Disaster management

1. Prof (Col) Rajive Kohli, Ph.D.
10 February 2015 from 12.45 p.m. to 2:15 p.m
9910744340 kohli9r@gmail.com
UGC-Academic Staff College
01st 3-week Refresher course in
Disaster Management (ID) from
09 February to 02 March 2015

2. I. CHARACTER. Honesty, integrity, truth, health,
helpful, kindness, well wisher, positive, being good,
cooperative, constructive, moral, ethical, honorable,
upright, fair, sincere, humble, virtuous,
II. HARDWORK. Action, active, doing, proactive,
industrious, zeal, laborious, conscientious, diligent,
persevere, perform, change agent,
III.KNOWLEDGE. Learning, awareness, reading, study,
information, understanding, comprehension, education,
expertise, grasp, facts, insight, grasp, observation,
scholarship, theory, proficiency

3. DISASTER
DISASTER alphabetically means-
D – Destructions
I – Incidents
S – Sufferings
A – Administrative
S – Sentiments
T – Tragedies
E – Eruption of Communicable Diseases
R – Research programme and its Implementation

6. DEFINATION
“a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great
damage or loss of life” (Oxford dictionary)
“a catastrophic, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any
area, arising from natural or man-made cause, or by accident or
negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human
suffering or damage to, and destruction of property, or damage
to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or
magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the
community of the affected area” (Disaster Management Act
2005)

7. A Disaster is an event or series of events,
which gives rise to casualties and damage or
loss of properties, infrastructure,
environment, essential services or means of
livelihood on such a scale which is beyond
the normal capacity of the affected
community to cope with.

8. DEFINITION OF DISASTER
A disaster is a natural or man-made
hazard resulting in an event of
substantial extent causing significant
physical damage or destruction, loss of
life, or drastic change to
the environment.
Disaster =
𝒗𝒖𝒍𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚+𝒉𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒓𝒅
𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

9. DISASTER dimensions
– Disruption to normal pattern of life, usually
severe and may also be sudden, unexpected
and widespread
– Human effects like loss of life, injury, hardship
and adverse effect on health
– Effect on social infrastructure such as
destruction of or damage to government
systems, buildings, communications and
essential services
– Community needs such shelter, food,
clothing, medical assistance and social care.

10. Impact of Disasters
• Direct effects include deaths, injuries and
physical damage.
• Secondary disaster impacts such as releasing
fire or hazardous material that is triggered by
disasters.
• Indirect impacts include the ripple effect
resulting from the flow of goods, services,
unemployment etc.

11. GENERAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER
 LOSS OF LIFE.
 INJURY, ILLNESS, DISEASE
 DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY.
 DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PRODUCTION.
 DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLE.
 LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD.
 DISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES.
 DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE.
 DISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS.
 NATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSS.
 SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTER
EFFECT.
 ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION

12. CHARACTERISTICOF DISASTER
• Predictability
• Controllability
• Speed of onset
• Length of
forewarning
• Duration of impact
• Scope and intensity of
impact

13. PHASES OF DISASTER
Pre-impact
phase
Impact
phase
Post-impact
phase

16. TYPES OF DISASTER
Natural
Disasters
Meteorological
Topographical
Environmental
Man-made
Disasters
Technological
Industrial
accidents
Security related

17. Disasters occur in varied forms
•Some are predictable in advance
•Some are annual or seasonal
•Some are sudden and unpredictable
Floods Days and weeks
Earthquakes Seconds/minutes
Cyclones Days
Droughts Months

18. NATURAL DISASTER
• A natural disaster is a consequence when a
natural calamity affects humans and/or the
built environment.
• Various disasters like earthquake, landslides,
volcanic eruptions, flood and cyclones are
natural hazards

19. MAN MADE DISASTER
• Airplane crashes and terrorist attacks are
examples of man-made disasters.
• they cause pollution, kill people, and damage
property.

20. Why is this important?
Natural disasters are important, because they
don’t only effect buildings and land, they
affect human beings. They can severely injure
or kill. They tare families apart.
Natural disasters caused the death of 295,000
people in 2010

21. Who is effected?
Natural disasters can effect everyone,
everywhere. Even if it didn’t happen in your
state or area, the cost effects the nation as a
whole.
In 2009, natural disasters cost insurers about
$110 billion. In 2010, the cost was double
that, at $218 billion.

22. The Effects
10,000 people have died in Japan’s latest
Tsunami/earthquake
Katrina caused about $81 billion dollars in property damage
alone

23. 80% of New Orleans was
flooded, with some parts under
15 feet of water. total property
damage was estimated at $81
billion
 There were about 454,000
living in metropolitan New
Orleans in 2001. Only this
year has New Orleans
recently surpassed 350,000
citizens.
• Many organizations that
are based around helping,
supporting, and rescuing
victims, are places that
you can donate to and
where they raise money.

24. How to Prevent
• Natural disaster are something that can
not be stopped, or prevented, but we
can do some thing's before and after
disasters to help reduce the amount of
trauma caused by these disasters.
Ways to Help:
• Donate to organizations that deal with
natural disaster relief
• Volunteer with these organizations
• Help rebuild cities

25. The Aftermath
• Natural disasters don't just create
damage when it hits. The effects after
can be worse. Many of them can cause
lose ground, creating landslides. Some
can start fires in your homes, also it can
cause the loss of everything you know.

26. Something needs to be done…

27. Distinction between
Hazard and Disaster :
“A hazard is a natural event while the disaster
is its consequence. A hazard is a perceived
natural event which threatens both life and
property….a disaster is a realization of this
hazard…”
– John Whittow, Disaster. 1980

30. Water and Climate related disasters
• Floods and Drainage Management
• Cyclones
• Tornadoes and Hurricanes
• Hailstorm
• Cloud Burst
• Heat Wave and Cold Wave
• Snow Avalanches
• Droughts
• Sea Erosion
• Thunder & Lightning
• Tsunami

31. Geologically related disasters
• Landslides and Mudflows
• Earthquakes
• Dam Failures/ Dam Bursts.
• Mine Fires
Earthquake

32. Chemical, Industrial & Nuclear
related disasters
• Chemical and Industrial
Disasters
• Nuclear Disasters

33. Accident related disasters
• Forest Fires
• Urban Fires
• Mine Flooding
• Oil Spill
• Major Building Collapse
• Serial Bomb Blasts
• Festival related disasters
• Electrical Disasters & Fires
• Air, Road and Rail Accidents.
• Boat Capsizing.
• Village Fire

34. Biologically related disasters
• Biological Disasters and Epidemics
• Pest Attacks
• Cattle Epidemics
• Food Poisoning

35. WHY? And WHAT about
Man made Disasters?

36. Manmade Disasters
• Urban fires
• Village fire
• Mine fires
• Air, road and rail accidents
• Boat capsizing
• Electrical disasters
• Chemical and industrial
disasters
• Nuclear disasters
• Mine flooding
• Oil spill
• Major building collapse
• Serial bomb blasts
• Festival related disasters
 civil strife
 communal violence
 internal conflict,
 “complex emergencies”
 rapid or slow onset types
COMPLEX DISASTERS
urbanisation chaotic growth
policy disasters
war and civil strife
Social violence

37. THESE ARE THE TIMES WHEN
EVERYONE HAS TO HELP OUT

40. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
The body of policy and administration decisions and
operational activities that pertain to various stages
of a disaster at all levels.
An applied science which seek, by systematic
observation and analysis of disasters, to improve
measures relating to prevention, mitigation,
preparedness, emergency response and recovery.
Encompass all aspects of planning for and
responding to disasters, including both pre and post
disaster activities.

41. ... Contd.
a continuous and integrated process of planning, organising,
coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or
expedient for:
(i) Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster;
(ii) Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or
consequences;
(iii) Capacity-building;
(iv) Preparedness to deal with any disaster;
(v) Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster;
(vi) Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster;
evacuation, rescue and relief;
(vii) Rehabilitation and reconstruction;
(Disaster Management Act, 2005)

42. The traditional approach to disaster
management has been to regard it as a number
of phased sequences of action or a continuum.
These can be represented as a disaster
management cycle.
The basic disaster management cycle consists
of six main activities.

43. • Prevention
• Mitigation
• Preparedness
• Response
• Rehabilitation
• Reconstruction
Six elements that defines the complete approach to
Disaster Management.

45. DISASTER MANGEMENT CYCLE
1. DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
• Planning
2. PERSONAL MITIGATION
• Structural measures
• Non-structural measures
3. RESPONSE
• Search
• Rescue
• Fulfilling humanitarian needs
4. RECOVERY
• Bring affected area and people back
to normal

46. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• Disaster management is the responsibility
of all spheres of government
• Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day purpose.
• Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business
• Individuals are responsible for their own
safety.
• Disaster management planning should
focus on large-scale events.

47. Contd….
• Disaster management planning should recognize the difference
between incidents and disasters.
• Disaster management operational arrangements are additional to
and do not replace incident management operational
arrangements
• Disaster management planning must take account of the type of
physical environment and the structure of the population.
• Disaster management arrangements must recognise the
involvement and potential role of non- government agencies.

48. Integrated
Disaster
Management
Prepared-
ness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation
Activities prior to a disaster
• Preparedness plans
• Emergency exercises
• Training,
• Warning systems
Activities that reduce
effects of disasters
• Building codes &
zoning
• Vulnerability
analyses
• Public education
Activities following a
disaster.
• Temporary housing
• Claims processing
• Grants
• Medical care
Activities during a
disaster.
• Public warning
systems
• Emergency
operations
• Search & rescue

49. PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster Preparedness
Disaster impact
Disaster Response
Rehabilitation
Disaster Mitigation

50. Disaster Preparedness
• It involves measures to ensure that
communities and services are
capable of coping with the effect of
disaster.

51. Disaster preparedness
Preparedness should be in the form of
money, manpower and materials
• Evaluation from past experiences about risk
• Location of disaster prone areas
• Organization of communication, information and
warning system
• Ensuring co-ordination and response
mechanisms
• Development of public education programme
• Co-ordination with media
• National & international relations
• Keeping stock of foods, drug and other essential
commodities.

52. E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays
a key role in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by
detection tracing. It has 5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar,
Vishakapatanam, Chennai & Mumbai. In addition there are 31
special observation posts setup a long the east coast of India.
The International Agencies which provides humanitarian
assistance to the disaster strike areas are United Nation
agencies.
 Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA)
 World Health Organization (WHO)
 UNICEF
 World Food Programme (WFP)
 Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD)
E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations
• Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE)
• International committee of Red cross
• International committee of Red cross

53. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
1. Community awareness and
education
2. Proper warning system
3. Mutual aid arrangement
4. Mock drill, training practice

54. Disaster impact

55. Disaster response
• Epidemiologic surveillance and disease
control
• Vaccination
• Nutrition

56. Disaster Response
It involves measures taken
in anticipation of, during
and immediately after a
disaster to ensure that the
effects are minimized.

57. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER
RESPONSE
1. Implementing the disaster
management plan
2. Setting up medical camps
and mobilizing resources
3. Providing adequate shelter
and sanitary facilities
4. Development of search
and rescue team

58. Disaster Recovery
It involves measures, which support emergency
affected areas in reconstruction of the physical
infrastructure and restoration of economic and
emotional well being.

59. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER
RECOVERY
1. Counseling programme
for those who lost the
near ones
2. Restoring services like
roads, communication link
3. Providing financial
support employment
4. Reconstructing damaged
buildings

60. Rehabilitation phase
• Water supply
• Food safety
• Basic sanitation
and personal
hygiene
• Vector control

61. Disaster mitigation
• This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.
These include depending upon the disaster, protection of
vulnerable population and structure.
• For examples, improving structural qualities of schools,
houses and such other buildings so that medical causalities
can be minimized. Similarly ensuring the safety of health
facilities and public health services including water supply
and sewerage system to reduce the cost of rehabilitation
and reconstruction. This mitigation compliments the
disaster preparedness and disaster response activities.

62. Prevention and Mitigation
• It involves measures to eliminate or reduce
the incidence of severity of disasters.

63. EXAMPLE FOR PREVENTION
AND MITIGATION
1. Preventing
habitation in risk
zones
2. Disaster resistant
buildings

64. DISASTER DRILL
A disaster drill is an exercise in which
people simulate the circumstances of a
disaster so that they have an opportunity to
practice their responses.

65. Disaster Preparedness Framework
RehearsalsPublic
Education
and Training
Response
Mechanisms
Warning
Systems
Resource
Base
Information
System
Institutional
Framework
PlanningVulnerability
Assessment
COMPONENTS OF PREPAREDNESS

66. Role Players in Disasters
• People : Individuals, House -Holds,
Volunteers
• Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati
Secretary, Panchayat Members
• Village Elders : Caste/Community/Religious
Leaders, Teachers, Doctors, Engineers,
Retired Army & Police Personnel
• Govt. Deptl. Officers : Agriculture, Medical,
Engineers (Housing, Roads & Buildings,
Irrigation) Revenue Department, Public
Health, Police, Defence, NGOs

67. The Myths about Disasters
• It Can’t Happen to Us.
• The Nature’s forces are so Deadly the
Victims will Die anyway.
• There is Nothing We Can Do.

68. Disasters:
Negative and Positive Aspects
Aspects Negative Aspects Positive aspects
D
I
S
A
S
T
E
R
Damage
Interruption
Severe
Antagonistic
Scourge
Traumatic
Emergency
Risk
Development
Innovation
Sharing
Awareness
Self sufficiency
Transformation
Education
Resilience

69. INDIA MUST STOP
VIEWING DISASTERS AS
ACTS OF GOD!!
CONCLUSION