reduction voltage from nominal voltage, occurs in a short time.
If the voltage sags exceed two to three cycles, then manufacturing systems making use of sensitive electronic
equipments are likely to be affected leading to major problems. It ultimately leads to wastage of resources (both
material and human) as well as financial losses. This is possible only by ensuring that uninterrupted flow of
power is maintained at proper voltage levels. This project tends look at the solving the sag problems by using
custom power devices such as Distribution Static compensator (D-STATCOM).Proposed scheme follows a new
algorithm to generate reference voltage for a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) operating in
voltage-control mode. The proposed scheme ensures that unity power factor (UPF) is achieved at the load
terminal during nominal operation, which is not possible in the traditional method. Also, the compensator
injects lower currents therefore, reduces losses in the feeder and voltage-source inverter. Further, a saving in
the rating of DSTATCOM is achieved which increases its capacity to mitigate voltage sag. Nearly UPF is
maintained, while regulating voltage at the load terminal, during load change. The state-space model of
DSTATCOM is incorporated with the deadbeat predictive controller for fast load voltage regulation during
voltage disturbances. With these features, this scheme allows DSTATCOM to tackle power-quality issues by
providing power factor correction, harmonic elimination, load balancing, and voltage regulation based on the
load requirement.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
This paper studies the suitability of a vector based current control which is mostly employed for its faster response in the reactive current applications of static compnesators (STATCOMs). The current control is mostly achieved using proportional-integral (PI) controllers because of the advantage of their good tracking and small variations. However, due to the dependency of PI controllers on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) system dynamics, performance variations arise during steady-state STATCOM non-ideal operations. This paper presents an improved MMC based STATCOM control with a d-q compensation algorithm added to the vector based current control. The algorithm is derived to tackle the effects of the dynamics of the MMC and the STATCOM ideal variations without the use of any additional controller. The control is achieved by providing a power compensation in the d,q-axis which injects currents at the input of the PI controllers in order to improve the steady-state performance of the STATCOM control.
Mitigation of Voltage Imbalance in A Two Feeder Distribution System Using IupqcIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Proliferation of electronic equipment in commercial and industrial processes has resulted in increasingly sensitive electrical loads to be fed from power distribution system which introduce contamination to voltage and current waveforms at the point of common coupling of industrial loads. The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is connected between two different feeders (lines), hence this method of connection of the UPQC is called as Interline UPQC (IUPQC).This paper proposes a new connection for a UPQC to improve the power quality of two feeders in a distribution system. Interline Unified Power Quality Conditioner (IUPQC), specifically aims at the integration of series VSC and Shunt VSC to provide high quality power supply by means of voltage sag/swell compensation, harmonic elimination in a power distribution network, so that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The structure, control and capability of the IUPQC are discussed in this paper. The efficiency of the proposed configuration has been verified through simulation using MATLAB/ SIMULINK.
A Voltage Controlled Dstatcom for Power Quality Improvementiosrjce
Due to increasing complexity in the power system, voltage sag is becoming one of the most significant
power quality problems. Voltage sag is a short reduction voltage from nominal voltage, occurs in a short time.
If the voltage sags exceed two to three cycles, then manufacturing systems making use of sensitive electronic
equipments are likely to be affected leading to major problems. It ultimately leads to wastage of resources (both
material and human) as well as financial losses. This is possible only by ensuring that uninterrupted flow of
power is maintained at proper voltage levels. This project tends look at the solving the sag problems by using
custom power devices such as Distribution Static compensator (D-STATCOM).Proposed scheme follows a new
algorithm to generate reference voltage for a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) operating in
voltage-control mode. The proposed scheme ensures that unity power factor (UPF) is achieved at the load
terminal during nominal operation, which is not possible in the traditional method. Also, the compensator
injects lower currents therefore, reduces losses in the feeder and voltage-source inverter. Further, a saving in
the rating of DSTATCOM is achieved which increases its capacity to mitigate voltage sag. Nearly UPF is
maintained, while regulating voltage at the load terminal, during load change. The state-space model of
DSTATCOM is incorporated with the deadbeat predictive controller for fast load voltage regulation during
voltage disturbances. With these features, this scheme allows DSTATCOM to tackle power-quality issues by
providing power factor correction, harmonic elimination, load balancing, and voltage regulation based on the
load requirement.
Stability Enhancement of Pleiku Power System using a Distribution Static Sync...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper presents the simulation results of using a static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) based on voltage source converter (VSC) to enhance voltage stability and improve the stability of the actual Pleiku Power System. The PI controller based D-STATCOM is applied to stabilize and improve voltage waveforms at load buses in the studied power system under three-phase short circuit fault. Simulation results in a time domain are presented to show effectiveness of using the D-STATCOM for stability and improvement of voltage quality when small disturbances occur, and of enhancing voltage magnitude, mitigating voltage oscillation in transient conditions under a severe disturbance in the power system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The use of distributed generation (DG) within distribution systems has increased for the last two decades due to worldwide increase in demand for electricity and governmental policy change from “conventional” energy to “green” energy. High levels of penetration of DG have many significant benefits but also come with many drawbacks such as voltage drop and power losses. This study presents the impact of DG at different locations in a distribution feeder in terms of the feeder voltage profile. A radial distribution system is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software while changing the size and location of DG in the system. The obtained results are used for better understanding on the impact of DG on voltage profile in radial distribution feeder.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This paper presents modular multilevel converter (MMC) with circulating current control which provides an improved balanced capacitors voltages. The control is achieved by employing compensation techniques in the external and internal controls of the MMC based static compensator (STATCOM). Performance variations arise during STATCOM non-ideal operation with grid externally and during capacitors voltage transients due to charging and discharging within the MMC that result in the emergence of a voltage disturbance. The proportional integral (PI) controller is usually employed in the external and internal controls for a fast response and reactive current control. In this paper, the performance of the PI controller is improved using voltage compensation in the external control and virtual impedance in the capacitor voltage control within a five-level MMC. The proposed control minimizes the variations in the STATCOM operations with the grid and within the MMC to provide an enhanced overall system response.
Steady State Operation And Enhancement Of Transient Stability In Hydel Power...IJMER
In this paper, the effect of STATCOM for improving the stability and steady state operation of
the hydel power system is investigated. The STATCOM is used to control power flow of power system by
injecting appropriate reactive power during dynamic state. Simulation results show that STATCOM not
only considerably improves transient stability but also compensates the reactive power in steady state.
Therefore STATCOM can increase reliability and capability of AC transmission system. To illustrate the
performance of the FACTS controller (STATCOM), a three machine nine bus, Multi-Machine Power
System has been considered.
Fuzzy Bang-Bang Control Scheme of USSC for Voltage Sag Mitigation due to Shor...IAES-IJPEDS
Unified series shunt compensator (USSC) has been widely used to mitigate various power quality disturbances in distribution network. The USSC is almost similar to the UPFC, but the only differences are that the UPFC inverters are in shunt series connection and used in transmission systems whereas the USSC inverters are in series-shunt connection and used in distribution systems. USSC, it is possible to compensate a different power quality problem as compared to DSTATCOM and DVR. It is noted that, mitigated load voltage by the DVR is lower than mitigated value obtained by USSC. In other words the USSC can mitigate voltage sag better in compared to DVR and D-STATCOM. Also in case of voltage flicker, unbalance and harmonics elimination it is much effective. Similarly, D-STATCOM is unable to control power flow. It is seen that the proposed USSC can mitigate variety of power quality (PQ) problems. Hence due to multi capability of USSC in power quality improvement, this paper presents the scheme based on fuzzy bang-bang control for USSC. Using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based on bang-bang control; the USSC will contribute to improve voltage sag without deteriorating the effect of the other compensating devices.
MITIGATION OF UNBALANCED FAULTS IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING FD-STATCOM WITH ...Suganthi Thangaraj
Power quality is certainly a major concern in the present era. This paper proposes a flexible D-STATCOM with a new controller scheme. And it supplies power to sensitive loads under Islanding conditions. This paper introduces the performance of FD-STATCOM system to mitigate power quality problems under all types of system related disturbances such as L-L &DLG faults. A 12 pulse IGBT based D-STATCOM is designed using MATLAB. Here the super capacitor is used as the storage device. The realibility of the control scheme in the system response to the voltage disturbances caused by LL&DLG faults and Islanded operating conditions are obviously proved in the simulation results.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Parametric Analysis and Optimization of Turning Operation by Using Taguchi Ap...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
GPS cycle slips detection and repair through various signal combinationsIJMER
GPS Cycle slips affect the measured spatial distance between the satellite and the receiver,
thus affecting the accuracy of the derived 3D coordinates of any ground station. Therefore, cycle slips
must be detected and repaired before performing any data processing. The objectives of this research are
to detect the Cycle slips by using various types of GPS signal combinations with graphical and statistical
tests techniques, and to repair cycle slips by using average and time difference geometry techniques.
Results of detection process show that the graphical detection can be used as a primary detection
technique whereas the statistical approaches of detection are proved to be superior. On the other hand,
results of repairing process show that any trial can be used for such process except for the 1st and 2nd
time differences averaging all data as they give very low accuracy of the cycle slip fixation
Development of Nanocomposite from Epoxy/PDMS-Cyanate/Nanoclay for Materials w...IJMER
Dicyanate monomer viz bis-4-cyanato-polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS-CY) containing
siloxane known as thermally stable structural unit was prepared. The PDMS-CY/DGEBA-stability, thermal degradation kinetics and microstructures
Stability Enhancement of Pleiku Power System using a Distribution Static Sync...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper presents the simulation results of using a static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) based on voltage source converter (VSC) to enhance voltage stability and improve the stability of the actual Pleiku Power System. The PI controller based D-STATCOM is applied to stabilize and improve voltage waveforms at load buses in the studied power system under three-phase short circuit fault. Simulation results in a time domain are presented to show effectiveness of using the D-STATCOM for stability and improvement of voltage quality when small disturbances occur, and of enhancing voltage magnitude, mitigating voltage oscillation in transient conditions under a severe disturbance in the power system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The use of distributed generation (DG) within distribution systems has increased for the last two decades due to worldwide increase in demand for electricity and governmental policy change from “conventional” energy to “green” energy. High levels of penetration of DG have many significant benefits but also come with many drawbacks such as voltage drop and power losses. This study presents the impact of DG at different locations in a distribution feeder in terms of the feeder voltage profile. A radial distribution system is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software while changing the size and location of DG in the system. The obtained results are used for better understanding on the impact of DG on voltage profile in radial distribution feeder.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This paper presents modular multilevel converter (MMC) with circulating current control which provides an improved balanced capacitors voltages. The control is achieved by employing compensation techniques in the external and internal controls of the MMC based static compensator (STATCOM). Performance variations arise during STATCOM non-ideal operation with grid externally and during capacitors voltage transients due to charging and discharging within the MMC that result in the emergence of a voltage disturbance. The proportional integral (PI) controller is usually employed in the external and internal controls for a fast response and reactive current control. In this paper, the performance of the PI controller is improved using voltage compensation in the external control and virtual impedance in the capacitor voltage control within a five-level MMC. The proposed control minimizes the variations in the STATCOM operations with the grid and within the MMC to provide an enhanced overall system response.
Steady State Operation And Enhancement Of Transient Stability In Hydel Power...IJMER
In this paper, the effect of STATCOM for improving the stability and steady state operation of
the hydel power system is investigated. The STATCOM is used to control power flow of power system by
injecting appropriate reactive power during dynamic state. Simulation results show that STATCOM not
only considerably improves transient stability but also compensates the reactive power in steady state.
Therefore STATCOM can increase reliability and capability of AC transmission system. To illustrate the
performance of the FACTS controller (STATCOM), a three machine nine bus, Multi-Machine Power
System has been considered.
Fuzzy Bang-Bang Control Scheme of USSC for Voltage Sag Mitigation due to Shor...IAES-IJPEDS
Unified series shunt compensator (USSC) has been widely used to mitigate various power quality disturbances in distribution network. The USSC is almost similar to the UPFC, but the only differences are that the UPFC inverters are in shunt series connection and used in transmission systems whereas the USSC inverters are in series-shunt connection and used in distribution systems. USSC, it is possible to compensate a different power quality problem as compared to DSTATCOM and DVR. It is noted that, mitigated load voltage by the DVR is lower than mitigated value obtained by USSC. In other words the USSC can mitigate voltage sag better in compared to DVR and D-STATCOM. Also in case of voltage flicker, unbalance and harmonics elimination it is much effective. Similarly, D-STATCOM is unable to control power flow. It is seen that the proposed USSC can mitigate variety of power quality (PQ) problems. Hence due to multi capability of USSC in power quality improvement, this paper presents the scheme based on fuzzy bang-bang control for USSC. Using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based on bang-bang control; the USSC will contribute to improve voltage sag without deteriorating the effect of the other compensating devices.
MITIGATION OF UNBALANCED FAULTS IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING FD-STATCOM WITH ...Suganthi Thangaraj
Power quality is certainly a major concern in the present era. This paper proposes a flexible D-STATCOM with a new controller scheme. And it supplies power to sensitive loads under Islanding conditions. This paper introduces the performance of FD-STATCOM system to mitigate power quality problems under all types of system related disturbances such as L-L &DLG faults. A 12 pulse IGBT based D-STATCOM is designed using MATLAB. Here the super capacitor is used as the storage device. The realibility of the control scheme in the system response to the voltage disturbances caused by LL&DLG faults and Islanded operating conditions are obviously proved in the simulation results.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Parametric Analysis and Optimization of Turning Operation by Using Taguchi Ap...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
GPS cycle slips detection and repair through various signal combinationsIJMER
GPS Cycle slips affect the measured spatial distance between the satellite and the receiver,
thus affecting the accuracy of the derived 3D coordinates of any ground station. Therefore, cycle slips
must be detected and repaired before performing any data processing. The objectives of this research are
to detect the Cycle slips by using various types of GPS signal combinations with graphical and statistical
tests techniques, and to repair cycle slips by using average and time difference geometry techniques.
Results of detection process show that the graphical detection can be used as a primary detection
technique whereas the statistical approaches of detection are proved to be superior. On the other hand,
results of repairing process show that any trial can be used for such process except for the 1st and 2nd
time differences averaging all data as they give very low accuracy of the cycle slip fixation
Development of Nanocomposite from Epoxy/PDMS-Cyanate/Nanoclay for Materials w...IJMER
Dicyanate monomer viz bis-4-cyanato-polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS-CY) containing
siloxane known as thermally stable structural unit was prepared. The PDMS-CY/DGEBA-stability, thermal degradation kinetics and microstructures
: The main objective of this paper is the systematic description of the current research and
development of small or miniature unmanned aerial vehicles and micro aerial vehicles, with a focus on
rotary wing vehicles. In recent times, unmanned/Micro aerial vehicles have been operated across the
world; they have also been the subject of considerable research. In particular, UAVs/MAVs with rotary
wings have been expected to perform various tasks such as monitoring at fixed points and surveillance
from the sky since they can perform not only perform static flights by hovering but also achieve vertical
takeoffs and landing. Helicopters have been used for personnel transport, carrying goods, spreading
information, and performing monitoring duties for long periods. A manned helicopter has to be used for
all these duties. On the other hand, unmanned helicopters that can be operated by radio control have
been developed as a hobby. Since unmanned helicopters are often superior to manned helicopters in
terms of cost and safety, in recent years, accomplishing tasks using unmanned helicopters has become
popular. Considerable expertise is required to operate unmanned helicopters by radio control, and
hence, vast labor resources are employed to train operators. Moreover, it is impossible to operate
unmanned helicopters outside visual areas because of lack of radio control, and the working area is
hence limited remarkably. For solving the above problems, it is necessary to realize autonomous
control of unmanned helicopters. However, no general method for designing the small unmanned
helicopters has been developed yet – today, various design techniques by different study groups using
different helicopters exist. In this paper the conceptual design process is explained.
Performance Analysis of Trust-Aware Routing Framework for Wireless Mesh NetworksIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
This paper mainly discusses about the Transparent Antenna’s introduction, design, their feeding methods, the future scope and finally transition from 2D to 3D.
The properties of polynomial hermitian, polynomial normal and polynomial unitary
matrices are discussed. A characterization for polynomial normal matrix is obtained
Security of Data in Cloud Environment Using DPaaSIJMER
The rapid development of cloud computing is giving way to more cloud services, due to
which security of services of cloud especially data confidentiality protection, becomes more critical.
Cloud computing is an emerging computing style which provides dynamic services, scalable and payper-use.
Although cloud computing provides numerous advantages, a key challenge is how to ensure
and build confidence that the cloud can handle user data securely. This paper highlights some major
security issues that exist in current cloud computing environments. The status of the development of
cloud computing security, the data privacy analysis, security audit, information check and another
challenges that the cloud computing security faces have been explored. The recent researches on data
protection regarding security and privacy issues in cloud computing have partially addressed some
issues. The best option is to build data-protection solutions at the platform layer. The growing appeal
of data protection as a service is that it enables to access just the resources you need at minimal
upfront expense while providing the benefits of enterprise-class data protection capabilities. The
paper proposes a solution to make existing developed applications for simple cloud Systems
compatible with DPaaS. The various security challenges have been highlighted and the various
necessary metrics required for designing DPaaS have been investigated.
Enhancement in viscosity of diesel by adding vegetable oilIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Improvement of Surface Roughness of Nickel Alloy Specimen by Removing Recast ...IJMER
In this investigation, experimental work and computational work are combined to obtain
improvement in the surface roughness of nickel alloy specimen, the machining is carried out by means
of CNC wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). Brass wire is used as the tool electrode and nickel
alloy (Inconel600) is used as the work piece material. The machining parameters such as Pulse-On time
(Ton), Pulse-Off time (Toff), Peak Current (Ip), and Bed speed are considered as input parameters for this
project. Surface roughness and Recast layer are considered the output parameters. The experiments
with the pre-planned set of input parameters are designed based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array. The
surface roughness is measured using stylus type roughness tester and the thickness of the Recast layer
is measured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results obtained from the experiments are
fed to the Minitab software and optimum input parameters for the desired output parameters are
identified. The software uses the concept of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and indicates the nature of
effect of input parameters on the output parameters and confirmation is done by validation
experiments. Once the recast layer thickness is obtained Chemical Etching and abrasive blasting is
performed in order to remove the recast layer and again the surface roughness is measured by using
stylus type roughness tester. Finally from the obtained results it was found that there was significant
improvement in the Surface roughness of the nickel alloy material. In addition using regression
analysis this work is stimulated by computational method and the results are obtained.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
Simulation and Comparison of DVR and DSTATCOM Used for voltage sag mitigation...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power Quality problem in a system leads to various disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, transients and waveform distortions that results in a mis-operation or a failure of end user equipment. There are different types of custom power devices like Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which can effectively use for mitigation of different type of power quality problems. This paper describes the technique of correcting the supply voltage sag distributed system and also describes performance comparison are presented between DVR and DSTATCOM to know how both the devices successfully been applied to power system for regulating system voltage effectively. DSTATCOM and DVR both of them based on VSI principle. A DVR is a series compensation device which injects a voltage in series with system and a DSTATCOM is a shunt compensation device which injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. This paper presents a power system operation with PI controller with abc to dq0 convertor approach. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the system with and without compensation. Results are presented to assess the performance of devices as a potential custom power solution. Improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. This paper presents modeling and simulation of DVR & DSTATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTAT...ijtsrd
As demand for electricity has risen exponentially, power production and transmission are affected by scarce energy, environmental constraints and other losses. Soft computing methods to fix the sag, swell and disruption of the supply voltage in the distributed device. At present, a broad variety of highly versatile controls that leverage on newly available power electronics components are evolving for custom power applications. Control electronic equipment intended to improve the stability and efficiency of electricity flows in low voltage distribution networks. The control algorithm is used to derive the fundamental weighted value of the active and reactive power components. Using a digital signal processor, DSTATCOM is built and its output as a DSTATCOM is found to be satisfactory for different types of loads. Amit Radhakrishna Parhad | Pramod Kumar Rathore "A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM (Neural Network Approach)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42403.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electrical-engineering/42403/a-review-on-optimization-techniques-for-power-quality-improvement-using-dstatcom-neural-network-approach/amit-radhakrishna-parhad
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This paper focus on distribution system by applying different control techniques in order to improve the performance of the system. In the distribution system mainly concentrate on power quality issues like reactive power control, harmonic elimination, power factor correction, etc. Because of power quality problems voltage, current, frequency are continuously changing in power systems. These changes will effects the performance of power systems. Power quality problems can be compensated by placing DSTATCOM which is connected at PCC in parallel. It is shunt connected VSI along with the filters, with the help of DSTATCOM voltage sag, swell and THD can be controlled. This paper presents detailed explanation about performance and configuration of latest control techniques to control the DSTATCOM.
Simulation of D-STATCOM to study Voltage Stability in Distribution systemijsrd.com
This paper presents the simulation of D-statcom to understand the improvement of voltage stability [1] of distribution system. The power circuits of the D-STATCOM and distribution networks are made up of simpower system blocks, while the control circuits made with the simulink blocks The STATCOM is applied to regulate transmission voltage to allow greater power flow in a voltage limited transmission network, in the same manner as a static var compensator (SVC), the STATCOM has further potential by giving an inherently faster response and greater output to a system with depressed voltage and offers improved quality of supply. The main applications of the STATCOM are; Distribution STATCOM (D-STATCOM) exhibits high speed control of reactive power to provide voltage stabilization and other type of system control. The DSTATCOM protects the utility transmission or distribution system from voltage sag and /or flicker caused by rapidly varying reactive current demand. During the transient conditions the D-STATCOM provides leading or lagging reactive power to active system stability, power factor correction and load balancing.
1.compensation of reactive power using d statcom in grid interfaced pv systemEditorJST
This paper displays the upgrade of voltage droops, Harmonic mutilation and low power figure utilizing Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) with LCL Passive Filter in Distribution Framework. At whatever point there is an entrance of photovoltaic cell energy to the low voltage appropriated matrix, there happen the issue of confuse in voltage and recurrence in the system, maybe brought on by non-direct loads, creating music. The model depends on the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) guideline. The D-STATCOM infuses a current into the framework to alleviate the voltage lists. LCL Passive Filter Was then added to D-STATCOM to enhance symphonies bending and low power figure. The reproductions were performed utilizing MATLAB SIMULINK.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power Quality Improvement Using Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Based D...IJERA Editor
Cascaded multilevel configuration of the inverter has the advantage of its simplicity and modularity over the
configurations of the diode-clamped and flying capacitor multilevel inverters. This paper presents a threephase,
five-level and seven level cascaded multilevel voltage source inverter based active filter for power line
conditioning to improve power quality in the distribution network. The DSTATCOM helps to improve the
power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) drawn from a Non-Liner Diode Rectifier
Load (NLDRL). The compensation process is based on concept of p-q theory. A CHB Inverter is considered for
shunt compensation of a 11 kV distribution system. Finally a level shifted PWM (LSPWM) and phase shifted
PWM (PSPWM) techniques are adopted to investigate the performance of CHB Inverter. The results are
obtained through Matlab/Simulink software package.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Mitigation of Fault in the Distribution System by using Flexible Distributed Static Compensator (FD-STATCOM)
1. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol. 3, Issue. 4, Jul. - Aug. 2013 pp-2367-2373 ISSN: 2249-6645
www.ijmer.com 2367 | Page
B. Giri Prasad Reddy1
, V. Obul Reddy2
M. Tech (power electronics), Aurora Engineering College, JNTU Hyderabad, AP, India1
Assistant professor, Aurora’s Engineering College, JNTU Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India2
ABSTRACT: This paper proposes a flexible D-STATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) and its new controller
system, that be able to mitigate all types of faults (LG, DLG, LL, LLL and LLLG), and improve the distribution system
performance. This paper validates the performance of D-STATCOM system to mitigate the power quality problems such as
voltage flickers, voltage sags/swells harmonics and improve the distribution system performance under all types of system
related disturbances and system unbalanced faults (LG, LL, DLG), balanced faults (LLL and LLLG). A 12-Pulse converter
based STATCOM was used to mitigate the voltage flicker with respect to the harmonic problem. A multilevel converter has
several advantages over a conventional 12-pulse converter such a Staircase waveform quality, Common-mode (CM) voltage,
Input current and harmonic control. Multi level based D-STATCOM configuration with IGBT is designed and the graphic
models of the D-STATCOM is developed using the MATLAB/SIMULINK
KEYWORDS: Distribution System, D-STATCOM, Voltage Sags, Faults.
I. INTRODUCTION
The modern power distribution network is constantly being faced with an ever-growing load demand. Distribution
networks experience distinct change from a low to high load level every day. Electric load growth and higher regional power
transfers in a largely interconnected network becoming more complex and less secure power system operation. Power
generation and transmission facilities are unable to meet these new demands. Many loads at various distribution ends like
domestic utilities, computers, process industries, adjustable speed drives, printers, and microprocessor based equipment etc.
have become intolerant to voltage fluctuations, harmonic content and interruptions[1]. Electrical power losses in distribution
systems correspond to about 70% of total losses in electric power systems. One of the most severe problems faced by
distribution networks operators is voltage drop along distribution feeders, which is caused by real and reactive power flow.
Voltage control is a difficult task because voltages are strongly influenced by random load fluctuations. Voltage profile can
be improved and power losses can be considerably reduced by installing Custom Power Devices or Controllers at suitable
location.
These controllers which are also named Distribution formally defined as the employment of power electronic or
static controllers in distribution systems rated up to 38 kV for the purpose of supplying a level of reliability or PQ Flexible
AC Transmission System (D- FACTS) are a New generation of power electronics-based equipment flows in low-voltage
distribution networks. Custom power that is needed by electric power customers who are sensitive to power variations.
Custom power devices or controllers include static switches, inverters, converters, injection transformers, master-control
modules and energy-storage modules that have the ability to perform current-interruption and voltage-regulation functions
within a distribution system [2].
The STATCOM is applied in distribution system is called D-STACOM (Distribution STACOM) and its
configuration is the same, or with small modifications, oriented to a possible future amplification of its possibilities in the
distribution network at low and medium voltage implementing the function so that we can describe as flicker damping,
harmonic, filtering and short interruption compensation. D-STATCOM exhibits high speed control of reactive power to
provide voltage stabilization, flicker suppression, and other types of system control. The D-STATCOM utilizes a design
consisting of a GTO- or IGBT-based voltage sourced converter connected to the power system via a multi-stage converter
transformer. This paper proposes a flexible D-STATCOM system designed to mitigate the voltage sags caused by LG, LL,
DLG, 3-Phase and 3-Phase to ground faults. And improve the power quality of the distribution system. Reactive power
compensation is an important issue in the control of distribution systems. The main reason for reactive power compensation
in a system is the voltage regulation increased system stability, better utilization of machines connected to the system,
reducing losses associated with the system and to prevent voltage collapse as well as voltage sag. Reactive current increases
the distribution system losses, reduces the system power factor, shrink the active power capability and can cause large-
amplitude variations in the load-side voltage [3]. Various methods have been applied to mitigate voltage sags. The
conventional methods use capacitor banks, new parallel feeders, and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).The D-
STATCOM has emerged as a promising device to provide not only for voltage sag mitigation but also for a host of other
power quality solutions such as voltage stabilization, flicker suppression, power factor correction. By a similar argument, the
D-STATCOM is also suitable for reducing the impact of voltage transients The DSTATCOM configuration consists of a
typical Three-level voltage source converter arrangement, a dc energy storage device; a coupling transformer connected in
shunt with ac system, and associated control circuits. The configurations that are more sophisticated use multi pulse and/or
multilevel configurations [4]. The VSC converts the dc voltage across the storage device into a set of three-phase ac output
voltages. These voltages are in phase and coupled with the ac system of network through the reactance of the coupling
transformer.
Mitigation of Fault in the Distribution System by using
Flexible Distributed Static Compensator (FD-STATCOM)
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A control method based on RMS voltage measurement has been presented. Where they have been presented a
PWM-based control scheme that requires RMS voltage measurements and no reactive power measurements are required. In
addition, in this given method, Clark and Park transformations are not required. However, they have been investigated
voltage sag/swell mitigation due to just load variation while no balanced and unbalanced faults have been investigated. In
this paper, a new control method for mitigating the load voltage sags caused by all types of fault is proposed. A Lookup
Table is used to detect the proportional gain of PI controller, which is based only on Trial and Error [5].
While in this paper, the proportional gain of the PI controller is fixed at a same value, for all types of faults, by
tuning the transformer reactance in a suitable amount. Then the robustness and reliability of the proposed method is more
than the mentioned methods. In this method, the dc side topology of the D-STATCOM is modified for mitigating voltage
distortions and the effects of system faults on the sensitive loads are investigated and the control of voltage sags are analyzed
and simulated.
II. THE PROPOSED D-STATCOM STRUCTURE
The basic electronic block of the DSTATCOM is the voltage source inverter that converts an input dc voltage into a
three-phase output voltage at fundamental frequency.
Fig.1 Block diagram of D-STATCOM
These voltages are in phase and coupled with the ac system through the reactance of the coupling transformer.
Suitable adjustment of the phase and magnitude of the D-STATCOM output voltages allow effective control of active and
reactive power exchanges between the D-STATCOM and the ac system
III. CONTROL STRATEGY
The block diagram of the control scheme designed for the FD-STATCOM is shown in Fig. 3 [6]. It is based only on
measurements of the voltage VRMS at the load point.
Fig.3. Control scheme designed.
D-STATCOM: The voltage error signal is obtained by comparing the measured VRMS voltage with a reference voltage,
VRMSRef. A PI controller processes the difference between these two signals in order to obtain the phase angle δ that is
required to drive the error to zero. The angle δ is used in the PWM generator as the phase angle of the sinusoidal control
signal. The switching frequency used in the sinusoidal PWM generator is 1450 Hz and the modulation index is 1. The
modulating angle δ is applied to the PWM generators in phase A. The angles of phases B and C are shifted 120 and 240
degrees, respectively [7].
IV. PROPOSED CONTROL METHOD
In this paper, in order to mitigate voltage sags caused by LG, LL, DLG, 3-Phase and 3-Phase to ground faults and
improve the power quality improvement of the distribution system. Considering this fact that all types of fault may occur in
distribution system, controller system must be able to mitigate any types of voltage sags. The control of a D-STATCOM is
developed to mitigate such problems and enhance power quality and improve distribution system reliability [8]. D-
STATCOM is connected to the Y-Y and Y- Δ transformers for creating the 30 degrees phase shift. Harmonics mitigation
will takes place by creating the 30 degrees phase shift.
Fig 4: SIMULINK diagram WITHOUT D-STATCOM
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Fig 5: SIMULINK diagram WITH D-STATCOM
Table 1: Specifications of test system
Parameters Values
Source 1 11KV
Source 2 11KV
Source 3 11KV
Load 1 300KW
Load 2 200KW
Length BW B1 to B2 25Km
Length BW B2 to B3 20Km
Fig 6: Simulink model for D-STATCOM
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
Fig. 3 shows the test system implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK to carry out simulations for the FDSTATCOM.
The test system comprises a 11 kV transmission system. A balanced load is connected to the 11 kV, secondary side of the
transformer. Brk. 1 is used to control the operation period of the FD-STATCOM. A Three-level FD-STATCOM is
connected to the tertiary winding by closing Brk. 1 at 0.2 s, for maintaining load RMS voltage at 1pu. The dc side provides
the FD-STATCOM energy storage capabilities. The simulations are carried out for both cases where the FD-STATCOM is
connected to or disconnected from the system.
The simulations of the FD-STATCOM in fault condition are done using LL and DLG faults and under islanded
operating condition. In LL and DLG faults the faulted phases are phases A and B while in islanded operating condition,
three conductors open by Brk. 2 in 0.4 – 0.5 s. The duration of the islanding condition are considered for about 0.1 s and the
LL and DLG faults are considered for about 0.3 s. The faults are exerted at 0.4 s. The total simulation time is 1.6 s. In this
paper, the FD-STATCOM uses the proposed control method to mitigate the load voltage sags due to all types of faults. The
simulations are done for all types of faults introduced in the 11 kV distribution systems as follows:
A. Simulation results for Line-to-Line fault.
Fig. 7 and 8 show the RMS voltage and Vab (line Voltage) at the load point, respectively, for the case when the
system operates without FD-STATCOM and under LL fault. In this case, the voltage drops by almost 20% with respect to
the reference value. At t = 0.2 s, the FD-STATCOM is connected to the distribution system. The voltage drop of the
sensitive load point is mitigated using the proposed control method.
Fig. 9 shows the mitigated RMS voltage using this new method where a very effective voltage regulation is
provided.
Fig. 10 shows the compensated Vab at the load point in interval 0.4 - 0.7 s, (when the voltage drops by almost 20%
because of the unbalanced LL fault by operating Timed Fault Logic). Fig. 11 shows the Vab frequency spectrums during
mitigation of voltage sag that is presented in percent. The THD in percent for Vab in during mitigation of LL fault
occurrence is 0.034%. Because of a 12-pulse FD-STATCOM is used in this paper, then the THD for Vab is very small.
Fig 7: The RMS voltage (VRMS) at PCC without FD-STATCOM
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Fig 8: Vab at PCC without FD-STATCOM
Fig 9: Compensated RMS voltage under LL fault
Fig 10: Compensated line voltage (Vab) at the load point
Fig 11: Frequency spectrum for Vab during mitigation of LL fault
B. Simulation results for Double Line to Ground fault
Figs. 12 and 13 show the RMS voltage and line voltage Vab at the load point, respectively, for the case when the
system operates without FD-STATCOM and unbalanced DLG fault is occurred. The RMS voltage faces with 20% decrease
with respect to the reference voltage.
Figs. 14 and 15 show the compensated RMS voltage and mitigated voltage of Vab at the load point, respectively, under
DLG fault using proposed method. It is observed that the proposed method has correctly mitigated voltage sag.
Fig. 16 shows the Vab frequency spectrums during mitigation of voltage sag. The THD of Vab in during mitigation of DLG
fault occurrence is very suitable and 0.036%.
Fig 12: The RMS voltage (VRMS) at PCC without FD-STATCOM
Fig 13: Vab Line voltage at PCC without FD-STATCOM
Fig 14: Compensated RMS voltage
Fig 15: Mitigated line voltage Vab at the load point
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The THD of Vab under islanded operating condition is very close to zero and 0.03%. The proposed method merits
with respect to the classic methods are simplicity and control convenience and being flexible, i.e. it can mitigate voltage
distortions caused by both LL/DLG faults and islanded operating condition only with the same control system setting.
The presented results show that the proposed FDSTATCOM and its controller system not only could mitigate
voltage distortions caused by the faults but also have a suitable performance under the islanded operating condition as a
FDG.
Fig 16: Frequency spectrum for Vab during mitigation of DLG fault
C. Simulation results under islanded operating condition
Figs. 17, 18 and 19 show the RMS voltage, line voltages and load currents (versus kA) at the PCC, respectively, for
the case when the system operates without FD-STATCOM and under islanded operating condition.
Fig 17: VRMS at PCC without FD-STATCOM under islanding condition
Fig 18: Line voltages at PCC without FD-STATCOM
Fig 19: Load currents without FD-STATCOM in islanding condition
Fig 20: Compensated RMS voltage
Fig 21: Compensated line voltages at the load point
Fig 22: The mitigated load currents (in kA)
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Fig 23: Frequency spectrum for Vab under islanded operating condition
Figs. 20, 21 and 22 shows the mitigated RMS voltage, line voltages at the load point and compensated load
currents, respectively, using the proposed method.
It is observed that the RMS load voltage is very close to the reference value, i.e., 1pu and FD-STATCOM is able to
supply power to sensitive loads, correctly. Fig. 23 shows the Vab frequency spectrums during mitigation of voltage sag
caused by islanding condition. The THD of Vab under islanded operating condition is very close to zero and 0.03%.
The proposed method merits with respect to the classic methods are simplicity and control convenience and being
flexible, i.e. it can mitigate voltage distortions caused by both LL/DLG faults and islanded operating condition only with the
same control system setting. The presented results show that the proposed FDSTATCOM and its controller system not only
could mitigate voltage distortions caused by the faults but also have a suitable performance under the islanded operating
condition as a FDG.
Compression of different types of faults without D-STATCOM and with D-STATCON on distributed system
VI. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, the D-STATCOM and its control system proposed that could mitigate the voltage sags (such as LG,
LL, DLG, 3-Phase and 3-Phase to Ground faults) and improved the power quality of the distribution system such as voltage
flickers and power factor correction. The D-STATCOM is connected to the Y-Y and Y-Δ, the harmonics generated by a
power electronic component is mitigated by providing the 30 degrees phase shift. The operation of the D-STATCOM and its
control system are developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK for mitigating the voltage sags and improving the power quality of
the distribution system.
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BIOGRAPHIES
V. OBUL REDDY was born in Andhra Pradesh, India, 1986. He received the B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
from JNTU Hyderabad, India, 2009, and the M.Tech. Degree in Power electronics from JNTU Hyderabad, India, 2011. He is presently
working as a Asst. Professor in Aurora’s Engineering College, AP, India. His main research areas are Switched Mode Converters,
Renewable Energy Sources and Electric Drives.
B. Giri Prasad Reddy was born in Nemallagunta Palli,Chittoor at Andhra Pradesd received his B.tech degree from Sindhura College
of Engineering and Technology, Ramagundam, Affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad. He is M.Tech degree from Aurora’s Engineering
College, Bhongir, Hyderabad Affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad. His area of interest is Application of FACTS devices in Power systems.