This document discusses the design, modeling, and simulation of a DSTATCOM (distribution static synchronous compensator) to improve power quality on distribution lines. It presents a study on modeling a STATCOM used for reactive power compensation. A three-phase IGBT-based voltage source inverter known as a DSTATCOM is used for power factor correction, harmonic compensation, and providing reactive power to loads. A model of a DSTATCOM connected to a distribution system feeding linear and non-linear loads is developed in MATLAB to analyze system behavior under transient conditions. The performance of the DSTATCOM is investigated under various fault conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
Mitigation of Fault in the Distribution System by using Flexible Distributed ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
Mitigation of Fault in the Distribution System by using Flexible Distributed ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Voltage Controlled Dstatcom for Power Quality Improvementiosrjce
Due to increasing complexity in the power system, voltage sag is becoming one of the most significant
power quality problems. Voltage sag is a short reduction voltage from nominal voltage, occurs in a short time.
If the voltage sags exceed two to three cycles, then manufacturing systems making use of sensitive electronic
equipments are likely to be affected leading to major problems. It ultimately leads to wastage of resources (both
material and human) as well as financial losses. This is possible only by ensuring that uninterrupted flow of
power is maintained at proper voltage levels. This project tends look at the solving the sag problems by using
custom power devices such as Distribution Static compensator (D-STATCOM).Proposed scheme follows a new
algorithm to generate reference voltage for a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) operating in
voltage-control mode. The proposed scheme ensures that unity power factor (UPF) is achieved at the load
terminal during nominal operation, which is not possible in the traditional method. Also, the compensator
injects lower currents therefore, reduces losses in the feeder and voltage-source inverter. Further, a saving in
the rating of DSTATCOM is achieved which increases its capacity to mitigate voltage sag. Nearly UPF is
maintained, while regulating voltage at the load terminal, during load change. The state-space model of
DSTATCOM is incorporated with the deadbeat predictive controller for fast load voltage regulation during
voltage disturbances. With these features, this scheme allows DSTATCOM to tackle power-quality issues by
providing power factor correction, harmonic elimination, load balancing, and voltage regulation based on the
load requirement.
Fuzzy Bang-Bang Control Scheme of USSC for Voltage Sag Mitigation due to Shor...IAES-IJPEDS
Unified series shunt compensator (USSC) has been widely used to mitigate various power quality disturbances in distribution network. The USSC is almost similar to the UPFC, but the only differences are that the UPFC inverters are in shunt series connection and used in transmission systems whereas the USSC inverters are in series-shunt connection and used in distribution systems. USSC, it is possible to compensate a different power quality problem as compared to DSTATCOM and DVR. It is noted that, mitigated load voltage by the DVR is lower than mitigated value obtained by USSC. In other words the USSC can mitigate voltage sag better in compared to DVR and D-STATCOM. Also in case of voltage flicker, unbalance and harmonics elimination it is much effective. Similarly, D-STATCOM is unable to control power flow. It is seen that the proposed USSC can mitigate variety of power quality (PQ) problems. Hence due to multi capability of USSC in power quality improvement, this paper presents the scheme based on fuzzy bang-bang control for USSC. Using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based on bang-bang control; the USSC will contribute to improve voltage sag without deteriorating the effect of the other compensating devices.
MITIGATION OF UNBALANCED FAULTS IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING FD-STATCOM WITH ...Suganthi Thangaraj
Power quality is certainly a major concern in the present era. This paper proposes a flexible D-STATCOM with a new controller scheme. And it supplies power to sensitive loads under Islanding conditions. This paper introduces the performance of FD-STATCOM system to mitigate power quality problems under all types of system related disturbances such as L-L &DLG faults. A 12 pulse IGBT based D-STATCOM is designed using MATLAB. Here the super capacitor is used as the storage device. The realibility of the control scheme in the system response to the voltage disturbances caused by LL&DLG faults and Islanded operating conditions are obviously proved in the simulation results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Stability Enhancement of Pleiku Power System using a Distribution Static Sync...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper presents the simulation results of using a static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) based on voltage source converter (VSC) to enhance voltage stability and improve the stability of the actual Pleiku Power System. The PI controller based D-STATCOM is applied to stabilize and improve voltage waveforms at load buses in the studied power system under three-phase short circuit fault. Simulation results in a time domain are presented to show effectiveness of using the D-STATCOM for stability and improvement of voltage quality when small disturbances occur, and of enhancing voltage magnitude, mitigating voltage oscillation in transient conditions under a severe disturbance in the power system.
Modeling and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for voltage sag mitigatio...IJRRR
Abstract- Power quality deals with utilization of electric energy from the distribution system successfully without interference or interruption. Various factors like interruption in power supply, under voltage, over voltage, unbalanced voltage or current, harmonic distortion, flickering voltage, voltage fluctuation voltage sag etc. result in poor power quality. These power quality related problems can be solved with the help of various custom power devices. Voltage sags are considered to be the most common type of disturbances in the field based on current power disturbances studies. Their impact on sensitive loads is rigorous. The impact ranges from load disruptions to financial losses. In spite of the technical advances in electronics, there are some pieces of equipment that are so sensitive that they are unable to withstand voltage sags. There are many varies methods to mitigate voltage sags, but a Custom Power Supply device is considered to be the most efficient method. This dissertation is the study of Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which is the most efficient and effective device to protect sensitive equipment against voltage sags. It has low cost, smaller size and it has dynamic response to the disturbance.
Keywords- Voltage sag, DVR, power system, mitigation
SRF CONTROLLED DVR FOR COMPENSATION OF BALANCED AND UNBALANCED VOLTAGE DISTUR...IAEME Publication
The growth of power electronictechnology in the field of electric power sector has caused a greater awarenesson the power quality of distribution systems. With the re-structuring of powersystems and with shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation,the issue of power quality is going to take newer dimensions. The presentresearch is to identify the prominent concerns in this area and hence themeasures that can enhance the quality of power. This paper investigates theproblems of voltage sag, swell and its severe impact on nonlinear loads,sensitive loads.
A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTAT...ijtsrd
As demand for electricity has risen exponentially, power production and transmission are affected by scarce energy, environmental constraints and other losses. Soft computing methods to fix the sag, swell and disruption of the supply voltage in the distributed device. At present, a broad variety of highly versatile controls that leverage on newly available power electronics components are evolving for custom power applications. Control electronic equipment intended to improve the stability and efficiency of electricity flows in low voltage distribution networks. The control algorithm is used to derive the fundamental weighted value of the active and reactive power components. Using a digital signal processor, DSTATCOM is built and its output as a DSTATCOM is found to be satisfactory for different types of loads. Amit Radhakrishna Parhad | Pramod Kumar Rathore "A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM (Neural Network Approach)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42403.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electrical-engineering/42403/a-review-on-optimization-techniques-for-power-quality-improvement-using-dstatcom-neural-network-approach/amit-radhakrishna-parhad
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Voltage Controlled Dstatcom for Power Quality Improvementiosrjce
Due to increasing complexity in the power system, voltage sag is becoming one of the most significant
power quality problems. Voltage sag is a short reduction voltage from nominal voltage, occurs in a short time.
If the voltage sags exceed two to three cycles, then manufacturing systems making use of sensitive electronic
equipments are likely to be affected leading to major problems. It ultimately leads to wastage of resources (both
material and human) as well as financial losses. This is possible only by ensuring that uninterrupted flow of
power is maintained at proper voltage levels. This project tends look at the solving the sag problems by using
custom power devices such as Distribution Static compensator (D-STATCOM).Proposed scheme follows a new
algorithm to generate reference voltage for a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) operating in
voltage-control mode. The proposed scheme ensures that unity power factor (UPF) is achieved at the load
terminal during nominal operation, which is not possible in the traditional method. Also, the compensator
injects lower currents therefore, reduces losses in the feeder and voltage-source inverter. Further, a saving in
the rating of DSTATCOM is achieved which increases its capacity to mitigate voltage sag. Nearly UPF is
maintained, while regulating voltage at the load terminal, during load change. The state-space model of
DSTATCOM is incorporated with the deadbeat predictive controller for fast load voltage regulation during
voltage disturbances. With these features, this scheme allows DSTATCOM to tackle power-quality issues by
providing power factor correction, harmonic elimination, load balancing, and voltage regulation based on the
load requirement.
Fuzzy Bang-Bang Control Scheme of USSC for Voltage Sag Mitigation due to Shor...IAES-IJPEDS
Unified series shunt compensator (USSC) has been widely used to mitigate various power quality disturbances in distribution network. The USSC is almost similar to the UPFC, but the only differences are that the UPFC inverters are in shunt series connection and used in transmission systems whereas the USSC inverters are in series-shunt connection and used in distribution systems. USSC, it is possible to compensate a different power quality problem as compared to DSTATCOM and DVR. It is noted that, mitigated load voltage by the DVR is lower than mitigated value obtained by USSC. In other words the USSC can mitigate voltage sag better in compared to DVR and D-STATCOM. Also in case of voltage flicker, unbalance and harmonics elimination it is much effective. Similarly, D-STATCOM is unable to control power flow. It is seen that the proposed USSC can mitigate variety of power quality (PQ) problems. Hence due to multi capability of USSC in power quality improvement, this paper presents the scheme based on fuzzy bang-bang control for USSC. Using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based on bang-bang control; the USSC will contribute to improve voltage sag without deteriorating the effect of the other compensating devices.
MITIGATION OF UNBALANCED FAULTS IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING FD-STATCOM WITH ...Suganthi Thangaraj
Power quality is certainly a major concern in the present era. This paper proposes a flexible D-STATCOM with a new controller scheme. And it supplies power to sensitive loads under Islanding conditions. This paper introduces the performance of FD-STATCOM system to mitigate power quality problems under all types of system related disturbances such as L-L &DLG faults. A 12 pulse IGBT based D-STATCOM is designed using MATLAB. Here the super capacitor is used as the storage device. The realibility of the control scheme in the system response to the voltage disturbances caused by LL&DLG faults and Islanded operating conditions are obviously proved in the simulation results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Stability Enhancement of Pleiku Power System using a Distribution Static Sync...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper presents the simulation results of using a static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) based on voltage source converter (VSC) to enhance voltage stability and improve the stability of the actual Pleiku Power System. The PI controller based D-STATCOM is applied to stabilize and improve voltage waveforms at load buses in the studied power system under three-phase short circuit fault. Simulation results in a time domain are presented to show effectiveness of using the D-STATCOM for stability and improvement of voltage quality when small disturbances occur, and of enhancing voltage magnitude, mitigating voltage oscillation in transient conditions under a severe disturbance in the power system.
Modeling and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for voltage sag mitigatio...IJRRR
Abstract- Power quality deals with utilization of electric energy from the distribution system successfully without interference or interruption. Various factors like interruption in power supply, under voltage, over voltage, unbalanced voltage or current, harmonic distortion, flickering voltage, voltage fluctuation voltage sag etc. result in poor power quality. These power quality related problems can be solved with the help of various custom power devices. Voltage sags are considered to be the most common type of disturbances in the field based on current power disturbances studies. Their impact on sensitive loads is rigorous. The impact ranges from load disruptions to financial losses. In spite of the technical advances in electronics, there are some pieces of equipment that are so sensitive that they are unable to withstand voltage sags. There are many varies methods to mitigate voltage sags, but a Custom Power Supply device is considered to be the most efficient method. This dissertation is the study of Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which is the most efficient and effective device to protect sensitive equipment against voltage sags. It has low cost, smaller size and it has dynamic response to the disturbance.
Keywords- Voltage sag, DVR, power system, mitigation
SRF CONTROLLED DVR FOR COMPENSATION OF BALANCED AND UNBALANCED VOLTAGE DISTUR...IAEME Publication
The growth of power electronictechnology in the field of electric power sector has caused a greater awarenesson the power quality of distribution systems. With the re-structuring of powersystems and with shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation,the issue of power quality is going to take newer dimensions. The presentresearch is to identify the prominent concerns in this area and hence themeasures that can enhance the quality of power. This paper investigates theproblems of voltage sag, swell and its severe impact on nonlinear loads,sensitive loads.
A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTAT...ijtsrd
As demand for electricity has risen exponentially, power production and transmission are affected by scarce energy, environmental constraints and other losses. Soft computing methods to fix the sag, swell and disruption of the supply voltage in the distributed device. At present, a broad variety of highly versatile controls that leverage on newly available power electronics components are evolving for custom power applications. Control electronic equipment intended to improve the stability and efficiency of electricity flows in low voltage distribution networks. The control algorithm is used to derive the fundamental weighted value of the active and reactive power components. Using a digital signal processor, DSTATCOM is built and its output as a DSTATCOM is found to be satisfactory for different types of loads. Amit Radhakrishna Parhad | Pramod Kumar Rathore "A Review on Optimization Techniques for Power Quality Improvement using DSTATCOM (Neural Network Approach)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42403.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electrical-engineering/42403/a-review-on-optimization-techniques-for-power-quality-improvement-using-dstatcom-neural-network-approach/amit-radhakrishna-parhad
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on IJERD after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development publishes papers online as well as provide hard copy of Journal to authors after publication of paper. It is intended to serve as a forum for researchers, practitioners and developers to exchange ideas and results for the advancement of Engineering & Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Simulation of D-STATCOM to study Voltage Stability in Distribution systemijsrd.com
This paper presents the simulation of D-statcom to understand the improvement of voltage stability [1] of distribution system. The power circuits of the D-STATCOM and distribution networks are made up of simpower system blocks, while the control circuits made with the simulink blocks The STATCOM is applied to regulate transmission voltage to allow greater power flow in a voltage limited transmission network, in the same manner as a static var compensator (SVC), the STATCOM has further potential by giving an inherently faster response and greater output to a system with depressed voltage and offers improved quality of supply. The main applications of the STATCOM are; Distribution STATCOM (D-STATCOM) exhibits high speed control of reactive power to provide voltage stabilization and other type of system control. The DSTATCOM protects the utility transmission or distribution system from voltage sag and /or flicker caused by rapidly varying reactive current demand. During the transient conditions the D-STATCOM provides leading or lagging reactive power to active system stability, power factor correction and load balancing.
Simulation and Comparison of DVR and DSTATCOM Used for voltage sag mitigation...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power Quality problem in a system leads to various disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, transients and waveform distortions that results in a mis-operation or a failure of end user equipment. There are different types of custom power devices like Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which can effectively use for mitigation of different type of power quality problems. This paper describes the technique of correcting the supply voltage sag distributed system and also describes performance comparison are presented between DVR and DSTATCOM to know how both the devices successfully been applied to power system for regulating system voltage effectively. DSTATCOM and DVR both of them based on VSI principle. A DVR is a series compensation device which injects a voltage in series with system and a DSTATCOM is a shunt compensation device which injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. This paper presents a power system operation with PI controller with abc to dq0 convertor approach. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the system with and without compensation. Results are presented to assess the performance of devices as a potential custom power solution. Improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. This paper presents modeling and simulation of DVR & DSTATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink.
Power Quality Improvement Using Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Based D...IJERA Editor
Cascaded multilevel configuration of the inverter has the advantage of its simplicity and modularity over the
configurations of the diode-clamped and flying capacitor multilevel inverters. This paper presents a threephase,
five-level and seven level cascaded multilevel voltage source inverter based active filter for power line
conditioning to improve power quality in the distribution network. The DSTATCOM helps to improve the
power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) drawn from a Non-Liner Diode Rectifier
Load (NLDRL). The compensation process is based on concept of p-q theory. A CHB Inverter is considered for
shunt compensation of a 11 kV distribution system. Finally a level shifted PWM (LSPWM) and phase shifted
PWM (PSPWM) techniques are adopted to investigate the performance of CHB Inverter. The results are
obtained through Matlab/Simulink software package.
1.compensation of reactive power using d statcom in grid interfaced pv systemEditorJST
This paper displays the upgrade of voltage droops, Harmonic mutilation and low power figure utilizing Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) with LCL Passive Filter in Distribution Framework. At whatever point there is an entrance of photovoltaic cell energy to the low voltage appropriated matrix, there happen the issue of confuse in voltage and recurrence in the system, maybe brought on by non-direct loads, creating music. The model depends on the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) guideline. The D-STATCOM infuses a current into the framework to alleviate the voltage lists. LCL Passive Filter Was then added to D-STATCOM to enhance symphonies bending and low power figure. The reproductions were performed utilizing MATLAB SIMULINK.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Improved Power Quality by using STATCOM Under Various Loading ConditionsIJMTST Journal
A Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that
results in a failure or a mis-operation of end user equipment’s. Utility distribution networks, sensitive
industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service
interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. With the restructuring of power systems and with
shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation, the issue of power quality is going to take
newer dimensions. Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The
performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements
and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission
standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality
measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical
behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines.
Static Compensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage
system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the
real power source under fluctuating wind power. Here two control schemes for STATCOM are Fuzzy logic
controller and hybrid Fuzzy logic controller. We can better response for hybrid fuzzy compare to fuzzy logic
controller. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power
quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. Finally the proposed
scheme is applied for both balanced and unbalanced linear nonlinear loads.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Similar to Design modelling and Simulation of DSTATCOM for distribution lines for power quality improvement (20)
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
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This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
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My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
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Design modelling and Simulation of DSTATCOM for distribution lines for power quality improvement
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Design, Modeling & Simulation of DSTATCOM for Distribution Lines for Power
Quality Improvement
B.V.Rajanna1
, Rami Reddy CH2
, Dr.K.Harinadha Reddy3
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, K.L. University, Guntur, A.P, India
1
bv.rajanna@gmail.com, 2
crreddy229@gmail.com, 3
kadapa.hari@gmail.com
Abstract- A Power quality problem is an occurrence
manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency
that results in a failure or a mis-operation of end user
equipments. Utility distribution networks, sensitive
industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer
from various types of outages and service interruptions
which can cost significant financial losses. With the
restructuring of power systems and with shifting trend
towards distributed and dispersed generation, the issue of
power quality is going to take newer dimensions. In
developing countries like India, where the variation of
power frequency and many such other determinants of
power quality are themselves a serious question, it is very
vital to take positive steps in this direction .This paper
presents a study on the modeling of a STATCOM (Static
Synchronous Compensator) used for reactive power
compensation on a distribution network. This paper deals
with the simulation of distribution static synchronous
compensator (DSTATCOM) for improving power quality of
a distribution system feeding linear as well as non-linear
loads. Nowadays, there are an increasing number of non-
linear loads which inject harmonics into the system. A
three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor- (IGBT-)
based current controlled voltage source inverter with a DC
bus capacitor known as a DSTATCOM is used for power
factor correction, harmonic compensation and for providing
required reactive power to the load. A model of
DSTATCOM connected to a power distribution system
feeding linear and non-linear loads (diode bridge rectifier
with R and R-C) is developed for predicting the behavior of
system under transient conditions. Simulation is carried out
in standard MATLAB environment using Simulink and
power system blockset toolboxes. Finally the performance of
DSTATCOM under various fault conditions is investigated.
Keywords- D-STATCOM, Voltage Sags, Voltage Source
Converter (VSC).
I. INTRODUCTION
One of the most common power quality problems
today is voltage dips. A voltage dip is a short time (10 ms to
1 minute) event during which a reduction in r.m.s voltage
magnitude occurs [1-2]. It is often set only by two
parameters, depth/magnitude and duration. The voltage dip
magnitude is ranged from 10% to 90% of nominal voltage
(which corresponds to 90% to 10% remaining voltage) and
with a duration from half a cycle to 1 min. In a three-phase
system a voltage dip is by nature a three-phase
phenomenon, which affects both the phase-to-ground and
phase-to-phase voltages [3]. A voltage dip is caused by a
fault in the utility system, a fault within the customer’s
facility or a large increase of the load current, like starting a
motor or transformer energizing [4]. Typical faults are
single-phase or multiple-phase short circuits, which leads to
high currents. The high current results in a voltage drop over
the network impedance. At the fault location the voltage in
the faulted phases drops close to zero, whereas in the non-
faulted phases it remains more or less unchanged.
Voltage dips are one of the most occurring power
quality problems [5-10]. Off course, for an industry an
outage is worse, than a voltage dip, but voltage dips occur
more often and cause severe problems and economical
losses. Utilities often focus on disturbances from end-user
equipment as the main power quality problems [11]. This is
correct for many disturbances, flicker, harmonics, etc., but
voltage dips mainly have their origin in the higher voltage
levels. Faults due to lightning, is one of the most common
causes to voltage dips on overhead lines [12]. If the
economical losses due to voltage dips are significant,
mitigation actions can be profitable for the customer and
even in some cases for the utility. Since there is no standard
solution which will work for every site, each mitigation
action must be carefully planned and evaluated. There are
different ways to mitigate voltage dips, swell and
interruptions in transmission and distribution systems [13].
At present, a wide range of very flexible controllers, which
capitalize on newly available power electronics components,
are emerging for custom power applications [3, 4, 14].
Among these, the distribution static compensator and the
dynamic voltage restorer are most effective devices, both of
them based on the VSC principle [15-20].
STATCOM is often used in transmission system.
When it is used in distribution system, it is called D-
STATCOM ( STATCOM in Distribution system). D-
STATCOM is a key FACTS controller and it utilizes power
electronics to solve many power quality problems [21-24]
commonly faced by distribution systems. Potential
applications of D-STATCOM include power factor
correction, voltage regulation, load balancing and harmonic
reduction. Comparing with the SVC, the D-STATCOM has
quicker response time and compact structure. It is expected
that the D-STATCOM will replace the roles of SVC in
nearly future D-STATCOM and STATCOM are different in
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both structure and function [25-28], while the choice of
control strategy is related to the main-circuit structure and
main function of compensators [3], so D-STATCOM and
STATCOM adopt different control strategy. At present, the
use of STATCOM is wide and its strategy is mature, while
the introduction of D-STATCOM is seldom reported [29].
Many control techniques are reported such as instantaneous
reactive power theory (Akagi et al., 1984), power balance
theory, etc. In this paper, an indirect current control
technique (Singh et al., 2000a,b) is employed to obtain
gating signals for the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
(IGBT) devices used in current controlled voltage source
inverter (CC-VSI) working as a DSTATCOM [30]. A
model of DSTATCOM is developed using MATLAB for
investigating the transient analysis of distribution system
under balanced/unbalanced linear and non-linear three-
phase and single-phase loads (diode rectifier with R and R-
C load). Simulation results during steady-state and transient
operating conditions of the DSTATCOM are presented and
discussed to demonstrate power factor correction, harmonic
elimination and load balancing capabilities of the
DSTATCOM system [31-34].
II. DISTRIBUTION STATIC COMPENSATOR (D-STATCOM)
2.1 Principle of DSTATCOM
A D-STATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator), which
is schematically depicted in Fig.1, consists of a two-level
Voltage Source Converter (VSC), a dc energy storage
device, a coupling transformer connected in shunt to the
distribution network through a coupling transformer. The
VSC converts the dc voltage across the storage device into a
set of three-phase ac output voltages. These voltages are in
phase and coupled with the ac system through the reactance
of the coupling transformer. Suitable adjustment of the
phase and magnitude of the D-STATCOM output voltages
allows effective control of active and reactive power
exchanges between the DSTATCOM and the ac system.
Such configuration allows the device to absorb or generate
controllable active and reactive power.
The VSC connected in shunt with the ac system provides
a multifunctional topology which can be used for up to three
quite distinct purposes:
1. Voltage regulation and compensation of reactive power;
2. Correction of power factor; and
3. Elimination of current harmonics.
Here, such device is employed to provide continuous
voltage regulation using an indirectly controlled converter.
Figure. 1: DSTATCOM
Fig. 1 the shunt injected current Ish corrects the voltage sag
by adjusting the voltage drop across the system impedance
Zth. The value of Ish can be controlled by adjusting the
output voltage of the converter. The shunt injected current
Ish can be written as,
Ish = IL – IS = IL – ( Vth – VL ) / Zth (1)
Ish /_η = IL /_- θ
The complex power injection of the D-STATCOM can be
expressed as,
Ssh = VL Ish
*
(2)
It may be mentioned that the effectiveness of the
DSTATCOM in correcting voltage sag depends on the value
of Zth or fault level of the load bus. When the shunt injected
current Ish is kept in quadrature with VL, the desired
voltage correction can be achieved without injecting any
active power into the system. On the other hand, when the
value of Ish is minimized, the same voltage correction can
be achieved with minimum apparent power injection into
the system.
2.2 Voltage Source Converter (VSC)
A voltage-source converter is a power electronic
device that connected in shunt or parallel to the system. It
can generate a sinusoidal voltage with any required
magnitude, frequency and phase angle. The VSC used to
either completely replace the voltage or to inject the
‘missing voltage’. The ‘missing voltage’ is the difference
between the nominal voltage and the actual. It also converts
the DC voltage across storage devices into a set of three
phase AC output voltages [8, 9]. In addition, D-STATCOM
is also capable to generate or absorbs reactive power. If the
output voltage of the VSC is greater than AC bus terminal
voltages, D-STATCOM is said to be in capacitive mode. So,
it will compensate the reactive power through AC system
and regulates missing voltages. These voltages are in phase
and coupled with the AC system through the reactance of
coupling transformers. Suitable adjustment of the phase and
magnitude of the DSTATCOM output voltages allows
effectives control of active and reactive power exchanges
between D-STATCOM and AC system. In addition, the
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converter is normally based on some kind of energy storage,
which will supply the converter with a DC voltage [10].
2.3 Controller for DSTATCOM
The three-phase reference source currents are computed
using three-phase AC voltages (vta, vtb and vtc) and DC bus
voltage (Vdc) of DSTATCOM. These reference supply
currents consist of two components, one in-phase (Ispdr) and
another in quadrature (Ispqr) with the supply voltages. The
control scheme is represented in Fig. 2. The basic equations
of control algorithm of DSTATCOM are as follows.
2.3.1 Computation of in-phase components of
reference supply current
The instantaneous values of in-phase component of
reference supply currents (Ispdr) is computed using one PI
controller over the average value of DC bus voltage of the
DSTATCOM (vdc) and reference DC voltage (vdcr) as
( ) = ( ) + ( ) − ( ) + ( )
(3) where Vde(n) = Vdcc-Vdcn) denotes the error in Vdcc and
average value of Vdc Kpd and Kid are proportional and
integral gains of the DC bus voltage PI controller. The
output of this PI controller (Ispdr) is taken as amplitude of in-
phase component of the reference supply currents. Three-
phase in-phase components of the reference supply currents
(isadr, isbdr and iscdr) are computed using the in-phase unit
current vectors (ua, ub and uc) derived from the AC terminal
voltages (vtan, vtbn and vtcn), respectively.
= , = , = ⁄⁄⁄ (4)
where Vtm is amplitude of the supply voltage and it is
computed as
= (2 3⁄ )( + + )! ⁄
The instantaneous values of in-phase component of
reference supply currents (isadr, isbdr and iscdr) are computed as
"# = # , "# = # , "# = #
2.3.1 Computation of quadrature components of
reference supply current
The amplitude of quadrature component of reference supply
currents is computed using a second PI controller over the
amplitude of supply voltage (vtm) and its reference value
(vtmr)
$ ( ) = $ ( ) + $ # ( ) − # ( ) + $ # ( )
(5)
whereVac= Vtmc-Vmc(n) denotes the error in Vtmc and
computed value Vtmn from Equation (3) and Kpqand Kiq
are the proportional and integral gains of the second PI
controller.
% = &− + ' (3) ⁄
⁄
% = (3) ⁄
+ − 2(3) ⁄
(
% = − (3) ⁄
+ − 2(3) ⁄
( (6)
Three-phase quadrature components of the reference supply
currents (isaqr, isbqr and iscqr) are computed using the output of
second PI controller (Ispqr) and quadrature unit current
vectors (wa, wb and wc ) as
"# $ = # $ , "# $ = # $ , "# $ = # $
Figure. 2: Control method for DSTATCOM
2.3 Computation of total reference supply currents
Three-phase instantaneous reference supply currents (isar, isbr
and iscr) are computed by adding in-phase (isadr, isbdr and iscdr)
and quadrature components of supply currents (isaqr, isbqr and
iscqr) as
"# = " + " $ , "# = " + " $ , "# = " + " $
A hysteresis pulse width modulated (PWM) current
controller is employed over the reference (isar, isbr and iscr)
and sensed supply currents (isa, isb and isc) to generate gating
pulses for IGBTs of DSTATCOM.
2.4 Design of Single H-Bridge Cell
1. Device Current
The IGBT and DIODE currents can be obtained
from the load current by multiplying with the corresponding
duty cycles. Duty cycle, d = ½(1+Kmsinωt), Where, m =
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modulation index K = +1 for IGBT, -1 for Diode. For a load
current given by
Iph = √2 I sin (wt – ф) (7)
Then the device current can be written as follows.
∴ " * =
√
sin(/0 − ∅)2 (1 + 45 sin /0) (8)
The average value of the device current over a cycle is
calculated as
" *6 =
1
27
8
√2
2
sin(/0 − ∅)2 (1 + 45 sin /0) 9/0
:;<
<
=√2 =
:
+
>
6
cos AB (9)
The device RMS current can be written as
" #
= C 8
1
27
(√2 sin( /0 − ∅)) 2
1
2
2 ((1 + 45 sin /0) 9/0)
:;<
<
= √2 D6
+
>
E:
cos A (10)
B IGBT Loss Calculation
IGBT loss can be calculated by the sum of switching loss
and conduction loss. The conduction loss can be calculated
by,
Pon (IGBT) = Vceo * Iavg (igbt) + I2
rms (igbt) * rceo (11)
*6 ( 6 ) = √2 =
:
+
6
FGHAB (12)
# ( 6 ) = √2 D=6
+
E:
FGHAB (13)
Values of Vceo and rceo at any junction temperature can be
obtained from the output characteristics (Ic vs. Vce) of the
IGBT as shown in Fig .3.
Figure. 3: IGBT output characteristics
The switching losses are the sum of all turn-on and turn-off
energies at the switching events
Esw = Eon + Eoff = a + bI + cI2
(14)
Assuming the linear dependence, switching energy
Esw = (a + bI + cI2
) *
IJK
ILMN
(15)
Here VDC is the actual DC-Link voltage and Vnom is the DC-
Link Voltage at which Esw is given. Switching losses are
calculated by summing up the switching energies.
O#P =
QR
Σ T#P(") (16)
Here ‘n’ depends on the switching frequency.
Psw =
QR
Σ (U + V + F ) =
QR
= +
W
:
+
WX
Y
B (17)
After considering the DC-Link voltage variations, switching
losses of the IGBT can be written as follows.
Psw (IGBT) = fsw = +
W
:
+
WX
Y
B ∗
IJK
ILM[
(18)
So, the sum of conduction and switching losses is the total
losses given by
PT (IGBT) = Pon (IGBT) + Psw (IGBT) (19)
Vceo
rceo
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C Diode Loss Calculation
The DIODE switching losses consist of its reverse recovery
losses; the turn-on losses are negligible.
Erec = a + bI + cI2
(20)
Psw (DIODE) = fsw = +
W
:
+
WX
Y
B ∗
IJK
ILM[
(21)
So, the sum of conduction and switching losses gives the
total DIODE looses.
PT (DIODE) = Pon (DIODE) + Psw (DIODE) (22)
The total loss per one switch (IGBT+DIODE) is the sum of
one IGBT and DIODE loss.
PT = PT (IGBT) + Psw (DIODE) (23)
D. Thermal Calculations
The junction temperatures of the IGBT and DIODE are
calculated based on the device power losses and thermal
resistances. The thermal resistance equivalent circuit for a
module is shown in Fig 4. In this design the thermal
calculations are started with heat sink temperature as the
reference temperature. So, the case temperature from the
model can be written as follows.
Tc = PT Rth (c-h) + Th (24)
Here Rth(c-h) = Thermal resistance between case and heat
sink
PT = Total Power Loss (IGBT + DIODE) (25)
IGBT junction temperature is the sum of the case
temperature and temperature raise due to the power losses in
the IGBT.
Tj (IGBT) = PT (IGBT) Rth (j-c) IGBT + Tc (26)
The DIODE junction temperature is the sum of the case
temperature and temperature raise due to the power losses in
the DIODE.
Tj (DIODE) = PT (DIODE) Rth (j-c) DIODE + Tc (27)
The above calculations are done based on the average power
losses computed over a cycle. So, the corresponding thermal
calculation gives the average junction temperature. In order
to make the calculated values close to the actual values,
transient temperature values are to be added to the average
junction temperatures.
Figure. 4: Thermal resistance equivalent circuit
E. DC-Capacitor Selection
The required capacitance for each cell depends
on the allowable ripple voltage and the load current. The
rms ripple current flowing into the capacitor can be written
as follows and the ripple current frequency is double the
load current frequency.
Figure. 5 H-Bridge converter
IGBT DIODE
Case
Heat-Sink
Ambient
Rth(j-c)IGBT
C
J
a
Rth(j-c)DIODE
Rth(c-h)
Rth(h-a)
h
PT
PT(DIODE)
PT(IGBT)
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= −
I]
(|_ | ∗ 4 + /`) sin(2/0) (28)
Since the value of ‘L’ is very small, the above equation can
be simplified to
= −
I]
(|_ | ∗ 4) sin(2/0) (29)
= −4
|ab]|
I]
∗ sin(2/0) = −4 sin(2/0) (30)
Here ‘m’ is the modulation index and
= c
dee
; √2= C2w*ΔV Vdc
III. MATAB/SIMULINK MODELING OF DSTATCOM
3.1 Modeling of Power Circuit
Figure. 6: Matlab/Simulink model of DSTATCOM Power
Circuit
Fig. 6 shows the complete MATLAB model of
DSTATCOM along with control circuit. The power circuit
as well as control system are modelled using Power System
Blockset and Simulink. The grid source is represented by
three-phase AC source. Three-phase AC loads are
connected at the load end. DSTATCOM is connected in
shunt and it consists of PWM voltage source inverter circuit
and a DC capacitor connected at its DC bus. An IGBT-
based PWM inverter is implemented using Universal bridge
block from Power Electronics subset of PSB. Snubber
circuits are connected in parallel with each IGBT for
protection. Simulation of DSTATCOM system is carried out
for linear and non-linear loads. The linear load on the
system is modelled using the block three-phase parallel R-L
load connected in delta configuration. The non-linear load
on the system is modelled using R and R-C circuits
connected at output of the diode rectifier. Provision is made
to connect loads in parallel so that the effect of sudden load
addition and removal is studied. The feeder connected from
the three-phase source to load is modelled using appropriate
values of resistive and inductive components.
3.1 Modeling of Control Circuit
Figure below shows the control algorithm of
DSTATCOM with two PI controllers. One PI controller
regulates the DC link voltage while the second PI controller
regulates the terminal voltage at PCC. The in-phase
components of DSTATCOM reference currents are
responsible for power factor correction of load and the
quadrature components of supply reference currents are to
regulate the AC system voltage at PCC.
The output of PI controller over the DC bus voltage (Ispdr) is
considered as the amplitude of the in-phase component of
supply reference currents and the output of PI controller
over AC terminal voltage (Ispqr) is considered as the
amplitude of the quadrature component of supply reference
currents. The instantaneous reference currents (isar, isbr and
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iscr) are obtained by adding the in-phase supply reference
currents (isadr, isbdr and iscdr) and quadrature supply reference
currents (isaqr, isbqr and iscqr). Once the reference supply
currents are generated, a carrierless hysteresis PWM
controller is employed over the sensed supply currents (isa,
isb and isc) and instantaneous reference currents (isar, isbr and
iscr) to generate gating pulses to the IGBTs of DSTATCOM.
The controller controls the DSTATCOM currents to
maintain supply currents in a band around the desired
reference current values. The hysteresis controller generates
appropriate switching pulses for six IGBTs of the VSI
working as DSTATCOM.
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
Here Simulation results are presented for four
cases. In case one load is linear RL load, in case two non
linear R load, in case three non linear RC load, and in case
four we have considered line disturbance like single line to
ground fault (SLG), without DSTATCOM and with
DSTATCOM.
4.1 Case one
Performance of DSTATCOM connected to a weak
supply system is shown in Fig.6 for power factor correction
and load balancing. This figure shows variation of
performance variables such as supply voltages (vsa, vsb and
vsc), terminal voltages at PCC (vta, vtb and vtc), supply
currents (isa, isb and isc), load currents (ila, ilb and ilc),
DSTATCOM currents (ica, icb and icc) and DC link voltage
(Vdc) for load changes from 36 kW (three-phase) to two-
phase (24 kW) to single-phase (12 kW) to two-phase (24
kW) to three-phase (36 kW). The response shows that
DSTATCOM balances unbalanced loads either of single-
phase or two-phase type and improves the power factor of
AC source to unity under varying load. Supply currents (isa,
isb and isc), compensator currents (ica, icb and icc) and DC bus
voltage (vdc) settle to steady-state values within a cycle for
any type of change in load.
Figure. 7: Simulation results for linear RL Load
Figure. 8: Simulation results power factor for linear RL
Load
4.2 Case two
Balanced three-phase non-linear load is represented
by three-phase uncontrolled diode bridge rectifier with pure
resistive load at its DC bus. Fig. 9 shows the transient
responses of distribution system with DSTATCOM for
supply voltages (vsabc), supply currents (isabc), load currents
(ila, ilb and ilc), DSTATCOM currents (ica, icb and icc) along
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with DC link voltage (Vdc) and its reference value (Vdcr) at
rectifier nonlinear load.
Figure. 9: Simulation results Non-linear R Load
At t = 0.16 sec, the DC load resistance is changed from 15
to 10 ohm to increase the loading thereby the power
absorbed changes from 21 to 30 kW. Consequently, load,
supply and DSTATCOM currents increase to provide
demanded active and reactive power to the load. The
increased load on the rectifier reflects in the form of
undershoot in DC link voltage. At t = 0.26 sec, the load
resistance is changed back to 15ohm and an overshoot is
observed now, which settles down within a few cycles due
to action of PI controller. Results show that the supply
currents are balanced, sinusoidal and in-phase with the
supply voltages.
4.3 Case three
Fig. 10 shows, the transient waveforms of all
performance variables of distribution system with
DSTATCOM supplying R-C load at the terminal of diode
bridge rectifier. At t = 0.55 sec, DC link resistance of load is
changed from 15 to 7.5ohm . The load has increased from
20 kW to 40 kW. It is observed that the DC bus voltage of
DSTATCOM regulates itself at its reference value and thus
a self-supporting DC bus is obtained. The supply currents
are sinusoidal even though the load currents are non-linear
in nature.
Figure. 10: Simulation results Non-linear RC Load
4.4 Case four
Fig. 11 shows RMS value of line voltage. Here at
t=0.2 sec a SLG fault is created the line voltage fall from1
P.U to 0.78 P.U. Fig. 12 shows the RMS value of line
voltage with DSTATCOM. Here at t=0.2 sec a SLG fault is
created the line voltage fall from1 P.U to 0.98 P.U.
Figure. 11: PCC voltage without DSTATCOM during LG
fault
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Figure. 12: PCC voltage with DSTATCOM during LG fault
V. CONCLUSION
DSTATCOM system is an efficient mean for mitigation
of PQ disturbances introduced to the grid by DERs.
DSTATCOM compensator is a flexible device which can
operate in current control mode for compensating voltage
variation, unbalance and reactive power and in voltage
control mode as a voltage stabilizer. The latter feature
enables its application for compensation of dips coming
from the supplying network. The simulation results show
that the performance of DSTATCOM system has been
found to be satisfactory for improving the power quality at
the consumer premises. DSTATCOM control algorithm is
flexible and it has been observed to be capable of correcting
power factor to unity, eliminate harmonics in supply
currents and provide load balancing. It is also able to
regulate voltage at PCC. The control algorithm of
DSTATCOM has an inherent property to provide a self-
supporting DC bus of DSTATCOM. It has been found that
the DSTATCOM system reduces THD in the supply
currents for non-linear loads. Rectifier-based non-linear
loads generated harmonics are eliminated by DSTATCOM.
When single-phase rectifier loads are connected,
DSTATCOM currents balance these unbalanced load
currents. The simulation results show that the voltage sags
can be mitigate by inserting D-STATCOM to the
distribution system. The same analysis can be carried out for
Double Line to Ground (DLG) fault and Three Line to
Ground (TLG) fault also.
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