The document discusses the different types of floors used in buildings. It describes floors as horizontal structural elements that divide a building into levels. Floors are categorized based on their level (ground or suspended), material used (cement, stone, tiles, wood, etc.), and other factors. The key components of a floor are identified as the sub-floor, base, and finished floor. Various stone, tile, resilient, terrazzo, and wood floor options are outlined. Economy is noted as a consideration, as finishing costs can exceed initial estimates.

1. Aim of a Civil engineer:
 To construct a building which is
Stable
Durable
Economy Friendly

2. Interior of a building
 The aesthetic feeling that we get when we enter the
building depends on
1. Finishing Given to WALLS
2. Finishing given to FLOOR

4. Floor
 Floors are horizontal structural element of a building
which divide building into levels for purpose of
accommodation.
 Floor are horizontal soft structures that make us feel
comfortable.

5. Why is it economy related?
 Economy related topic because most of the times
expenditure goes beyond ESTIMATED due to the
Revision of design of Finishing Given to floor and
walls

6. Components of a FLOOR or Ground Floor
i. Sub- Floor( Sub – Base):
It is a Hardcore Filling Consisting of hardcore materials
and a sand layer at its top.
ii. Base (or Sub Grade):
It is a course of 1:4:8 lean concrete not less than 100 mm
thick.
iii. Finished Floor (Finishing):
It is final finishing given in form of mosaic or ceramic
tiles and other etc.. Also called as TOPPING
 As a rule finished top level should be at least 45 cm(1.5 ft)
above general ground level around the building
 We have to provide an under layer of 1:2:4 concrete with
12.5 mm as minimum chip size of aggregate.

7. Components of a FLOOR or Ground Floor
Ground floor
Flooring
Foundation
RCC roof
1
2
1 . Sub – Base.( Sub Floor)
2. Base ( Sub Grade)
Suspended Floors

8. Types of FLOOR
 There are many different types of floors.
 They are divided based on many things like level,
material, type of material etc…
Types of FLOORs based on level:
1. Ground Floor: Those which layed just above the
ground level.
2. Suspended Floor: Those which are layed above the
roof or Slab

9. Types of FLOORs based on Material used:
 We use different type of materials for laying of floors.
 On that basis we divide floor into mainly Six types:
1. Cement and concrete flooring
2. Stone Flooring
3. Tile Flooring ( Tiling)
4. Resilient Floor
5. Terrazzo Floor
6. Wood Floor

10. Types of FLOORs based on Material used:
 Cement and concrete flooring : These are the floors in which
cement concrete is used as topping.
 Types of cement concrete floors:
1. Concrete floors with Granolithic topping: Also known as
Patent stone flooring and used in low cost constructions.
2. Concrete floor with fine finish: For ordinary low traffic
situations.
3. Burnt Clay Brick floor(with or without concrete base): For
heavy traffic situations.
4. Red Oxide concrete floors: Concrete floors with red oxide
finish
5. Rough Concrete floors: For courtyard and terrace where the
floor should be rough and skid proof

11. Stone Flooring
 Stone floors are extensively recommended for offices, educational
institutions, etc… where the traffic is heavy and maintenance is
minimal.
 It is also Used in Kitchens in our houses as the many stones are
resistant to acids etc..
 Machine cut and polished stones are used as small tiles.
 Other types of Stone floors:
1. Marble : marble of different colors and steaks.
2. Granite : Granite stone of different colors and steak.
3. Kota Stone : thickness of 20,30,40 mm are specified.
4. Red or white Fine dressed sand stone : Thick 40 mm
5. Shahabad Stones
6. Cuddapa Slabs :(usually black in color)

12. Types of FLOORs based on Material used:
Cement Concrete
floor Stone floor
Stone floor
Stone floor
Stone floor
Stone floor

13. Ceramic and Tiles
 Now a days these are most extensively used in
residential buildings.
 They have become most common even in India.
 Some of the tiles used are :
Earthen ware tiles
Stone ware tiles
Terracota and faience
Glazed Tiles
Fully Virtified tiles
Porcelein tiles

14. Ceramic and Tiles

15. Resilient Floors
 Floor made of PVC, linoleum, rubber etc.. Are called Resilient
floors.
 These are used in offices, computer rooms, Show rooms etc…
 Main types:
1. PVC ( vinyl floor): Made of poly vinyl chloride polymer . Its
normal thickness is 1.5 to 4 mm and is supplied in rolls of 1- 2 m
width and 10m length
2. Linoleum : consists of oxidised linseed oil. Normal thick 1.6 to
6.7mm. And supplied in rolls of 2m width and 3 to 5.5 m thick.
3. Rubber Flooring: Composed of natural rubber with various
filling components and laying this is specialized job.

16. Resilient Floors

17. Terazzo Floor
 Terazzo is also called VENTIAN MOSIAC.
 It is essentially a decorative concrete in which the
aggregate is marble chips. The matrix is white coloured
or grey cement.
 It is not only used for floors but also skirting and, wall s,
doors etc…

18. Terazzo Floor

19. Wood Block Floors
 These are divided into three groups,
1. Traditional wood block floors: are laid by wooden
boards fixed on main beams and joints. As good
timber is very high cost now a days such floors are
not used.
2. Wood block floor: Thick wood blocks of 38 mm
thickness are used and 300 X 75 are its dimensions.
3. Paraquet floor: Thin blocks of only 10mm thick are
used with same dimensions as above

20. Wood Block Floors

21. Thank you
 Presentation by
 Sadhvi .
 Srikanth
 Sugandha
 NAGADATT SHARMA.