Disorders of thyroid gland copy
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The document summarizes various disorders of the thyroid gland, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter, and cretinism. It describes the causes and symptoms of each disorder, such as low or high levels of T3, T4, and TSH hormones. Diagnostic investigations mentioned include tests of free thyroxine, basal metabolic rate, thyroid stimulating hormone, and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins.
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Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a defective gene on the X chromosome. People with hemophilia bleed excessively from minor cuts or bruises since their blood does not clot normally due to a missing clotting factor. While there is no cure, treatment involves replacing the missing clotting factor through injections to control bleeding. Hemophilia can be diagnosed through genetic testing and occurs in two main types, with Hemophilia A being more common.
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Polycythemia slide
Due to factors such as genetics, smoking, and living at high altitudes, polycythemia causes an increased number of red blood cells which leads to elevated levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, and skin itching. Diagnosis involves blood tests and bone marrow tests. Treatment includes phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to decrease blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, administering treatments, providing education, and addressing pain and nutrition needs.
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Polycythemia is a rare bone marrow disorder, which causes the increase in the production of cells in the blood, mainly red blood cells. The primary function of the red blood cells is to carry oxygen to the different parts of the body.
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This document discusses polycythemia and polycythemic hyperviscosity in newborns. Polycythemia is an increased total red blood cell mass with a central venous hematocrit over 65%, above which blood viscosity rises exponentially. Polycythemic hyperviscosity causes increased blood viscosity from high red blood cell counts. Clinical signs result from regional effects of hyperviscosity and microthrombi formation, affecting organs like the brain, kidneys, and heart. Treatment depends on symptoms, with observation for asymptomatic infants and partial exchange transfusion considered for symptomatic infants with hematocrit over 65%.
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The document discusses various hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders. It describes the normal hemostasis process and key tests used in evaluation. Several specific disorders are then covered in more detail, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and various thrombotic disorders. For each condition, it discusses causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management.
Polycythemia
Polycythemia is a blood disorder characterized by an increased red blood cell count. There are two main types: primary polycythemia vera, which is a stem cell cancer caused by a JAK2 mutation; and secondary polycythemia, caused by inappropriate erythropoietin secretion in response to conditions like high altitudes or lung/heart diseases. Polycythemia vera symptoms include headache, itching, fatigue and bleeding risks. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing increased red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels along with a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment focuses on phlebotomy and medications to reduce red blood cell counts.
Polycythemia
Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in red blood cells. It can be primary, caused by bone marrow abnormalities, or secondary, caused by factors like smoking or lung diseases that result in hypoxia. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, and skin redness or itching. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated red blood cell counts. Treatment may include phlebotomy to reduce blood volume, medications to suppress blood cell production, and lifestyle changes like exercise and avoiding tobacco. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for blood clots, managing pain and nutrition, and providing education.
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Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a defect in the genes responsible for blood clotting factors VIII or IX. It is usually inherited and affects boys more than girls. Symptoms include prolonged bleeding after injuries or medical procedures. Treatment involves replacing the missing clotting factor through infusions of donated blood products. Current research is developing new formulations of clotting factors that can be stored at room temperature to improve accessibility.
Genetics of hemophilia A
The document discusses haemophilia A, which is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in coagulation factor VIII. It provides details on the genetics and molecular basis of the condition, describing how the factor VIII gene is located on the X chromosome and can be affected by inversions or point mutations. Signs and symptoms involve bleeding episodes in joints, muscles or other tissues. Diagnosis involves testing for prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Treatment relies on regular infusions of replacement factor VIII to control bleeding, though some patients develop inhibitors requiring alternative treatments.
Polycythemia
Polycythemia is a blood disorder where the body produces too many red blood cells. It can be primary, caused by problems in bone marrow production of red blood cells, or secondary, caused by factors like lung or heart diseases that result in low oxygen levels triggering high red blood cell production. Symptoms include feeling tired, shortness of breath, headaches, and itchy skin. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing high red blood cell counts and hematocrit levels. Treatment focuses on phlebotomy to reduce red blood cell counts through blood removal, along with medications in some cases to suppress bone marrow production of red blood cells.
Polycythemia
Polycythemia vera is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by increased red blood cell production which leads to thickened blood and risk of blood clots. Diagnosis is based on criteria including elevated red blood cell count and spleen enlargement. Treatment aims to reduce blood thickness and prevent clots through regular blood removal and medications to suppress bone marrow activity.
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Hemophilia A is an inherited blood disorder where the blood does not clot normally due to a lack of clotting factor VIII. Symptoms include spontaneous bleeding, bruising, joint pain and swelling, and internal bleeding. The disease is passed down from mothers to sons on the X chromosome. Treatment involves replacing the missing clotting factor through intravenous injections or nasal spray medication. There is no cure for hemophilia, but genetic counseling can help determine risk for children.
Polycythemia.
Polycythaemia (erythrocytosis) is defined as an increase in the haemoglobin concentration above the upper limit of normal for the patient's age and sex.
Hemophilia
Haemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder caused by deficiencies in clotting factors VIII (hemophilia A) or IX (hemophilia B). The document discusses the history, types, signs and symptoms, inheritance, and treatment of hemophilia. It was first described in 1803 and is often called the "disease of kings" because Queen Victoria was a carrier who passed it on to descendants across Europe. Hemophilia A is the most common type and is treated with clotting factor replacement therapy or desmopressin.
Hemophilia jordan
Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a defective gene on the X chromosome. People with hemophilia bleed excessively from minor cuts or bruises since their blood does not clot normally due to a missing clotting factor. While there is no cure, treatment involves replacing the missing clotting factor through injections to control bleeding. Hemophilia can be diagnosed through genetic testing and occurs in two main types, with Hemophilia A being more common.
Polycythemia
Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells. There are two main types - primary polycythemia caused by internal problems producing red blood cells, and secondary polycythemia caused by other medical conditions stimulating red blood cell production. Primary polycythemia includes polycythemia vera related to a JAK2 gene mutation and primary familial polycythemia from an EPOR mutation. Secondary polycythemia can result from chronic hypoxia, tumors secreting erythropoietin, or living at high altitudes. Symptoms vary but can include easy bruising, bleeding, fatigue, and dizziness. Diagnosis involves medical history, exam, and blood
Hemophilia a
Hemophilia A is the most common form of hemophilia, caused by reduced levels or activity of coagulation factor VIII. This leads to prolonged and unstable clot formation when bleeding occurs. Symptoms can range from bleeding after circumcision or venipuncture in infants to spontaneous bleeding in joints in older patients. Diagnosis involves tests that show prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and low factor VIII levels. Treatment replaces the missing clotting factor, with severity and location of bleeding determining dosage. Preventative treatment and education on self-administered factor replacement can help manage symptoms.
Polycythemia iquin
This document discusses polycythemia, which refers to an increased red blood cell mass. It describes three main types: relative polycythemia caused by decreased plasma volume, secondary polycythemia caused by factors like smoking that stimulate red blood cell production, and polycythemia vera caused by a mutation in the JAK2 protein. Polycythemia vera is a chronic disorder characterized by increased red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet counts. It can cause complications like thrombosis, bleeding, pruritus and splenomegaly. Treatment involves phlebotomy and medications like hydroxyurea to reduce symptoms and risks of complications. Secondary polycythemia is usually caused by lung diseases, tumors
Hemophilia
Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by deficient or defective clotting factors. There are three main types - Hemophilia A caused by Factor VIII deficiency, Hemophilia B caused by Factor IX deficiency, and Hemophilia C caused by Factor XI deficiency. Hemophilia A accounts for about 98% of cases and is X-linked recessive inherited. Symptoms range from easy bruising to spontaneous internal bleeding. Diagnosis involves blood tests of clotting factors and family history. Treatment focuses on replacement of missing clotting factors through infusion or preventing bleeding through antifibrinolytic drugs.
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Polycythemia: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
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The document discusses thyroid gland disorders, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. It describes the anatomy and function of the thyroid gland, the hormones it produces, and how they are regulated. It then discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, focusing on Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It also covers complications like myxedema coma and the effects of thyroid hormones on multiple body systems.
Brief introduction on disorders of thyroid gland
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Thyroid disorders 1
A 28-year-old female presents with a one-week history of low-grade fever, throat pain, and muscle aches. On examination, she has swelling on both sides of her neck that is tender to touch and worsens with swallowing or coughing. Tests show an enlarged, inflamed thyroid. The diagnosis is acute thyroiditis, which is usually self-limiting inflammation of the thyroid that can cause temporary thyroid dysfunction but resolves with treatment of the underlying infection or inflammation.
Thyroid disorders
This document discusses thyroid disorders, including the anatomy and histology of the thyroid gland, how the thyroid axis is regulated, classifications of hypothyroidism, clinical features, individual causes such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, diagnosis, and treatment. It provides detailed information on the thyroid gland, hypothyroidism, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Thyroid disorders
The document discusses thyroid disorders and provides information about:
1) The thyroid gland, its location and functions including producing thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism.
2) Types of thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, their causes, symptoms and treatment options.
3) Diagnostic tests for thyroid disorders including thyroid function tests and scans.
4) Specific conditions like Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid storm and their characteristics.
Diseases of thyroid gland
1. The document discusses various diseases of the thyroid gland including goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer. It describes the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, and management of these conditions.
2. Graves' disease is described as the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis, characterized by hyperthyroidism, goiter, eye signs, and thyrotoxicosis symptoms. It results from thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins that act on the TSH receptor.
3. Papillary carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for 60-80% of cases. It often affects women around age 40 and has a 40% rate of neck node metastasis.
Thyroid diseases
Benign and malignant disease of thyroid gland, surgical anatomy of thyroid, Hyperthyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis, Thyroid nodule, Hypothyroidism, Myxoedema, Thyroidectomy, Antithyroid drugs, carcinoma of thyroid, Papillary carcinoma, Follicular carcinoma, Medullary carcinoma, Anaplastic carcinoma, MEN-1, MEN-2a, MEN-2b, Thyroidectomy
Thyroid Disorders
The document discusses thyroid disorders and summarizes the key processes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis and regulation. It describes the causes, signs and symptoms, investigations, and treatment approaches for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The main causes of hyperthyroidism are Graves' disease, toxic adenomas/nodules, and subacute thyroiditis. Hypothyroidism is most commonly caused by autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis or occurs after thyroid surgery or radiation treatment.
Thyroid disorders treatment
1) Thyroid disorders involve the thyroid gland, which secretes hormones that regulate growth and metabolism. Common thyroid disorders include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid nodules.
2) Hypothyroidism is a syndrome caused by thyroid hormone deficiency and can cause mental retardation if untreated. Hyperthyroidism occurs when there is excessive production of thyroid hormones.
3) Treatment for thyroid disorders involves replacing thyroid hormones for hypothyroidism or suppressing thyroid hormone production and action for hyperthyroidism. Medications like levothyroxine and antithyroid drugs are often used.
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The document discusses various thyroid cases commonly seen in clinical practice and provides guidance on thyroid examination and testing. It describes how to evaluate thyroid function test results using a "nine square" approach and discusses distinguishing postpartum thyroiditis from Graves' disease. It also addresses questions on thyroid testing in pregnancy, thyroid hormone replacement therapy and management of hypothyroidism and benign thyroid nodules.
03. diseases of thyroid gland
Diseases of the thyroid gland can cause enlargement known as goiter. Simple goiter is caused by chronic lack of thyroid hormones leading to compensatory TSH elevation and thyroid enlargement. Toxic goiter or hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid overproduces hormones. Graves' disease is the most common cause of primary hyperthyroidism due to autoantibodies stimulating the thyroid. Secondary hyperthyroidism has other underlying thyroid pathology causing excess hormone production. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include tremors, rapid heart rate, weight loss and eye protrusion. Treatment involves antithyroid drugs, beta blockers, radioiodine therapy or surgery.
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The document provides information about thyroid gland disorders including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It discusses the anatomy and blood supply of the thyroid gland. It describes Hashimoto's thyroiditis as the most common cause of hypothyroidism due to an autoimmune reaction. Graves' disease is outlined as the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, also caused by an autoimmune process involving thyroid stimulating antibodies. The clinical features, investigations, and treatment approaches for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are summarized.
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2. Thyroglossal cysts arise from remnants of the thyroglossal duct during embryonic development of the thyroid gland. Sistrunk operation is the treatment of choice which involves removal of the cyst along with a portion of the hyoid bone and any connecting tract.
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Thyroid
Thyroid disorders result from issues with thyroid hormone production or secretion, altering metabolism. Hyperthyroidism occurs when excessive thyroid hormones are produced, often due to Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder. Hypothyroidism results from decreased thyroid hormone production, commonly caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis or thyroid surgery/radiation treatment. Both conditions are managed through pharmacological interventions like antithyroid drugs or levothyroxine replacement therapy.
thyroid disorder
The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism. It contains two main hormones: T3 and T4. The thyroid is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Hypothyroidism is caused by an underactive thyroid and results in low hormone levels and symptoms like fatigue and weight gain. It is typically treated with levothyroxine hormone replacement therapy. Hyperthyroidism is caused by an overactive thyroid and results in high hormone levels and symptoms like weight loss and palpitations.
Thyroid Disorders
The document discusses thyroid disorders and summarizes key information about the thyroid gland, its hormones and functions. It describes hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, their causes, symptoms and treatment methods. Hypothyroidism is treated mainly with levothyroxine while hyperthyroidism can be treated with antithyroid drugs, beta blockers or radioactive iodine ablation.
Diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism.pptx
Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. It can be caused by iodine deficiency, autoimmune disease, or drugs/radiation affecting the thyroid. Symptoms are often subtle and vary in children, women, and elderly people. Laboratory tests show low thyroid hormones and high TSH. Treatment is with levothyroxine replacement to restore hormone levels, with dose adjustments over time based on symptoms and follow-up tests. In severe cases, myxoedema coma requires emergency treatment in hospital.
Thyroid Diseases & Its Information
It Gives Information about Thyroid disease(its type), Thyroid Gland & Thyroid System. The Presentation also Give information on Hyperthyroidism ( like its Etiology, Symptoms, Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment.
Benign Thyroid Conditions.pptx
This document discusses benign thyroid conditions. It covers thyroid anatomy, hormone synthesis, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulation of the thyroid gland, effects of thyroid hormones, and disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It also describes investigations for thyroid function including TSH, T4, T3, thyroid antibodies, radioactive iodine uptake studies, TRH stimulation tests, T3 suppression tests, FNAC, and thyroid scans.
Hyperthyroidism bsc nursing
Hyperthyroidism, also known as thyrotoxicosis, occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Some common causes include Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder, as well as excessive iodine intake or inflammation of the thyroid. Symptoms include rapid or irregular heartbeat, weight loss, sweating, and hand tremors. Diagnosis involves thyroid function tests and imaging to determine the cause. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but may include anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.
Hypo & hyperthyroidism for nursing
Hypothyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone to meet the body’s needs.
Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs.
Thyroid.ppt
The thyroid gland controls metabolism and produces hormones that regulate body processes. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid overproduces hormones, causing symptoms like weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety. It can be diagnosed through blood tests measuring thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is the opposite condition characterized by an underactive thyroid and symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and depression. Both conditions are treated through medication and sometimes radioactive iodine or surgery to address the underlying causes. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help people live healthy lives despite having an imbalance in their thyroid hormone levels.
Hyperthyroidism and Grave's disease
This document provides an overview of hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease. It begins with thyroid physiology and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. It then discusses thyrotoxicosis and the causes of hyperthyroidism, focusing on Graves' disease. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies stimulate the thyroid gland, causing hyperfunction. The document outlines the signs, symptoms, investigations, and management options for hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease, including medications, radioiodine therapy, and surgery. It concludes by discussing potential complications like thyroid storm.
Hypo thyroidism
Hypothyroidism, also known as cretinism and myxedema, is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones to meet the body's demands. The thyroid gland, located in the lower front of the neck, normally produces thyroid hormones which help control metabolism and organ functions. Hypothyroidism can be caused by autoimmune disease, radioactive iodine treatment, iodine deficiency, thyroid surgery or damage, or pituitary issues. Left untreated, it can lead to fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, constipation, cognitive changes, breathing problems, and even coma. Treatment involves lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
hyperthyroidism & hypothyroidism
Define hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
Here you can see all causes by which a hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism occur in child and also mention and explained the all signs and symptoms and also explained their treatments and preventions
Thyroid diseases BY DR ARUN KUMAR
This document discusses thyroid diseases and their pathophysiology. It begins by introducing the endocrine system and thyroid gland. There are four main types of thyroid diseases: hypothyroidism (low function), hyperthyroidism (high function), structural abnormalities like goiter, and tumors. Hypothyroidism is caused by not enough thyroid hormones and results in tiredness and weight gain. Hyperthyroidism is caused by too much thyroid hormone and causes difficulty sleeping, weight loss, and fast heart rate. Goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland which can be caused by the body trying to stimulate more thyroid hormone production. The pathophysiology of the different thyroid diseases is explained in more detail. Diagnosis involves blood tests, ultrasound
Thyroid Hormones(12 13
A 29-year-old female presents with restlessness, anxiety, a heart rate of 135 bpm, and tremors. Examination reveals a 3cm nodule on her thyroid gland. In the meantime, propranolol could be given to acutely reduce her physical symptoms as laboratory tests are pending to confirm a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.
Disorder of tyroid gland
anatomy and physiology of thyroid gland and hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism related all disorder with fully discription
Thyroid
The document discusses various thyroid disorders including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, and parathyroid glands. It covers the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options for different thyroid conditions. Lab tests like TSH, T4, and radioactive iodine uptake can help evaluate thyroid function and differentiate disorders. Diseases discussed include Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, toxic nodular goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer.
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This document discusses thyroid drugs and antithyroid drugs. It begins with an introduction to the thyroid gland, its hormones and diseases. It then covers the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones and describes hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
The document discusses various thyroid drugs used to treat hypothyroidism including levothyroxine, levothyronine and their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and uses.
It also covers various classes of antithyroid drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism including thioamides, iodides and their mechanisms of action. Specific drugs discussed include propylthiouracil, its structure, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and therapeutic uses.
thyroid and parathyroid disorders
Hyperthyroidism refers to overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormones throughout the body. Some common causes include Graves' disease, toxic adenomas, and thyroiditis. Symptoms include nervousness, palpitations, heat intolerance, tremor, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves tests of thyroid and pituitary hormones. Treatment options are radioactive iodine to destroy the thyroid gland, anti-thyroid medications, beta-blockers to control symptoms, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid. Nursing care focuses on managing nutrition, activity tolerance, risk of injury from eye involvement, and hyperthermia due to the increased metabolic rate.
hyper hypothyrodism pdf.pptx
The document discusses hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism results from excess thyroid hormone in the blood and common causes include Graves' disease, toxic adenomas, and thyroiditis. Symptoms include nervousness, rapid heart rate, weight loss, and eye changes. Diagnosis involves thyroid function tests and treatment options are anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine, beta blockers, or surgery.
Hypothyroidism is caused by an underactive thyroid gland and risks factors include older age and autoimmune diseases. Symptoms are fatigue, weight gain, dry skin and constipation. Diagnosis is via thyroid hormone levels and treatment is thyroid hormone replacement medication.
Class thyroid and antithyroid drugs
1. The thyroid gland secretes two main hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in a ratio of 15:1.
2. T4 and T3 are bound to serum proteins and transported through the bloodstream, with the free unbound levels regulating thyroid function.
3. Peripherally, T4 is converted to the more potent T3, which enters cells and binds nuclear receptors to increase protein synthesis and cellular metabolism.
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