Distemper, adhesives
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This document discusses distempers and adhesives. It defines distempers as water-based paints used for masonry walls made by mixing whiting and glue boiled in water. It provides tips for applying distempers, such as ensuring a dry, smooth surface. Adhesives are defined as substances that bind surfaces together and can be used as substitutes for welding. Various types of adhesives are described, including glues derived from animals or plants as well as synthetic resins that are either thermosetting or thermoplastic.
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MORTAR BUILDING MATERIALS
Mortar is a workable paste used to bind construction blocks together and fill gaps. It is typically made of sand, a binder like cement or lime, and water. Mortar hardens after setting to form a rigid structure. Different types of mortar are used depending on the binder, intended use, and required properties. Cement mortar provides high strength and is used for load-bearing walls. Lime mortar is used above ground, while mud mortar is a cheaper option for ordinary buildings. Special mortars include fire-resistant, lightweight, and sound absorbing varieties.
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The document discusses flooring materials and their properties. It provides information on various types of flooring materials including ceramic tiles, marble, terrazzo tiles, and vitrified tiles. For each material, it describes the manufacturing process, characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, common uses, and costs. Ceramic tiles are made from clay, sand and other natural materials that are fired at high temperatures. Marble is a natural stone that comes in various colors and grades. Terrazzo involves pouring a composite material that is ground and polished smooth. Vitrified tiles are made through a process that makes them non-porous and highly durable.
Plastering
Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. In English "plaster" usually means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to external applications. Another imprecise term used for the material is stucco, which is also often used for plasterwork that is ...
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Paint is a liquid composition that forms a solid film after application. It has pigments, a binder, additives, and a solvent. The main functions of paint are to give attractive colors, protect surfaces from weathering, and decorate structures. There are several types of paints including oil paints, emulsion paints, synthetic paints, and varnishes. Proper surface preparation and application techniques help ensure a high quality paint job.
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Timber comes from wood obtained from trees and is suitable for construction and other purposes. There are two main types of trees - exogenous and endogenous - with exogenous trees like conifers and deciduous trees most suitable for engineering. Timber has a macro structure visible to the eye like the pith, heartwood, and sapwood, as well as a micro structure only visible at high magnifications. Seasoning removes sap from fresh timber to make it stronger, lighter, and more durable. Common seasoning methods include natural, kiln, chemical and water seasoning. Timber is used widely in construction and manufacturing and can be preserved from damage using treatments like tar, paints, and chemical salts.
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Removal of loose soil:
About 30 cm depth contains a lot of impurities
like organic matter and hence
it should be taken out and thrown away.
Digging, spreading and cleaning:
The earth is then dug out from the ground.
This earth is spread into heaps
about 50 to 150 cm height.
Weathering:
The earth is then exposed to atmosphere for softening.
The period may be Of
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When moulding is done with hand it is called hand moulding.
A wooden rectangular mould made in the shape of a brick is normally used for this purpose.
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contain 7 to 30 percent moisture, depending upon the
forming method.
most of this water is evaporated in dryer chambers
temperatures about 100 ºF to 400 ºF (38 ºC to 204 ºC).
time, is between 24 to 48 hours.
Heat and humidity must be carefully regulated to avoid cracking in the brick.
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Highly inefficient & labor-intensive.
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bricks may be made from type of material .
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2) Moulding is done by hand or machine to form bricks which are then dried for several days.
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properties,Manufacturing, types and features of bricks
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Definition of bricks
properties of bricks
types of bricks
features of bricks
How bricks are made
Preparation of brick earth
Moulding of bricks
Drying of bricks
Burning of bricks
PREPARATION OF BRICK EARTH
Removal of loose soil:
About 30 cm depth contains a lot of impurities
like organic matter and hence
it should be taken out and thrown away.
Digging, spreading and cleaning:
The earth is then dug out from the ground.
This earth is spread into heaps
about 50 to 150 cm height.
Weathering:
The earth is then exposed to atmosphere for softening.
The period may be Of
few weeks to a season.
Hand moulding
When moulding is done with hand it is called hand moulding.
A wooden rectangular mould made in the shape of a brick is normally used for this purpose.
Machine moulding
The clay is placed in the machine, it comes out through the opening Under pressure.
It is cut to bricks by steel wires fixed into frames.
These bricks are also called wire cut bricks.
DRYING OF BRICKS
contain 7 to 30 percent moisture, depending upon the
forming method.
most of this water is evaporated in dryer chambers
temperatures about 100 ºF to 400 ºF (38 ºC to 204 ºC).
time, is between 24 to 48 hours.
Heat and humidity must be carefully regulated to avoid cracking in the brick.
BURNING OF BRICKS
INTERMITTENT KILN
Highly inefficient & labor-intensive.
Use coal + scavenged fuels
Most common, most primitive, most polluting
Temporary Structures
High Alumina Bricks High alumina bricks from 50% up to 90% alumina
Various selected superior grade aggregates to meet the various service conditions of various types of furnaces like laddie, blast furnace, cement and sponge iron rotary kiln.
Concrete Bricks
These bricks have either pale green or gray color.
these are prepared from a small, dry aggregate concrete which is formed in steel molds by using vibration and compaction.
Fire Brick
A Fire brick is a block of ceramic material
used in masonry construction and sized to be layer with one hand using mortar.
bricks may be made from type of material .
these are built primarily to withstand high heat and also find applications in extreme mechanical, chemical, or thermal stresses.
the brick is widely used as refractory insulating bricks for maintaining insistent temperature.
Light Weight Hollow Blocks
This blocks are used in construction of houses in earthquake prone areas.
These bricks are made of fly ash, cement, lime, gypsum, stone dust etc.
available in different sizes.
hollow concrete blocks is used as substitute for conventional bricks or stones used in construction of buildings. and the blocks' importmant feature
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The document summarizes the key steps in manufacturing bricks:
1) Preparation of clay involves removing topsoil, digging clay, cleaning impurities, weathering, blending ingredients, and tempering clay in a pug mill.
2) Moulding is done by hand or machine to form bricks which are then dried for several days.
3) Bricks are burned in clamps or kilns to harden them, with the burning process taking 1-2 months.
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This document summarizes different types of pointing used in masonry, including flush, keyed or grooved, recessed, weathered, V-pointing, beaded, tuck, and struck pointing. It also discusses common paints used for protection and appearance, including their composition, properties, defects, and application process. Key components of paints listed are the body, vehicle, pigment, thinner, and dryers. The document concludes with describing characteristics of good varnishes and the steps for painting woodwork and applying enamel paint.
PRESENTATION ON PAINT
This document provides information on different types of paints and their composition. It discusses 7 main categories of paint: oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, cellulose paints, varnishes, water paints (distemper), and special paints. It describes the composition and uses of different types of paints like oil paints, synthetic paints, emulsion paints, etc. The document also covers painting techniques like brush painting and spray painting, and common painting defects like bleeding, blistering, blooming, and methods to prevent or remedy them.
Paints(defects) and distempers
1. Paints and distempers are used for interior and exterior works of buildings. Paints provide a decorative and durable finish while distempers are water-based paints made from chalk, glue, and resin or acrylic binder.
2. Common paint defects include cratering, dust/nibs, orange peel, sagging, and poor opacity. Their causes relate to application issues, materials, and environmental conditions. Defects can be remedied through sanding, re-application of paint, or adjustments to the application process.
3. Enamel paint produces a hard, glossy finish and is made by adding varnish to oil-based paint. It is suitable for wood
Varnishes
Varnish is a protective clear finish made from plant resins and solvents that is applied to wood and other surfaces. It enhances the natural grain and protects from environmental damage like water, abrasion, and UV rays. There are different types of varnishes classified by their resin and solvent composition, including oil, spirit, turpentine and water varnishes. A good varnish dries quickly to a hard, durable and weather-resistant film without cracking or hiding the wood grain. Common ingredients are resins like copal and shellac, solvents like linseed oil, turpentine and alcohol, and metallic driers that accelerate the drying process.
Paints
Paints are used to protect surfaces from weathering and corrosion and improve appearance. They contain a base, carrier, pigments, and other additives. The base provides the body, the carrier helps spread the base and allows coloring from pigments. Common bases include zinc white and lead, and common carriers include water, linseed oil, and poppy oil. Additional components like fillers, solvents, and driers are added to provide bulk, spread the paint, and aid drying. Paints are classified into oil, plastic, cement, bituminous, water, and distemper paints. They serve to beautify, protect from corrosion and weathering, and make materials more durable. Good paint has
Plastering and pointing
1. Plastering is done for protection, smooth surfaces, decoration, and to conceal defects. Requirements include adhesion, affordability, hardness, and workability.
2. Common plaster types include sand faced, rough cast, pebbled dash, and smooth cast.
3. Defects can include blistering, cracking, efflorescence, flaking, peeling, and popping. Cracking is caused by structural issues or drying movements.
Distemper
1) El documento describe la etiología, epidemiología, patogénesis y manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad de distemper canino. 2) Es causado por un paramixovirus ARN que se transmite por contacto directo y aerosoles, con una incubación de 1-3 semanas. 3) Puede causar una enfermedad sistémica grave o complicaciones neurológicas como desmielinización del sistema nervioso central.
Distemper
Este documento describe la epidemiología y la historia natural del distemper canino. El agente causal es un morbilivirus que afecta principalmente a cachorros no vacunados entre los 2-6 meses de edad. La enfermedad puede ser subclínica o clínica con signos multisistémicos como fiebre, problemas respiratorios y digestivos, y en algunos casos afectación del sistema nervioso central. El tratamiento se enfoca en controlar la invasión bacteriana, mantener la hidratación y el bienestar del paciente, y controlar
Construction material paint & polish
The document discusses various types of wall and wood finishing materials and methods. It provides details on different types of paint, their composition and uses. It also describes various wood finishing options like transparent coatings, penetrating finishes and opaque finishes. Specific finishing products from companies like Asian Paints, DuPont and Setco Chemicals are outlined. Application techniques for wood finishes including stripping, sanding, staining and sealing are explained.
Paint
Paint is a solution or suspension of pigment in a binder that is applied as a thin layer to surfaces. It is used to protect, decorate, or add functionality to objects. Paint composition includes pigments for color, a binder that forms the film, solvents to control viscosity, and additives. There are various types of paints based on their application, such as enamel, lacquer, stain, and powder coating paints that are applied by methods like brushing, rolling, and spraying. Paint can fail if not applied or treated properly, and historical use of volatile organic compounds in paint was harmful, leading to the development of more environmentally friendly low- and zero-VOC paints.
Paints And its types
The document discusses different types of paints used for various surfaces. It classifies paints based on factors such as the base used like oil, alkyd, latex, epoxy paints. It also discusses classification based on properties and functions like distempers, emulsion paints, texture paints, cement paints, enamel paints, primers, sealers. The document provides details on composition of different paints and desirable characteristics of good paints like spreading power, durability, ease of application and resistance to weathering. It also lists common defects in paints like bleeding, blistering, cracking and methods to prevent them.
Civil engineering material bitumen
This document discusses bitumen, which is a black or dark brown material derived from petroleum that is used in civil engineering projects like roads and construction. It originates from natural asphalt deposits or is produced through refining crude oil, with the asphalt being the residue left over after distillation. The document outlines the basic refining process and lists some key engineering properties measured for bitumen like penetration value, softening point, and viscosity. It also provides details on common penetration grades available in India.
Termite proofing materials
This document discusses termite proofing materials and methods for controlling termites. It describes two main types of termites - subterranean termites, which require contact with soil and cause most building damage, and drywood termites, which live in wood and cause slower damage. Methods for controlling subterranean termites include applying termiticides to wood and foundations as well as using bait devices. Drywood termites can be controlled through wood treatment of limited infestations or structural fumigation of multiple colonies. The document also outlines pre-construction and post-construction termite treatment methods to protect buildings.
Plastering Process (Cement/Masonry/Finishing Layer)
Plastering process which involve plastering on brick walls. This paper explains the mono plastering process which involve only 1 layer of plaster, rather than the usual 3 layer of plaster.
If you find these presentation to be beneficial, I would like to welcome you to donate, and support my work in Cement & Concrete Industry. Donation can be made using the following currency/medium:
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pointing, plastering, bonding
What is pointing?
Scope of pointing
Method of pointing
What is plastering?
Objective of plastering
Lime plaster
Cement plaster
Gypsum plaster (plaster of Paris)
Water proof plaster of Mortar
Heat resistant plasters
Defects in plastering
1.Stretcher bond
2.Header bond
3.English bond and
4.Flemish bond.
Paints
This document discusses different types of paints, including cement paints and enamel paints. It provides details on the key ingredients in cement paints, which is a mixture of Portland or white cement, lime, mineral extenders, and water repellent substances. Cement paint provides protection from UV rays, severe weather, and prevents fungus/bacteria growth on masonry surfaces. Enamel paint has a hard, glossy and opaque finish and is made from white lead or zinc white ground in oil and mixed with petroleum spirit and resinous matter. It can be applied to woodwork, plastered surfaces, and iron/steel surfaces.
Different types of glasses
There are 12 main types of glasses used in construction including laminated glass, toughened glass, fusion glass, mirrors, etched glass, float glass, stained glass, beveled glass, figured glass, cast glass, frameless doors, and tinted glass. Each type has distinct properties like safety qualities, strength, clarity, coloration, or artistic effects. Laminated glass uses an interlayer to stay intact rather than shatter into sharp pieces when broken. Toughened glass similarly breaks into small cubes rather than shards.
Glass
Glass is produced by heating silica, lime, and soda or potash to over 10000C. Other ingredients like iron oxide and lead oxide are added to modify properties. Glass consists mainly of silica which is made fusible by alkaline mixtures. Potash makes glass infusible while soda accelerates fusion. Lime provides durability and toughness. Lead oxide adds color. Glass is classified as soda lime, lead, or boro-silicate based on composition. Special forms include sheet, plate, colored, wired, structural, laminated, bulletproof, fiber, foam, and flint glass. Glass has properties like shine, stability, insulation, and transparency and is used widely in construction, decoration, insulation,
Ceramics
The document discusses recent advances in all-ceramic dental materials. It describes the evolution of ceramics from early dentures to modern machinable ceramics and lists various classification systems. Key points include methods to strengthen porcelain like thermal tempering and transformation toughening, as well as minimizing stress through design. Specific ceramic systems are outlined, like aluminous core porcelain developed by McLean and Hughes in 1965 and In-Ceram, which uses a slip-casting technique to form green ceramic shapes.
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Plastering Process (Cement/Masonry/Finishing Layer)
Plastering Process (Cement/Masonry/Finishing Layer)
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Sustainable material catalogue
The document provides information on sustainable material options for various interior elements, including floor coverings, wall finishes, ceiling finishes, and furniture materials. It describes recycled glass tiles, sustainable cork flooring, coconut timber flooring, green concrete, natural woolen carpet, slate-ish wall finishes, natural clay plasters, eco stucco, coco tiles, sustainable paints, recycled ceiling tiles, bamboo ceiling tiles, stretch ceiling tiles, and crystal foldscape ceiling tiles. For each material, it highlights their sustainable attributes such as being made from recycled or renewable sources, having low VOC emissions, and providing indoor environmental benefits. Recommended product sources are also provided.
Adhesive manisha
The document discusses different types of adhesives, including natural adhesives like casein glue and animal glue, thermoplastic adhesives like polyvinyl acetate, thermosetting adhesives such as phenol formaldehyde and epoxy resin, and rubber adhesives. It provides details on the composition and uses of these various adhesives and discusses British standard classifications for adhesives.
Adhesive manisha
The document discusses different types of adhesives, including natural adhesives like casein and animal glues, thermoplastic adhesives like polyvinyl acetate, and thermosetting adhesives such as phenol formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde, and epoxy resins. It also covers the British Standards Institution (BSI) which tests products to confirm manufacturer claims and has a classification system for adhesives based on moisture resistance, gap filling ability, and general usage.
Hemp Shield Wood Finish and Deck Sealer
Hemp Shield Wood Finish and Deck Sealer have been providing the first hemp seed oil based wood finishes and deck sealers since its inception. All the products are known for ultra low toxicity and eco-friendly qualities. It is suitable for wooden decks, fences, stairs, siding, shutters, furniture and any other wood that is exposed to the weather. The unique features of hemp oil help in the preservation of the outdoor wood. It can be used for indoor furniture too as it does not have any hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) or fumes.
To give a beautiful look to your deck sealer, it is essential to find the best wood deck sealer and finish. A high-quality product should be used for a longer life of the wood. Moreover, for staining you can find different options available such as lightly tinted or solid color. Choose them wisely for a beautiful finish.
Uses of Coconut Fibre.pdf
The use of coconut substandard products has been gaining popularity due to its eco-friendliness and various benefits. In this article, we will explore the different use of coconut fibre.
https://thanhcongcraft.com/use-of-coconut-fibre/
Merits of c4 coated coconut cover crush block over aggregate block
1) The document describes an experiment comparing concrete blocks made with crushed coconut husk coated in different materials (wax, oil, glass coating) to traditional aggregate concrete blocks.
2) Water absorption tests found that coconut husk coated with glass had the lowest absorption rate at 2.7%, indicating it would perform best for strength.
3) Compressive strength tests of blocks at 7, 14, and 28 days found those made with glass-coated coconut husk had the highest strengths, followed by wax-coated and then regular coconut husk blocks, outperforming traditional aggregate blocks.
Natural adhesives
ARCHITECTURAL 4TH SEMESTER TOPIC, THATS HELPS IN UDERSTANDING OF ADHESIVES AND THERE USES, MARKET SRVEYS ARE THERE FROM INDIANMARTS THATS AVAILABLE ON INTERNET.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CONCRETE WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF AGRO WASTE...
This document discusses an experimental investigation on concrete with partial replacement of coconut shells as a coarse aggregate and wax curing. Coconut shells are an agricultural waste that is widely available in many tropical countries. The study involves casting concrete cubes with 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shells and curing the cubes with wax. The objectives are to encourage use of agricultural waste in construction, reduce use of natural resources, and evaluate the compressive strength of concrete made with coconut shell aggregate and wax curing at 7, 14, and 28 days.
Engineering materials
Paints are used to protect surfaces and improve appearance. They consist of a body, vehicle, pigment, thinner, and sometimes dryers or additives. Bodies form the paint film and include materials like zinc oxide or iron oxide. Vehicles allow the body and pigment to spread over surfaces and include oils like linseed oil. Pigments provide color. Thinners increase fluidity. Dryers quicken drying. Additives modify properties. Bitumen includes tar, pitch, and asphalt and is used for waterproofing and roads. Rubber can be natural or synthetic and is used for tires, flooring, and other applications. Good paint has properties like wearability, covering ability, and being environment
Polymer in paints
The document discusses polymers and other materials used in paints. It outlines several polymers commonly used as binders in paints including alkyd resins, vinyl and acrylic emulsions, acrylic paint, epoxy resins, and polyurethanes. It also discusses pigments, solvents, and the use of paints in various applications like kitchens, bedrooms, cars, roads, and underground storage.
chapter five impression compound.pptx
The document discusses impression materials and gypsum products used in dentistry. It defines impression materials as negative records of oral tissues used to create positive dental casts. Desirable properties include accuracy, strength, and compatibility. Common materials discussed are impression compound, zinc oxide-eugenol, and elastomeric materials. Gypsum products set from a fluid mix and are used to fabricate casts from impressions. Factors like water-powder ratio and temperature control setting times.
Green Building and Technology Unit 1
This document contains a syllabus covering eco-friendly building materials, indoor environmental quality, and the reuse and recycling of construction waste. It discusses various eco-friendly materials like earthen materials, engineered wood, bamboo, straw bale and their properties. It also covers indoor environmental quality factors like indoor air quality, lighting, acoustics and their importance for building occupants' health, comfort and productivity. Finally, it outlines strategies for reusing and recycling common construction waste materials like wood, asphalt, gypsum wallboard, metals and concrete.
Brief about Adhesives
The slides include the basic information about the adhesives which are necessary for a beginner to go in forward direction.
Project1 final essay
Fiber cement weatherboard is being used as a sustainable building material for constructing traditional chalets at Belum Rainforest Resort in Malaysia. It is composed of cement, sand, and cellulose fiber, which gives it properties of durability, fire resistance, and resistance to rotting. The chalets are being constructed using locally sourced materials to reduce environmental impact. Fiber cement weatherboard requires low maintenance, is reusable/recyclable, and provides benefits like termite resistance, safety, and easy installation. Using this material allows construction of buildings that conserve natural resources and have minimal negative effects on the environment.
NANEX BROCHURE eng
Nanex is an innovative company that develops protective coatings using nano technology. They have multiple product lines for cleaning and protecting different surfaces, including Clean & Coat for non-porous surfaces like glass and metal, Always Dry for absorbent surfaces like textiles and leather, and solvent-based formulas for wood and stone. The products combine nano polymers with solvents or water to penetrate materials on a molecular level, filling imperfections and creating hydrophobic, oleophobic, scratch resistant and self-cleaning surfaces.
Construction Products By Mono Industries
(https://www.monoplastics.com/) We are amongst the prominent manufacturers and Suppliers of the wide assortment of Poly and HDPE Sheet. These are used by the clients for their perfect performance and lightweight.
Polyester resin 2.ppt
General-purpose polyester resins are versatile, cost-effective polymers created through esterification reactions. They cure at room temperature or with heat and contain reactive monomers like styrene. These resins are easy to use, have good strength and durability, and cure quickly, making them suitable for a wide range of applications including laminating, mold making, construction, marine, automotive, and consumer goods. However, they may not be suitable for applications requiring high chemical or heat resistance.
Npcs (www.niir.org) Newsletter 53
NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES (NPCS) provides reliable consultancy services worldwide and has been excelling its expertise in a wide range of services. The services includes: investment opportunities, technology transfers, pre-feasibility study, business plan, new project identification, project feasibility, identification of profitable industrial project opportunities, thorough analysis of the project, plan all resources & details on capital and operational costs, economic feasibility study of the project, profile analysis, preparation of project profiles / pre-investment studies, market surveys / studies, preparation of techno-economic feasibility reports, funding analysis, market potential study, identification and section of plant /process / equipment, general guidance, technical and commercial counselling for setting up new business.
NPCS is one of the leading players in the industry endowed with the expertise, sound technical knowledge and intellectual asset. NPCS is a repository of reliable professional information for the entrepreneurial fraternity of India and has well experienced professionals in market research comprising of consultants, experts, field executives, researchers and analysts from different industries and sectors. Niir Project Consultancy Services (NPCS) through its network of project consultants in a wide range of business and technological disciplines is engaged in providing services to its clients by way of preparation of project reports with extensive and reliable update database which are cost effective and custom-quoted containing technology and market information.
Projects covered in this issue:
• Complex NPK Fertilizer
• Warehouse
• Flat Glass
• Pharmaceutical Unit (Tablets, Syrup, Capsules & Ointment)
• Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride(RPVC) Pipes
• Ayurvedic Churna & Tablets
• Resin Bonded Diamond Wheels
• Particle Board (Wood Base)
• Wooden Pencils
• Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating of Rebars
• Macaroni, Vermicelli & Atta Noodles
• Silica from Rice Husk
• Dolomite Bricks
• Wheat Flour
• Reclamation of Used Engine Oil by Alkali Refining Process(Caustic Soda)
• Garlic Oil and Powder
• 4 Star Hotel
• Honey Processing
• Laminated Particle Board
• Polyethylene Wax
• Paint Industry (Decorative Paint & Acrylic Emulsion Paint)
• Methyl isobutyl Ketone (MIBK)from Acetone
• Solar Power Plant
• Pharmaceutical Unit (Tablet And Capsules)
• Bricks from Fly Ash
• Socks Manufacturing
Adhesives1
The document discusses different types of adhesives used in construction. It begins by defining adhesives and their properties. It then discusses natural adhesives like animal glues made from animal skins and hooves. Casein from milk and bitumen are also covered. The document also summarizes synthetic adhesives like thermoplastic adhesives such as PVA and thermosetting adhesives including urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde and epoxy resins. Specific rubber adhesives used in construction like Araldite, silicon sealant and Fevicol are explained. The document concludes by listing some building and construction applications of glues and sealants.
Basic products for finishing applications
This document provides information on basic products used for leather finishing, including leather coating colors, organic dyes, thermoplastic and cross-linking binders, and non-thermoplastic binders. It discusses various water-dilutable and solvent-dilutable finishing materials such as finishes containing casein, nitrocellulose finishes, polymer dispersions, and water-dilutable and solvent-soluble dyes. The document also summarizes important thermoplastic binders including polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethane, and their properties.
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Supply and Demand - Modern Economics LATiFHRW
This document discusses demand and supply in economics. It defines demand as the quantity of goods consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price. The quantity demanded changes inversely with price, as shown by the demand curve. Supply is defined as the quantity of a good sellers are willing and able to sell. According to the law of supply, the quantity supplied increases with price. The document lists factors that influence both demand and supply such as income, prices, and technology.
Surveying and Leveling
The document provides information about lectures on surveying topics including:
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Energy crisis in Pakistan
The document discusses Pakistan's energy crisis, including its causes and recommendations. It notes that Pakistan faces a shortage of 4,000-9,000 MW of electricity per day due to growing demand outpacing available generation. Recommendations include increasing independent power production and reactivating closed plants in the short term, while long term plans involve developing coal power, securing agreements for sustainable energy imports, and exploring more oil, gas, and coal reserves. The study concludes by recommending the government overhaul infrastructure to utilize more renewable energy and coal reserves.
SPSC PCS Syllabus cce 2018
The document outlines the procedure, syllabus, and requirements for admission to the Combined Competitive Examination held by the Sindh Public Service Commission. It provides details on eligibility criteria, application process, examination structure and syllabus. Key points include: the examination may be held in Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur or Larkana; the written examination will include compulsory and optional subjects with a total of 900 marks; candidates must submit documents including degree certificates and domicile/residence proofs along with the application.
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The document contains three words: 2013, PCS past papers, and LATIF HYDER WADHO. It appears to reference past exam papers from 2013 for the Pakistan Civil Service exam, possibly authored by or pertaining to an individual named Latif Hyder Wadho.
SPSC CCE 2013 Pcs screening test
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Engineering drawing
This document outlines an engineering drawing course, including:
- The course covers topics such as basic concepts of engineering drawing, instruments and their uses, orthographic drawings, isometric views, sectional views, and auxiliary views.
- It lists reference textbooks for the course and provides a class schedule covering topics week by week.
- Notes specify requirements for attendance, necessary instruments for classes, and exams that will be used to calculate final grades.
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Why is english as a global language
This document discusses the history and spread of the English language globally. It describes how English originated in Britain but was exported worldwide through colonization. Varieties of English developed in colonies like America, Australia, and Africa. While British English was once the predominant standard, American English has increasingly influenced other varieties due to U.S. economic and cultural power post-World War 2. Today, English serves as a key international language for trade, education, and diplomacy due to Britain and America's historical political-economic dominance as global superpowers over the 19th-20th centuries.
Bricks
This document provides information about bricks, including their types, characteristics, classification based on quality, and manufacturing processes. It discusses the different classes of bricks from first to fourth class based on their quality. It also outlines the key properties that good bricks should have, such as uniform color, standard size and shape, fine texture, hardness, strength, and resistance to water absorption and efflorescence. The document explains the traditional and modern methods used to manufacture bricks, including molding and firing processes.
Introduction to Geo technical Engineering 2
Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering that applies soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and groundwater conditions to design foundations, retaining structures, earth structures, and environmental containment systems. Geological engineers use principles of earth sciences and geotechnical engineering to solve problems involving soil, rock, and groundwater, and to design underground structures. They often work with other professionals on major projects involving site selection, natural hazards, foundations, groundwater, slopes, dams, and environmental remediation.
Introdction to Geo technical Engineering
This document provides an overview of geotechnical engineering topics including typical geotechnical projects, shallow and deep foundations, retaining walls, earth dams, concrete dams, earthworks, geofabrics, reinforced earth walls, soil nailing, sheet piles, cofferdams, landslides, shoring, tunneling, blasting, ground improvement techniques, instrumentation, soil testing methods, safety factors used in design, notable contributors to geotechnical engineering, landmarks, and advice for studying geotechnical engineering.
Sub surface exploration part 2
Saw-tooth bits have a series of teeth on the cutting edge that are tipped with hard metals like tungsten carbide for wear resistance. They are less expensive but usually only used for soft soils and rocks. Rotary drilling uses a rotating bit and downward force to drill holes in soil or rock. Intact samples can be obtained using core barrels while drilling, and disturbed samples of cuttings are collected from the flushed material returning up the hole.
Problems on piles and deep footing
A group of 16 square piles extends 12 m into stiff clay soil, underlain by rock at 24 m depth. Pile dimensions are 0.3 m x 0.3 m. Undrained shear strength of clay increases linearly from 50 kPa at surface to 150 kPa at rock. Factor of safety for group capacity is 2.5. Determine group capacity and individual pile capacity.
The group capacity is calculated to be 1600 kN. The individual pile capacity is determined to be 100 kN. The factor of safety of 2.5 is then applied to determine the safe load capacity.
Load carrying capacity of piles
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Settlement of piles
The document provides information about a 21 meter long prestressed concrete pile driven into sand. The pile has an allowable working load of 502 kN, with an octagonal cross-section of 0.356 meters diameter and area of 0.1045 m^2. Skin resistance supports 350 kN of the load and point bearing the rest. The document requests calculating the elastic settlement of the pile given its properties, the load distribution, and soil parameters.
Plate load test
A plate load test involves applying incremental loads to a bearing plate placed on the ground surface and measuring the resulting settlements. The test is used to estimate the settlement of a footing under working loads. A seating load is first applied and removed, then higher loads are placed and settlements are recorded until the rate of settlement decreases. Load-settlement curves are plotted from the results. The test gives the immediate settlement but not long-term consolidation settlement, so it is not very useful for predicting behavior in clay soils. The test also may not be representative if the soil is not homogeneous to a depth of 1.5-2 times the prototype footing width.
Subsurface exploration (part-3)
The document discusses various methods and procedures for conducting subsurface exploration projects. It covers topics such as coring of rock, observation of water levels, collecting groundwater samples, bore logs, soil sampling techniques, and trial pits and trenches. The key points are that subsurface exploration involves drilling boreholes, measuring strata and water levels, obtaining soil and rock samples, recording bore logs, and investigating shallow depths using excavated pits and trenches. Proper exploration is important for understanding ground conditions and aid engineering design and construction.
Sub surface exploration (part-1)
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Introduction to Foundation Engineering
This document outlines the syllabus for a foundation engineering course. It covers topics such as soil exploration, shallow foundations, deep foundations, earthen dams, and foundations on difficult soils. The course will explore soil testing methods, bearing capacity calculations, pile load capacity, and dam design considerations. References textbooks on geotechnical engineering and foundation design are also listed.
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一比一原版新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）如何办理
一模一样【微信：A575476】【新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
3 Simple Steps To Buy Verified Payoneer Account In 2024
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[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
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These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
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Distemper, adhesives
- 2. Presented By:Presented By: Engineer LATIF HYDER WADHOEngineer LATIF HYDER WADHO Mehran University of Engg: & Technology KhairpurMehran University of Engg: & Technology Khairpur Civil Engineering MaterialsCivil Engineering Materials 11stst Term 1Term 1stst Year B.E.CivilYear B.E.Civil
- 4. DISTEMPERDISTEMPER These are paints used for the treatment of masonry walls. In distempers water instead of oil is used as a carrier. These are also known as water paints. It is made by mixing whiting and glue boiled in water is known as the size. In market a number of distempers are available. All prepared distempers are mixed with water only before being used. As the distemper is affected by weather and comes off, if washed, so is use is restricted only to interior works.
- 5. It forms a cheap, durable and easy finish for interiors. These should be applied in dry weather after the surface has been cleaned and dried. There are some points which should be kept in mind while applying distempers. The surface should be completely dry, there should be no patches of efflorescence, also surface should be smooth, if not surface should be smoothening with sand paper. Old surface should be cleaned properly. These may be applied in two or more coats also. On drying of primary coat (1st ), prepared distemper solution in water is applied on the surface with brush.
- 6. ADHESIVES
- 7. ADHESIVES It is a substance that binds two or more surfaces together. Some times it can be better substitute for welding/riveting. Adhesive may be applied by brushing, spraying, etc. Before applying the adhesive the surfaces should be cleaned of all oils, grease, dirt, etc.
- 8. Adhesives can join a variety of surfaces like wood, glass, metals and plastic etc. Adhesives applied joints may be impervious to gases and liquids. How ever adhesives can not be used to all materials and also choice of adhesive depends upon the nature of material to be jointed. It takes time to gain strength. Joints made with adhesives loose their stability at high temperatures.
- 9. Adhesives are either glues or resins. (i) Glues: Glues are derived from animals or from vegetables. Animal glues are derived from different parts like hides or bones of animals. These are prepared by boiling in water horns, hoofs, bones or skins of animals. Animal glues are prepared from blood and eggs too. It is available in the forms of flakes, granules, cakes and jelly. Animal glues are easy to apply and are stronger than vegetable glues but are nor resistant to moisture and fungus. Vegetable glues are mostly used in wood etc.
- 10. (2) Casein glues: Casein glues are obtained from milk, curd, and lime gives strong water proof wooden joints which withstand weathering well. These glues are mostly used in ply woods. (3)Starch: Starch is derived from corn, wheat and potatoes etc are used in paper, etc. (4)Gum Arabic: Gum obtained from acacia tree and is soluble in water and is mostly use din tropical areas for paper packing etc.
- 11. (5) Soyabean protein: Soyabean protein is derived from Soya seed and is reasonably good for use with ply woods. (6) Zein: Zein is product of corn and is cheap and may be used with other adhesives. Resins: Glues may be from natural resins or from synthetic resins. Glues from natural resins are like rosin, shellac and asphalt.
- 12. (7) Synthetic resins: Synthetic resins are either thermosetting resins (these are formed polyesters, epoxies and silicon resins, these are good to withstand high temperature and resist moisture also) are used in plywood, glass, ceramic bonding and for bonding metallic components or thermoplastic resins (such as vinyls, polyvinyl acetate) do not resist moisture or heat and become soft on heating.