SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 23
Download to read offline
CIRCULATION,[object Object],Dr. FarazBokhari,[object Object],Assistant Professor,[object Object],SKZMDC,[object Object]
Cardiovascular System,[object Object],Multicellular organisms need CVS*,[object Object]
General Principles,[object Object],Output of the Right and Left Heart Are Interdependent Because Their Chambers Are Connected in Series,[object Object],2-bucket example,[object Object]
General Principles,[object Object],Blood Flow to Individual Organs Can Be Controlled Primarily Independently Because Circulations to Individual Organs Are Arranged in parallel,[object Object],Liver is an exception – own arterial supply + splanchnic circulation,[object Object],Hence tissue need dictates its own blood flow,[object Object]
General Principles,[object Object],Lumen diameter of all Arteries & Veins can be actively changed by contraction or relaxation of the circular layers of SM within their walls,[object Object],Scores of normal physiological, pathological, and pharmacological agents that can alter vessel lumen,[object Object]
General Principles,[object Object],Cardiac output – controlled – sum of all local tissue flows,[object Object],Arterial pressure – controlled – independently,[object Object]
HemodynamicsBlood flow, Pressure & Resistance,[object Object],Blood flow through a vessel:,[object Object],∆P*,[object Object],Resistance ,[object Object],F= ∆P/R (Ohm’s Law),[object Object],Laminar Vs turbulent flow,[object Object],Eddie currents – more turbulence,[object Object],Tendency for turbulence – measured by Reynold’s number (Re) ,[object Object],(Re= v.d.p/ŋ),[object Object],Re >2000 – significant turbulence,[object Object],Blood pressure is the ‘force exerted by blood against any unit area of vessel wall’,[object Object]
Blood flow, Pressure & Resistance,[object Object],Resistance is impediment to blood flow in a vessel  ,[object Object],If ∆P = 1 mm hg ,[object Object],And if, Flow = 1 ml/sec ,[object Object],Then, R = 1PRU,[object Object],Total peripheral resistance,[object Object],Strong  sympathetic ++ : R=4 PRU,[object Object]
Vessel Conductance,[object Object],Diameter – conductance relationship ,[object Object],4-fold increase in d caused 256-fold increase in flow,[object Object],Hence, conductance of a vessel increases in proportion to the fourth power of diameter ,[object Object],conductance ∞ diameter4,[object Object],Poiseuille’s Law – factors that change resistance of blood vessel (or conductance  ,[object Object],F = π∆P.r4 / 8ŋ.l,[object Object]
Derivations of Poiseuille’s Law,[object Object],[object Object]
Q = ∆Pπr4 / 8ŋl
∆P = Q.8ŋl / πr4     where8ŋl / πr4= R
∆P = Q.R
R= ∆P/Q
mm Hg/mL per minute or PRU
Q = ∆P/R (Ohm’s Law)
Flow is proportional to pressure difference b/w entrance and exit points of a tube
And inversely proportional to resistance ,[object Object]
Vessel Types,[object Object],Windkessel Vessels,[object Object],Elastic reservoir vessels,[object Object],Large arteries,[object Object],Highly distensible,[object Object],Serve to damp large pressure fluctuations,[object Object],Pulsatile flow converted to constant blood flow,[object Object],Resistance Vessels,[object Object],Arterioles, metaarterioles and pre-capillary sphincters,[object Object],Arterioles has extensive ANS innervation,[object Object],Alpha receptors – arterioles of skin, splanchnic, renal,[object Object],Beta receptors – arterioles of skeletal muscle,[object Object],Exchange Vessels,[object Object],Capillaries,[object Object],Capacitance Vessels,[object Object],Veins,[object Object],Shunt Vessels,[object Object],Present in skin and other areas,[object Object],Temperature regulation,[object Object]
Arterial Pressures,[object Object],Systolic pressure ,[object Object],In vascular system is the peak pressure reached during systole,[object Object],Diastolic pressure,[object Object],Lowest pressure during diastole,[object Object],Mean arterial pressure (MAP),[object Object],Pulse pressure,[object Object]
Arterial Pressure Pulsations,[object Object],Each heart beat,[object Object],Not only moves the blood in the vessels forward but also sets up a pressure wave,[object Object],This wave travels along the arteries,[object Object],It expands the arterial walls as it travels, and the expansion is palpable as the pulse,[object Object],Rate at which the wave travels is independent of and much higher than the velocity of blood flow!,[object Object]
Pulse Pressure,[object Object],Pulse pressure = systolic P – diastolic P,[object Object],Depends on:,[object Object],Stroke Volume (SV),[object Object],Arterial compliance,[object Object],Examples of variance in pulses,[object Object],Weak ("thready") in shock,[object Object],Strong in exercise / after administration of histamine,[object Object],Aortic insufficiency: collapsing, Corrigan, or water-hammer pulse,[object Object]
Abnormal Aortic Pressure Pulses,[object Object]

More Related Content

What's hot

Echo assessment of lv systolic function and swma
Echo assessment of lv systolic function and swmaEcho assessment of lv systolic function and swma
Echo assessment of lv systolic function and swmaFuad Farooq
 
Principal basics of the echocardiogram diastolic dysfunction and left ventric...
Principal basics of the echocardiogram diastolic dysfunction and left ventric...Principal basics of the echocardiogram diastolic dysfunction and left ventric...
Principal basics of the echocardiogram diastolic dysfunction and left ventric...Dung le Huu
 
Physio presentation pressure flow and resistance
Physio presentation   pressure flow and resistancePhysio presentation   pressure flow and resistance
Physio presentation pressure flow and resistanceSaara Zafar
 
How accurate electrocardiogram predict LV diastolic dysfunction?
How accurate electrocardiogram predict LV diastolic dysfunction?How accurate electrocardiogram predict LV diastolic dysfunction?
How accurate electrocardiogram predict LV diastolic dysfunction?Tamer Taha
 
Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulationPulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulationUphar Gupta
 
Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow
Regulation of Coronary Blood FlowRegulation of Coronary Blood Flow
Regulation of Coronary Blood FlowHikaoru Hitachiin
 
Conductive system of heart by Dr. Pandian M
Conductive system of heart by Dr. Pandian M Conductive system of heart by Dr. Pandian M
Conductive system of heart by Dr. Pandian M Pandian M
 
Shadechapter14.ppt [read only]
Shadechapter14.ppt [read only]Shadechapter14.ppt [read only]
Shadechapter14.ppt [read only]betomedic
 
11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow
11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow
11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood FlowOpen.Michigan
 

What's hot (19)

Echo assessment of lv systolic function and swma
Echo assessment of lv systolic function and swmaEcho assessment of lv systolic function and swma
Echo assessment of lv systolic function and swma
 
Principal basics of the echocardiogram diastolic dysfunction and left ventric...
Principal basics of the echocardiogram diastolic dysfunction and left ventric...Principal basics of the echocardiogram diastolic dysfunction and left ventric...
Principal basics of the echocardiogram diastolic dysfunction and left ventric...
 
Physio presentation pressure flow and resistance
Physio presentation   pressure flow and resistancePhysio presentation   pressure flow and resistance
Physio presentation pressure flow and resistance
 
Cardiac anatomy
Cardiac anatomyCardiac anatomy
Cardiac anatomy
 
Biomechanics of circulation
Biomechanics of circulationBiomechanics of circulation
Biomechanics of circulation
 
How accurate electrocardiogram predict LV diastolic dysfunction?
How accurate electrocardiogram predict LV diastolic dysfunction?How accurate electrocardiogram predict LV diastolic dysfunction?
How accurate electrocardiogram predict LV diastolic dysfunction?
 
Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulationPulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulation
 
Coronary physiology
Coronary physiologyCoronary physiology
Coronary physiology
 
Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulationPulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulation
 
2 d echocardiography views
2 d echocardiography views 2 d echocardiography views
2 d echocardiography views
 
PCG
PCGPCG
PCG
 
Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow
Regulation of Coronary Blood FlowRegulation of Coronary Blood Flow
Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow
 
Coronary circulation
Coronary circulationCoronary circulation
Coronary circulation
 
Conductive system of heart by Dr. Pandian M
Conductive system of heart by Dr. Pandian M Conductive system of heart by Dr. Pandian M
Conductive system of heart by Dr. Pandian M
 
Physiology
PhysiologyPhysiology
Physiology
 
Hemodynamics 202
Hemodynamics 202Hemodynamics 202
Hemodynamics 202
 
CORONARY SINUS
CORONARY SINUSCORONARY SINUS
CORONARY SINUS
 
Shadechapter14.ppt [read only]
Shadechapter14.ppt [read only]Shadechapter14.ppt [read only]
Shadechapter14.ppt [read only]
 
11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow
11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow
11.17.08(c): Pulmonary Blood Flow
 

Similar to circulation1

Blood pressure kamla choudhary
Blood pressure kamla choudharyBlood pressure kamla choudhary
Blood pressure kamla choudharykamla13
 
cardiovascular physiology based on Ganong's
cardiovascular physiology based on Ganong'scardiovascular physiology based on Ganong's
cardiovascular physiology based on Ganong'sdinesh
 
Haemodynamics 2
Haemodynamics 2Haemodynamics 2
Haemodynamics 2kamla13
 
cardiacoutput2-131218012010-phpapp02.pptx
cardiacoutput2-131218012010-phpapp02.pptxcardiacoutput2-131218012010-phpapp02.pptx
cardiacoutput2-131218012010-phpapp02.pptxMSrujanaDevi
 
Hemodynamics over view of circulation
Hemodynamics over view of circulationHemodynamics over view of circulation
Hemodynamics over view of circulationDrRehanasiddiqui1
 
Hemodynamics Basic Concepts
Hemodynamics Basic ConceptsHemodynamics Basic Concepts
Hemodynamics Basic Conceptsvclavir
 
Physical characteristics of systemic circulation
Physical characteristics of systemic circulationPhysical characteristics of systemic circulation
Physical characteristics of systemic circulationAarti Sareen
 
C:\Documents And Settings\User\Desktop\Lec54
C:\Documents And Settings\User\Desktop\Lec54C:\Documents And Settings\User\Desktop\Lec54
C:\Documents And Settings\User\Desktop\Lec54MBBS IMS MSU
 
bpmonitoring.pdf
bpmonitoring.pdfbpmonitoring.pdf
bpmonitoring.pdfshafina27
 
Non Invasive and Invasive Blood pressure monitoring RRT
Non Invasive and Invasive Blood pressure monitoring RRTNon Invasive and Invasive Blood pressure monitoring RRT
Non Invasive and Invasive Blood pressure monitoring RRTRanjith Thampi
 
LECTURE 5_Monitoring of Blood Pressure.ppt
LECTURE 5_Monitoring of Blood Pressure.pptLECTURE 5_Monitoring of Blood Pressure.ppt
LECTURE 5_Monitoring of Blood Pressure.pptMiguelJohnson8
 
Autonomic Nervous System and Hemodynamics
Autonomic Nervous System and HemodynamicsAutonomic Nervous System and Hemodynamics
Autonomic Nervous System and Hemodynamicsshabeel pn
 

Similar to circulation1 (20)

Hemodynamics.pdf
Hemodynamics.pdfHemodynamics.pdf
Hemodynamics.pdf
 
Blood pressure kamla choudhary
Blood pressure kamla choudharyBlood pressure kamla choudhary
Blood pressure kamla choudhary
 
A CVS-Physiology2.ppt
A CVS-Physiology2.pptA CVS-Physiology2.ppt
A CVS-Physiology2.ppt
 
CVS Part 2-1.ppt
CVS  Part 2-1.pptCVS  Part 2-1.ppt
CVS Part 2-1.ppt
 
cardiovascular physiology based on Ganong's
cardiovascular physiology based on Ganong'scardiovascular physiology based on Ganong's
cardiovascular physiology based on Ganong's
 
Haemodynamics 2
Haemodynamics 2Haemodynamics 2
Haemodynamics 2
 
Cardiac output 2
Cardiac output 2Cardiac output 2
Cardiac output 2
 
cardiacoutput2-131218012010-phpapp02.pptx
cardiacoutput2-131218012010-phpapp02.pptxcardiacoutput2-131218012010-phpapp02.pptx
cardiacoutput2-131218012010-phpapp02.pptx
 
Hemodynamics over view of circulation
Hemodynamics over view of circulationHemodynamics over view of circulation
Hemodynamics over view of circulation
 
Lecture.6 bp
Lecture.6 bpLecture.6 bp
Lecture.6 bp
 
Hemodynamics Basic Concepts
Hemodynamics Basic ConceptsHemodynamics Basic Concepts
Hemodynamics Basic Concepts
 
Physical characteristics of systemic circulation
Physical characteristics of systemic circulationPhysical characteristics of systemic circulation
Physical characteristics of systemic circulation
 
C:\Documents And Settings\User\Desktop\Lec54
C:\Documents And Settings\User\Desktop\Lec54C:\Documents And Settings\User\Desktop\Lec54
C:\Documents And Settings\User\Desktop\Lec54
 
bpmonitoring.pdf
bpmonitoring.pdfbpmonitoring.pdf
bpmonitoring.pdf
 
Non Invasive and Invasive Blood pressure monitoring RRT
Non Invasive and Invasive Blood pressure monitoring RRTNon Invasive and Invasive Blood pressure monitoring RRT
Non Invasive and Invasive Blood pressure monitoring RRT
 
cardiac output,
cardiac output, cardiac output,
cardiac output,
 
CVS 7.pptx
CVS 7.pptxCVS 7.pptx
CVS 7.pptx
 
LECTURE 5_Monitoring of Blood Pressure.ppt
LECTURE 5_Monitoring of Blood Pressure.pptLECTURE 5_Monitoring of Blood Pressure.ppt
LECTURE 5_Monitoring of Blood Pressure.ppt
 
Autonomic Nervous System and Hemodynamics
Autonomic Nervous System and HemodynamicsAutonomic Nervous System and Hemodynamics
Autonomic Nervous System and Hemodynamics
 
Cvs ppt
Cvs pptCvs ppt
Cvs ppt
 

More from Burhan Umer

Elderly Care Presentation
Elderly Care PresentationElderly Care Presentation
Elderly Care PresentationBurhan Umer
 
Metabolism- Biochemistry
Metabolism- BiochemistryMetabolism- Biochemistry
Metabolism- BiochemistryBurhan Umer
 
Disorders of thyroid gland copy
Disorders of thyroid gland   copyDisorders of thyroid gland   copy
Disorders of thyroid gland copyBurhan Umer
 
Reproductive and hormonal functions of the male
Reproductive and hormonal functions of the maleReproductive and hormonal functions of the male
Reproductive and hormonal functions of the maleBurhan Umer
 
Regulation of female monthly rhythm
Regulation of female monthly rhythmRegulation of female monthly rhythm
Regulation of female monthly rhythmBurhan Umer
 
Placenta as an endocrine organ
Placenta as an endocrine organPlacenta as an endocrine organ
Placenta as an endocrine organBurhan Umer
 
Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormoneParathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormoneBurhan Umer
 
Ovarian and menstrual cycle
Ovarian and menstrual cycleOvarian and menstrual cycle
Ovarian and menstrual cycleBurhan Umer
 
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoidsGlucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoidsBurhan Umer
 
Blood glucose regulation
Blood glucose regulationBlood glucose regulation
Blood glucose regulationBurhan Umer
 
Blood glucose regulation copy
Blood glucose regulation   copyBlood glucose regulation   copy
Blood glucose regulation copyBurhan Umer
 
Signalling mechanism of hormones and neuroendocrine
Signalling mechanism of hormones and neuroendocrineSignalling mechanism of hormones and neuroendocrine
Signalling mechanism of hormones and neuroendocrineBurhan Umer
 

More from Burhan Umer (20)

Elderly Care Presentation
Elderly Care PresentationElderly Care Presentation
Elderly Care Presentation
 
Metabolism- Biochemistry
Metabolism- BiochemistryMetabolism- Biochemistry
Metabolism- Biochemistry
 
Disorders of thyroid gland copy
Disorders of thyroid gland   copyDisorders of thyroid gland   copy
Disorders of thyroid gland copy
 
Thyroid hormone
Thyroid hormoneThyroid hormone
Thyroid hormone
 
Reproductive and hormonal functions of the male
Reproductive and hormonal functions of the maleReproductive and hormonal functions of the male
Reproductive and hormonal functions of the male
 
Regulation of female monthly rhythm
Regulation of female monthly rhythmRegulation of female monthly rhythm
Regulation of female monthly rhythm
 
Placenta as an endocrine organ
Placenta as an endocrine organPlacenta as an endocrine organ
Placenta as an endocrine organ
 
Parturition
ParturitionParturition
Parturition
 
Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormoneParathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone
 
Ovarian and menstrual cycle
Ovarian and menstrual cycleOvarian and menstrual cycle
Ovarian and menstrual cycle
 
Growth hormone
Growth hormoneGrowth hormone
Growth hormone
 
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoidsGlucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
 
Blood glucose regulation
Blood glucose regulationBlood glucose regulation
Blood glucose regulation
 
Blood glucose regulation copy
Blood glucose regulation   copyBlood glucose regulation   copy
Blood glucose regulation copy
 
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal medullaAdrenal medulla
Adrenal medulla
 
Signalling mechanism of hormones and neuroendocrine
Signalling mechanism of hormones and neuroendocrineSignalling mechanism of hormones and neuroendocrine
Signalling mechanism of hormones and neuroendocrine
 
Cerebralcortex
CerebralcortexCerebralcortex
Cerebralcortex
 
circulation2
circulation2circulation2
circulation2
 
Heart*
Heart*Heart*
Heart*
 
Respiration3
Respiration3Respiration3
Respiration3
 

Recently uploaded

The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 

Recently uploaded (20)

The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 

circulation1

Editor's Notes

  1. *need oxygen supply…O2 diffuses to cells….hence distance from O2 source becomes imp….average distance from O2 source is about 100 micrometer…this optimal distance is cuz of CVS
  2. rhoedes
  3. *Fluid cannot move through a system unless some energy is applied to it. In fluid dynamics, this energy is in the form of a difference in pressure, or pressure gradient, between two points in the system. Pressure is expressed as units of force, or weight, per unit area. A familiar example of this is in the pounds per square inch (psi) recommendation stamped on the side of tires. The psi indicates the pressure to which a tire should be inflated with air above atmospheric pressure. Inflating a tire to 32 psi signifies that 32 more pounds press against every square inch of the inner tire surface than against the outside of the tire.The pressure exerted at any level within a column of fluid reflects the collective weight of all the fluid above that level as it is pulled down by the acceleration of gravity. It is defined aswhere P = pressure, ρ = the density of the fluid, g = the acceleration of gravity, and h = the height of the column of fluid above the layer where pressure is being measured. The force represented by pressure in a fluid system is often described as the force that is able to push a column of fluid in a tube straight up against gravity. In this way the magnitude of the force resulting from fluid pressure can be measured by how high the column of fluid rises in the tube In physiological systems, this manner of expressing pressure is designated as centimeters H2O, or the more convenient mm Hg, because mercury is much denser than water and therefore will not be pushed upward as far by typical pressures seen within the cardiovascular system.Without going into mechanistic details at this time, arterial pressure peaks shortly after the heart contracts and pumps blood into the aorta and falls to a lower value when the heart relaxes between beats and is therefore not pumping blood into the aorta. The peak pressure during contraction of the heart is called the systolic pressure and is typically about 120 mm Hg in humans, whereas the minimum arterial pressure value during relaxation of the heart is called the diastolic pressure and is about 80 mm Hg. Thus, if one end of a tube were to be inserted into the aorta with the other end connected to a column of mercury sitting perpendicular to the ground at the level of the heart, that column of mercury would rise 120 mm during systole and fall to 80 mm during diastole. In clinical practice, human arterial pressure is reported as systolic over diastolic pressure or, in this example, 120/80. (Our mean arterial pressure is not the arithmetic mean of systolic and diastolic pressure but is instead about 93 mm Hg, because the time the heart spends relaxing is longer than the time it spends contracting and ejecting blood into the aorta.)
  4. Compliance, therefore, is related to the ease by which a given change in pressure causes a change in volume.In biological tissues, the relationship between DV and DP is not linear. As shown in Figure 1, compliance (which is the slope of the line relating volume and pressure) de-creases at higher volumes and pressures.Another way to view this is that the “stiffness” of a cardiac chamber or vessel wall increases at higher volumes and pressures.
  5. *Systolic & Diastolic P are peak/lowest arterial pressuresIn reality arterial pressures vary around average values from heartbeat to heart beat & minute to minuteFor complex reasons, compliance (TPR) does not significantly influence MAP. So e.g. In arteriosclerosis, pulse P raises a lot, not MAP!!
  6. *means increases or decreases in CO have proportionate effects on MAP