Velmurugan Sivaraman, profile picture
Uploaded byVelmurugan Sivaraman
9,246 views

Dimensional engineering

The document provides a comprehensive overview of dimensional engineering, particularly focusing on dimensioning and tolerancing standards. It defines dimensions in various contexts, such as linear and angular measurements, and elaborates on tolerance concepts, including straightness, flatness, circularity, and cylindricity. Additionally, it covers principles of location and runout, explaining tolerance zones and their application in engineering drawings.

Embed presentation

Downloaded 68 times
DIMENSIONAL ENGINEERING Compiled & Edited Velmurugan Sivaraman Welcome!
Based on the ASME Y14.5M-1994 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Standard DIMENSIONAL ENGINEERING 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 2 Compiled & Edited Velmurugan Sivaraman
Dimension (Latin, "measured out") is a parameter or measurement required to define the characteristics of an object - i.e. length, width, and height or size and shape. What is dimension? Types 2nd dimensional For example, locating a point on a plane requires two parameters - latitude and longitude. 3rd dimensional Locating the exact position of an aircraft in flight (relative to the Earth) requires another dimension (altitude) with latitude and longitude. 4th dimension aircraft's estimated "speed" may be calculated from a comparison between the times associated with any two positions. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 3
Angle of projections 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 4
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 5
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 6
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 7
What is tolerance? It is almost impossible to maintain the strict degree of accuracy as listed on a plan. To accommodate this, it is normal to display measurements with a plus or minus (+/-) tolerance which allows for some margin of error. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 8 What is tolerance?
Geometric standard deviation Describes how spread out are a set of numbers whose preferred average is the geometric mean. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 9
Tolerances of Form Straightness Flatness Circularity Cylindricity 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 10
25 +/-0.25 0.1 Tolerance 0.5 Tolerance Straightness is the condition where an element of a surface or an axis is a straight line Straightness (Flat Surfaces) 0.5 0.1 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 11
24.75 min 25.25 max 0.5 Tolerance Zone 0.1 Tolerance Zone In this example each line element of the surface must lie within a tolerance zone defined by two parallel lines separated by the specified tolerance value applied to each view. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of size and the applicable straightness limit. The straightness tolerance is applied in the view where the elements to be controlled are represented by a straight line. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 12 Straightness (Flat Surfaces)
Straightness (Surface Elements) MMC 0.1 Tolerance Zone 0.1 MM C 0.1 Tolerance Zone MMC 0.1 Tolerance Zone In this example each longitudinal element of the surface must lie within a tolerance zone defined by two parallel lines separated by the specified tolerance value. The feature must be within the limits of size and the boundary of perfect form at MMC. Any barreling or waisting of the feature must not exceed the size limits of the feature. Outer Boundary = Actual Feature Size + Straightness Tolerance 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 13
Straightness (MMC) 15 14.85 15.1 Virtual Condition 15 (MMC) 0.1 Diameter Tolerance Zone 15.1 Virtual Condition 14.85 (LMC) 0.25 Diameter Tolerance Zone In this example the derived median line of the feature’s actual local size must lie within a tolerance zone defined by a cylinder whose diameter is equal to the specified tolerance value at MMC. As each circular element of the feature departs from MMC, the diameter of the tolerance cylinder is allowed to increase by an amount equal to the departure from the local MMC size. Each circular element of the feature must be within the specified limits of size. However, the boundary of perfect form at MMC can be violated up to the virtual condition diameter. Virtual Condition = MMC Feature Size + Straightness Tolerance 0.1 M 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 14
Flatness 25 +/-0.25 24.75 min 25.25 max 0.1 0.1 Tolerance Zone 0.1 Tolerance Zone In this example the entire surface must lie within a tolerance zone defined by two parallel planes separated by the specified tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of size and the flatness limit. Flatness is the condition of a surface having all elements in one plane. Flatness must fall within the limits of size. The flatness tolerance must be less than the size tolerance. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 15
90 90 0.1 0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone Circularity (Roundness) In this example each circular element of the surface must lie within a tolerance zone defined by two concentric circles separated by the specified tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of size and the circularity limit. Circularity is the condition of a surface where all points of the surface intersected by any plane perpendicular to a common axis are equidistant from that axis. The circularity tolerance must be less than the size tolerance 0.1 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 16
Cylindricity 0.1 Tolerance Zone MMC 0.1 In this example the entire surface must lie within a tolerance zone defined by two concentric cylinders separated by the specified tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of size and the cylindricity limit. Cylindricity is the condition of a surface of revolution in which all points are equidistant from a common axis. Cylindricity is a composite control of form which includes circularity (roundness), straightness, and taper of a cylindrical feature. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 17
Tolerances of Orientation Angularity Perpendicularity Parallelism 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 18
Angularity (Feature Surface to Datum Surface) A 20 +/-0.5 30 o A 19.5 min 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone 30 o A 20.5 max 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone 30 o The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented at the specified angle to the datum reference plane. Angularity is the condition of the planar feature surface at a specified angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone. 0.3 A 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 19
A 0.3 A A 60 o The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented at the specified angle to the datum reference plane. Angularity is the condition of the feature axis at a specified angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone Angularity (Feature Axis to Datum Surface) NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 20
0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone A Datum Axis A Angularity (Feature Axis to Datum Axis) The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented at the specified angle to the datum reference axis. Angularity is the condition of the feature axis at a specified angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum reference axis, within the specified tolerance zone. NOTE: Feature axis must lie within tolerance zone cylinder 0.3 A o45 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 21
0.3 A A 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone A A Perpendicularity (Feature Surface to Datum Surface) 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented perpendicular to the datum reference plane. Perpendicularity is the condition of the planar feature surface at a right angle to the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 22
C Perpendicularity (Feature Axis to Datum Surface) 0.3 C 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone 0.3 Diameter Tolerance Zone 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented perpendicular to the datum reference plane. Perpendicularity is the condition of the feature axis at a right angle to the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 23
0.3 A A 25 +/-0.5 25.5 max 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone A 24.5 min 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone A Parallelism (Feature Surface to Datum Surface) The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented parallel to the datum reference plane. Parallelism is the condition of the planar feature surface equidistant at all points from the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 24
A 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone Parallelism (Feature Axis to Datum Surface) 0.3 A A NOTE: The specified tolerance does not apply to the orientation of the feature axis in this direction The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented parallel to the datum reference plane. Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant along its length from the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone. NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 25
A B Parallelism (Feature Axis to Datum Surfaces) A B 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented parallel to the datum reference planes. Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant along its length from the two datum reference planes, within the specified tolerance zone. NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS 0.3 A B 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 26
Parallelism (Feature Axis to Datum Axis) Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant along its length from the datum reference axis, within the specified tolerance zone. A 0.1 A 0.1 Circular Tolerance Zone 0.1 Circular Tolerance Zone Datum Axis A The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented parallel to the datum reference axis. NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 27
Tolerances of Profile Profile of a Line Profile of a Surface (ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.5.2b) (ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.5.2a) 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 28
Profile of a Line The profile tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel lines oriented with respect to the datum reference frame. The profile tolerance zone is free to float within the larger size tolerance and applies only to the form and orientation of any individual line element along the entire surface. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 29
A 25 A0.5 0.1 25.25 24.75 0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone A Composite Profile of Two Coplanar Surfaces w/o Orientation Refinement Profile of a Surface Form Only Location & Orientation 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 30
0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone 0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone 25.25 24.75 A A A 25 A0.5 A0.1 Form & Orientation Composite Profile of Two Coplanar Surfaces With Orientation Refinement Profile of a Surface Location 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 31
Tolerances of Location True Position Concentricity Symmetry 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 32
10.25 +/- 0.5 10.25 +/- 0.5 8.5 +/- 0.1 Rectangular Tolerance Zone 10.25 10.25 8.5 +/- 0.1 Circular Tolerance Zone B A C Coordinate vs Geometric Tolerancing Methods Coordinate Dimensioning Geometric Dimensioning Rectangular Tolerance Zone Circular Tolerance Zone 1.4 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.5 57% Larger Tolerance Zone Circular Tolerance Zone Rectangular Tolerance Zone Increased Effective Tolerance 1.4 A B C 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 33
Formula to determine the actual radial position of a feature using measured coordinate values (RFS) Z positional tolerance /2 X2 Y2 +Z = X Y Z Feature axis actual location (measured) Positional tolerance zone cylinder Feature axis true position (designed) Positional Tolerance Verification Z = total radial deviation Actual feature boundary (Applies when a circular tolerance is indicated) 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 34
Formula to determine the actual radial position of a feature using measured coordinate values (MMC) Z X2 Y2 +Z = X =2 Y =2 X Y Z Feature axis actual location (measured) Positional tolerance zone cylinder Feature axis true position (designed) Positional Tolerance Verification Z = total radial deviation “X” measured deviation “Y” measured deviation Actual feature boundary +( actual - MMC) 2= positional tolerance (Applies when a circular tolerance is indicated) 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 35
Bi-directional True Position Rectangular Coordinate Method 3510 10 AC B 1.5 A B C 0.5 A B C2X 2X 10 35 1.5 Wide Tolerance Zone 0.5 Wide Tolerance Zone True Position Related to Datum Reference Frame 10 B C Each axis must lie within the 1.5 X 0.5 rectangular tolerance zone basically located to the datum reference frame As Shown on Drawing Means This: 2X 6 +/-0.25 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 36
3510 10 AC B As Shown on Drawing Means This: 1.5 A B C 0.5 A B C BOUNDARY BOUNDARY 10 35 10 B C 2X 13 +/-0.25 2X 6 +/-0.25 12.75 MMC width of slot -1.50 Position tolerance 11.25 Maximum boundary Both holes must be within the size limits and no portion of their surfaces may lie within the area described by the 11.25 x 5.25 maximum boundaries when the part is positioned with respect to the datum reference frame. The boundary concept can only be applied on an MMC basis. o 90 True position boundary related to datum reference frame A Bi-directional True Position Noncylndrical Features (Boundary Concept) MM 5.75 MMC length of slot -0.50 Position tolerance 5.25 maximum boundary 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 37
Location (Concentricity) Datum Features at RFS A 15.95 15.90 As Shown on Drawing Derived Median Points of Diametrically Opposed Elements Axis of Datum Feature A Means This: Within the limits of size and regardless of feature size, all median points of diametrically opposed elements must lie within a Ø 0.5 cylindrical tolerance zone. The axis of the tolerance zone coincides with the axis of datum feature A. Concentricity can only be applied on an RFS basis. 0.5 A 6.35 +/- 0.05 0.5 Coaxial Tolerance Zone 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 38
Location (Symmetry) Datum Features at RFS A 15.95 15.90 0.5 A 6.35 +/- 0.05 Derived Median Points Center Plane of Datum Feature A 0.5 Wide Tolerance Zone Means This: Within the limits of size and regardless of feature size, all median points of opposed elements must lie between two parallel planes equally disposed about datum plane A, 0.5 apart. Symmetry can only be applied on an RFS basis. As Shown on Drawing 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 39
Tolerances of Runout Circular Runout (ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.7.1.2.1) Total Runout (ASME Y14.5M-1994 ,6.7.1.2.2) 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 40
Datum feature Datum axis (established from datum feature Angled surfaces constructed around a datum axis External surfaces constructed around a datum axis Internal surfaces constructed around a datum axis Surfaces constructed perpendicular to a datum axis Features Applicable to Runout Tolerancing 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 41
0 + - Full Indicator Movement Maximum Minimu m Total Tolerance Maximum Reading Minimum Reading Full Part Rotation Measuring position #1 (circular element #1) Circular Runout When measuring circular runout, the indicator must be reset to zero at each measuring position along the feature surface. Each individual circular element of the surface is independently allowed the full specified tolerance. In this example, circular runout can be used to detect 2-dimensional wobble (orientation) and waviness (form), but not 3- dimensional characteristics such as surface profile (overall form) or surface wobble (overall orientation). Measuring position #2 (circular element #2) Circular runout can only be applied on an RFS basis and cannot be modified to MMC or LMC. 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 42
o360 Part Rotation 50 +/- 2 o o As Shown on Drawing Means This: Datum axis A Single circular element Circular Runout (Angled Surface to Datum Axis) 0.75 A A 50 +/-0.25 0 +- NOTE: Circular runout in this example only controls the 2-dimensional circular elements (circularity and coaxiality) of the angled feature surface not the entire angled feature surface Full Indicator Movement( ) The tolerance zone for any individual circular element is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator fixed in a position normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated 360 degrees about the datum axis. The tolerance limit is applied independently to each individual measuring position along the feature surface. Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max. When measuring circular runout, the indicator must be reset when repositioned along the feature surface. Collet or Chuck 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 43
0 + Full Indicator Movement Total Tolerance Maximum Reading Minimu m Reading Full Part Rotation - 0 + - Total Runout Maximum Minimu m When measuring total runout, the indicator is moved in a straight line along the feature surface while the part is rotated about the datum axis. It is also acceptable to measure total runout by evaluating an appropriate number of individual circular elements along the surface while the part is rotated about the datum axis. Because the tolerance value is applied to the entire surface, the indicator must not be reset to zero when moved to each measuring position. In this example, total runout can be used to measure surface profile (overall form) and surface wobble (overall orientation). Indicator Path Total runout can only be applied on an RFS basis and cannot be modified to MMC or LMC. 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 44
Full Part Rotation 50 +/- 2 o o As Shown on Drawing A 50 +/-0.25 0.75 A Means This: Datum axis A 0 +- The tolerance zone for the entire angled surface is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator positioned normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated about the datum axis and the indicator is moved along the entire length of the feature surface.0 +- NOTE: Unlike circular runout, the use of total runout will provide 3-dimensional composite control of the cumulative variations of circularity, coaxiality, angularity, taper and profile of the angled surface Total Runout (Angled Surface to Datum Axis) Collet or Chuck When measuring total runout, the indicator must not be reset when repositioned along the feature surface. (applies to the entire feature surface) Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 45
0 +- Total Runout (Surface Perpendicular to Datum Axis) As Shown on Drawing A 50 +/-0.25 0.75 A 35 10 0 +- Datum axis A Full Part Rotation 35 10 Means This: NOTE: The use of total runout in this example will provide composite control of the cumulative variations of perpendicularity (wobble) and flatness (concavity or convexity) of the feature surface. The tolerance zone for the portion of the feature surface indicated is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator positioned normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated about the datum axis and the indicator is moved along the portion of the feature surface within the area described by the basic dimensions. When measuring total runout, the indicator must not be reset when repositioned along the feature surface. (applies to portion of feature surface indicated) Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 46
Fixed and Floating Fastener Exercises 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 47
2x M10 X 1.5 (Reference) B A ?.? 2x 10.50 +/- 0.25 M Calculate Required Positional Tolerance 0.5 2x ??.?? +/- 0.25 M Calculate Nominal Size A B T = H - F H = Minimum Hole Size = 10.25 F = Max. Fastener Size = 10 T = 10.25 -10 T = ______ Floating Fasteners H = F +T F = Max. Fastener Size = 10 T = Positional Tolerance = 0.50 H = 10 + 0.50 H = ______ In applications where two or more mating details are assembled, and all parts have clearance holes for the fasteners, the floating fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the appropriate hole sizes or positional tolerance requirements to ensure assembly. The formula will provide a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance H= Min. diameter of clearance hole F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter H=F+T or T=H-F General Equation Applies to Each Part Individually remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC hole size to obtain the correct nominal value. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 48
2x M10 X 1.5 (Reference) B A 0.25 2x 10.50 +/- 0.25 M 0.5 2x 10.75 +/- 0.25 M A B Floating Fasteners REMEMBER!!! All Calculations Apply at MMC H= Min. diameter of clearance hole F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter H=F+T or T=H-F General Equation Applies to Each Part Individually T = H - F H = Minimum Hole Size = 10.25 F = Max. Fastener Size = 10 T = 10.25 -10 T = 0.25 Calculate Required Positional Tolerance F = Max. Fastener Size = 10 T = Positional Tolerance = 0.5 H = 10 + .5 H = 10.5 Minimum H = F +T In applications where two or more mating details are assembled, and all parts have clearance holes for the fasteners, the floating fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the appropriate hole sizes or positional tolerance requirements to ensure assembly. The formula will provide a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC hole size to obtain the correct nominal value. Calculate Nominal Size 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 49
F = Max. Fastener Size = 10.00 T = Positional Tolerance = 0.80 2x M10 X 1.5 (Reference) B A 0.8 2x ??.?? +/- 0.25 M Calculate Required Clearance Hole Size. 2X M10 X 1.5 A B Fixed Fasteners H = 10.00 + 2(0.8) H = _____ H= Min. diameter of clearance hole F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter H=F+2T or T=(H-F)/2 General Equation Used When Positional Tolerances Are Equal In fixed fastener applications where two mating details have equal positional tolerances, the fixed fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the appropriate minimum clearance hole size and/or positional tolerance required to ensure assembly. The formula provides a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance. (Note that in this example the positional tolerances indicated are the same for both parts.) 0.8 M 10P APPLIES WHEN A PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE IS USED Nominal Size (MMC For Calculations) H = F + 2T remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC size to obtain the correct nominal value. 10 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 50
Surface finish Surface finish is a characteristic of any machined surface. It is sometimes called surface texture or roughness. The design engineer is usually the person that decides what the surface finish of a work piece should be. They base their reasoning on what the work piece is supposed to do. 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 51
1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 52
Types of Surface finish? 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 53
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 54 Surface Texture Analysis of cylinder bore
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 55
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 56
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 57
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 58
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 59
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 60
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 61
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 62
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 63
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 64
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 65
1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 66

More Related Content

PDF
Gd&T Presentation1111
byzuhaib ansar
 
PPTX
Geometric dimensioning and tolerance
byDesignage Solutions
 
PDF
Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
byR.P.M - Engineering and Project Management
 
PPT
Gd&t
byPinnacleconsultancy
 
PPT
Tolerances
byAspirations
 
PPTX
Geometrical tolerance
byChetan Hiwase
 
PPT
GD&T saravanan kulasekaran 27.06.16
bySaravanan Kulasekaran
 
PPT
GD and T Basic tutuorial
byDeenesh Savdekar
 
Gd&T Presentation1111
byzuhaib ansar
 
Geometric dimensioning and tolerance
byDesignage Solutions
 
Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
byR.P.M - Engineering and Project Management
 
Gd&t
byPinnacleconsultancy
 
Tolerances
byAspirations
 
Geometrical tolerance
byChetan Hiwase
 
GD&T saravanan kulasekaran 27.06.16
bySaravanan Kulasekaran
 
GD and T Basic tutuorial
byDeenesh Savdekar
 

What's hot

PDF
Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing
byHassan Habib
 
PPT
Gd & t datum targets
byTarunJujare
 
PDF
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
byLalit Patil
 
PPTX
Gd&t introductory presentation
bySimranjit Singh
 
PPTX
Basic Points to remember in GD&T
bySree Lakshmy
 
PDF
Limits, Fits & Tolerances
byAkash Patel
 
PPTX
Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing, GD&T Course. Day1
byTimothy Wooi
 
PPTX
Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T)
byVeer Singh
 
PDF
GD&T
byAvijeet Suryavanshi
 
PDF
Tolerance chart
byenagaraj
 
PDF
Basic gd&t datums
bymjferrari76
 
PDF
Gd&t position
bykmuralimech
 
PPT
Gdt tutorial
byVinu Kumar
 
PPTX
Two days GD&T Course for Virtue Technology Sdn Bhd.Day1
byTimothy Wooi
 
PDF
Chapter 7 measurement of surface finish
byVISHALM580
 
POT
G D & T And Co Ordinate Metrology
bynilaybhailu
 
PPT
Fundamentals of gd&t
by21403515
 
PPTX
DME
byAshvini Thombare
 
PPTX
Tolerance geometry
byKum Visal
 
PDF
Surface finish measurement naman m dave
byNaman Dave
 
Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing
byHassan Habib
 
Gd & t datum targets
byTarunJujare
 
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
byLalit Patil
 
Gd&t introductory presentation
bySimranjit Singh
 
Basic Points to remember in GD&T
bySree Lakshmy
 
Limits, Fits & Tolerances
byAkash Patel
 
Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing, GD&T Course. Day1
byTimothy Wooi
 
Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T)
byVeer Singh
 
GD&T
byAvijeet Suryavanshi
 
Tolerance chart
byenagaraj
 
Basic gd&t datums
bymjferrari76
 
Gd&t position
bykmuralimech
 
Gdt tutorial
byVinu Kumar
 
Two days GD&T Course for Virtue Technology Sdn Bhd.Day1
byTimothy Wooi
 
Chapter 7 measurement of surface finish
byVISHALM580
 
G D & T And Co Ordinate Metrology
bynilaybhailu
 
Fundamentals of gd&t
by21403515
 
DME
byAshvini Thombare
 
Tolerance geometry
byKum Visal
 
Surface finish measurement naman m dave
byNaman Dave
 

Viewers also liked

PPT
Basic Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing Tranning
byTimothy Wooi
 
PPTX
GD&T - PPT
bySree Lakshmy
 
PPTX
History of knitting
byKaren Nelson
 
PPTX
Dimension Management Engineering
bySree Lakshmy
 
PPTX
Introduction To Knitting
byegregory
 
PPTX
Ajm
byMohammed Shafeeq
 
PDF
Chapter8 dimensioning and-tolerances
bySitiAinil Adibah
 
PPT
Flight Basics
byRavindra Pavuluri
 
PPT
Catia V5 Prismatic
byJimmy Chang
 
PPT
Limits, Fits & Tolerances
byAspirations
 
PPT
Ortho.ppt
byIndia
 
PPT
Welding symbol
byTori Tom
 
PPT
Welding Symbols
byRavikiran Kolekar
 
PPTX
Design of welded connections
byHasitha Wipulaguna
 
PDF
Getting started with CATIA V5 Macros
byEmmett Ross
 
PPS
Weld design symbols
byRavi Shankar
 
PPTX
Piping presentation (master)
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
PDF
Human Factors & Ergonomics in Automobile Enineering
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Basic Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing Tranning
byTimothy Wooi
 
GD&T - PPT
bySree Lakshmy
 
History of knitting
byKaren Nelson
 
Dimension Management Engineering
bySree Lakshmy
 
Introduction To Knitting
byegregory
 
Ajm
byMohammed Shafeeq
 
Chapter8 dimensioning and-tolerances
bySitiAinil Adibah
 
Flight Basics
byRavindra Pavuluri
 
Catia V5 Prismatic
byJimmy Chang
 
Limits, Fits & Tolerances
byAspirations
 
Ortho.ppt
byIndia
 
Welding symbol
byTori Tom
 
Welding Symbols
byRavikiran Kolekar
 
Design of welded connections
byHasitha Wipulaguna
 
Getting started with CATIA V5 Macros
byEmmett Ross
 
Weld design symbols
byRavi Shankar
 
Piping presentation (master)
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Human Factors & Ergonomics in Automobile Enineering
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 

Similar to Dimensional engineering

PDF
UNIT-1 CHAPTER-2.pdf
byAdityaSingh1761
 
PPTX
Geometric_Dimensions_and_Tolerances.pptx
bydyamagar2016
 
PDF
geometric tolerances.pdf limit and fit measurement
byam5270258
 
PPTX
14 symbols of gd&t
bySree Lakshmy
 
PPTX
TQM PRESENTATION.pptx
byssuser414a8b
 
PDF
4-geometric_tolerances_and_dimensioning.pdf
bynishadjatin903
 
PPT
Geometric Dimension and Tolerance
bySagar Wagh
 
PDF
Geometrical Tolerancing in Practice by Jenoptik
byHommel Etamic (Jenoptik)
 
PDF
GDT CHAPTER 4- Orientation Tol.pdf
byssuser084123
 
PPTX
Chapter 6.pptx
byrajamanisa
 
PPT
DandT.ppt
byHarsha264391
 
PPT
study of part alignment in inspection either on cmm
bytechdirector1
 
PDF
Introdr
byAlFakir Fikri AlTakiri
 
PDF
Different Types of Engineering Tolerances
bySogaWorks
 
PPT
UMA GDnT 2 Basics of Orientation Control
byanupampanikar911
 
PDF
GDT CHAPTER 3- Form Tol.pdf
byssuser084123
 
PPT
technical drawing - information about datum
byinndirici
 
PPTX
New microsoft office power point presentationgeometrical tolerance
bySrinivas Narayana
 
PPTX
Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing
byAnubhav Singh
 
PPT
Introduction to Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T)
byKapil Mukund
 
UNIT-1 CHAPTER-2.pdf
byAdityaSingh1761
 
Geometric_Dimensions_and_Tolerances.pptx
bydyamagar2016
 
geometric tolerances.pdf limit and fit measurement
byam5270258
 
14 symbols of gd&t
bySree Lakshmy
 
TQM PRESENTATION.pptx
byssuser414a8b
 
4-geometric_tolerances_and_dimensioning.pdf
bynishadjatin903
 
Geometric Dimension and Tolerance
bySagar Wagh
 
Geometrical Tolerancing in Practice by Jenoptik
byHommel Etamic (Jenoptik)
 
GDT CHAPTER 4- Orientation Tol.pdf
byssuser084123
 
Chapter 6.pptx
byrajamanisa
 
DandT.ppt
byHarsha264391
 
study of part alignment in inspection either on cmm
bytechdirector1
 
Introdr
byAlFakir Fikri AlTakiri
 
Different Types of Engineering Tolerances
bySogaWorks
 
UMA GDnT 2 Basics of Orientation Control
byanupampanikar911
 
GDT CHAPTER 3- Form Tol.pdf
byssuser084123
 
technical drawing - information about datum
byinndirici
 
New microsoft office power point presentationgeometrical tolerance
bySrinivas Narayana
 
Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing
byAnubhav Singh
 
Introduction to Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T)
byKapil Mukund
 

More from Velmurugan Sivaraman

PPTX
Every "Design" thing
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
PPTX
Industrial design
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
PPTX
Engineering design Process
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
PDF
Swarm intelligence
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
PDF
Artificial intelligence
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
PDF
Advances in design engineering
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
PDF
Sheet Metal Working & Process
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
PDF
Welding
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
PDF
Car Development Procedure & Process
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
PDF
Product Design & Development
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
PDF
Basic ergonomics in automotive design
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Every "Design" thing
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Industrial design
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Engineering design Process
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Swarm intelligence
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Artificial intelligence
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Advances in design engineering
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Sheet Metal Working & Process
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Welding
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Car Development Procedure & Process
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Product Design & Development
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 
Basic ergonomics in automotive design
byVelmurugan Sivaraman
 

Recently uploaded

PPTX
POMIS PROTOTYPE (Previous Meetings).pptx
byNUPDominadorGagatiga
 
PPTX
2D Transformation (Translation, Rotation, Scaling) in Computer Graphics
byVanshikaBhardwaj32
 
PDF
TOC Unit 1 Finite State Machine and divisible by 3
bySanjivani college of Engineering
 
PPTX
ZAIRON AND CARLYN PPT 111111111111111111
byandaliasajohnzairon
 
PDF
Lecture Slide - sustainable design strategies and techniques
byjah15102
 
PDF
Why Investing in UI/UX Strategy Boosts User Engagement
byPixlogix Infotech
 
PPTX
etics.pptxghhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...
byibganraffy22
 
PPTX
TLE - FCS 7 - Introduction to Technical Drawing.pptx
byLANISOCRATES1
 
PPTX
Mogul Interior Armoires: Maximalist Poetry in Wood
byMogul Interior
 
PPTX
Pathological Fractures Lecture.pptx ORTHOPAEDICS
bymc22367
 
PPTX
Visual_Merchandising_Detailed_Redesigned.pptx
bysep221
 
PPTX
Azure_Landing_Zone_Proposal_with_CAF (1).pptx
bylemeli3232
 
PPTX
702112964-DELHI-HAAT-A-case-study data ppt
byrakshiperween3
 
DOCX
Felix's Research project final copy.docx
bymaingijimmy002
 
PPTX
How High-Quality Images Increase Online Sales
bySam Smith
 
PDF
Art Therapy for Autism Creative Growth..
byAutism Learn & Play
 
PPTX
Noora_Custom_Color_HIV_TB_Flowchart.pptx
byparag186340
 
PPTX
Blueprint Symbols & Learning to Draw a Floor Plan
bybrhaley
 
PDF
Should you buy verified PayPal or Stripe accounts_.pdf
bywiulk201973rt6mlnjq7
 
PPTX
Brain storming and Game storming IN ui ux
bysivamalarpcse
 
POMIS PROTOTYPE (Previous Meetings).pptx
byNUPDominadorGagatiga
 
2D Transformation (Translation, Rotation, Scaling) in Computer Graphics
byVanshikaBhardwaj32
 
TOC Unit 1 Finite State Machine and divisible by 3
bySanjivani college of Engineering
 
ZAIRON AND CARLYN PPT 111111111111111111
byandaliasajohnzairon
 
Lecture Slide - sustainable design strategies and techniques
byjah15102
 
Why Investing in UI/UX Strategy Boosts User Engagement
byPixlogix Infotech
 
etics.pptxghhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...
byibganraffy22
 
TLE - FCS 7 - Introduction to Technical Drawing.pptx
byLANISOCRATES1
 
Mogul Interior Armoires: Maximalist Poetry in Wood
byMogul Interior
 
Pathological Fractures Lecture.pptx ORTHOPAEDICS
bymc22367
 
Visual_Merchandising_Detailed_Redesigned.pptx
bysep221
 
Azure_Landing_Zone_Proposal_with_CAF (1).pptx
bylemeli3232
 
702112964-DELHI-HAAT-A-case-study data ppt
byrakshiperween3
 
Felix's Research project final copy.docx
bymaingijimmy002
 
How High-Quality Images Increase Online Sales
bySam Smith
 
Art Therapy for Autism Creative Growth..
byAutism Learn & Play
 
Noora_Custom_Color_HIV_TB_Flowchart.pptx
byparag186340
 
Blueprint Symbols & Learning to Draw a Floor Plan
bybrhaley
 
Should you buy verified PayPal or Stripe accounts_.pdf
bywiulk201973rt6mlnjq7
 
Brain storming and Game storming IN ui ux
bysivamalarpcse
 

Dimensional engineering

  • 1.
    DIMENSIONAL ENGINEERING Compiled &Edited Velmurugan Sivaraman Welcome!
  • 2.
    Based on theASME Y14.5M-1994 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Standard DIMENSIONAL ENGINEERING 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 2 Compiled & Edited Velmurugan Sivaraman
  • 3.
    Dimension (Latin, "measuredout") is a parameter or measurement required to define the characteristics of an object - i.e. length, width, and height or size and shape. What is dimension? Types 2nd dimensional For example, locating a point on a plane requires two parameters - latitude and longitude. 3rd dimensional Locating the exact position of an aircraft in flight (relative to the Earth) requires another dimension (altitude) with latitude and longitude. 4th dimension aircraft's estimated "speed" may be calculated from a comparison between the times associated with any two positions. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 3
  • 4.
    Angle of projections 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 4
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
    What is tolerance? Itis almost impossible to maintain the strict degree of accuracy as listed on a plan. To accommodate this, it is normal to display measurements with a plus or minus (+/-) tolerance which allows for some margin of error. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 8 What is tolerance?
  • 9.
    Geometric standard deviation Describeshow spread out are a set of numbers whose preferred average is the geometric mean. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 9
  • 10.
    Tolerances of Form Straightness Flatness CircularityCylindricity 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 10
  • 11.
    25 +/-0.25 0.1 Tolerance 0.5Tolerance Straightness is the condition where an element of a surface or an axis is a straight line Straightness (Flat Surfaces) 0.5 0.1 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 11
  • 12.
    24.75 min 25.25 max 0.5Tolerance Zone 0.1 Tolerance Zone In this example each line element of the surface must lie within a tolerance zone defined by two parallel lines separated by the specified tolerance value applied to each view. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of size and the applicable straightness limit. The straightness tolerance is applied in the view where the elements to be controlled are represented by a straight line. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 12 Straightness (Flat Surfaces)
  • 13.
    Straightness (Surface Elements) MMC 0.1 ToleranceZone 0.1 MM C 0.1 Tolerance Zone MMC 0.1 Tolerance Zone In this example each longitudinal element of the surface must lie within a tolerance zone defined by two parallel lines separated by the specified tolerance value. The feature must be within the limits of size and the boundary of perfect form at MMC. Any barreling or waisting of the feature must not exceed the size limits of the feature. Outer Boundary = Actual Feature Size + Straightness Tolerance 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 13
  • 14.
    Straightness (MMC) 15 14.85 15.1 VirtualCondition 15 (MMC) 0.1 Diameter Tolerance Zone 15.1 Virtual Condition 14.85 (LMC) 0.25 Diameter Tolerance Zone In this example the derived median line of the feature’s actual local size must lie within a tolerance zone defined by a cylinder whose diameter is equal to the specified tolerance value at MMC. As each circular element of the feature departs from MMC, the diameter of the tolerance cylinder is allowed to increase by an amount equal to the departure from the local MMC size. Each circular element of the feature must be within the specified limits of size. However, the boundary of perfect form at MMC can be violated up to the virtual condition diameter. Virtual Condition = MMC Feature Size + Straightness Tolerance 0.1 M 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 14
  • 15.
    Flatness 25 +/-0.25 24.75 min 25.25max 0.1 0.1 Tolerance Zone 0.1 Tolerance Zone In this example the entire surface must lie within a tolerance zone defined by two parallel planes separated by the specified tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of size and the flatness limit. Flatness is the condition of a surface having all elements in one plane. Flatness must fall within the limits of size. The flatness tolerance must be less than the size tolerance. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 15
  • 16.
    90 90 0.1 0.1 Wide ToleranceZone Circularity (Roundness) In this example each circular element of the surface must lie within a tolerance zone defined by two concentric circles separated by the specified tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of size and the circularity limit. Circularity is the condition of a surface where all points of the surface intersected by any plane perpendicular to a common axis are equidistant from that axis. The circularity tolerance must be less than the size tolerance 0.1 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 16
  • 17.
    Cylindricity 0.1 Tolerance Zone MMC 0.1 Inthis example the entire surface must lie within a tolerance zone defined by two concentric cylinders separated by the specified tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of size and the cylindricity limit. Cylindricity is the condition of a surface of revolution in which all points are equidistant from a common axis. Cylindricity is a composite control of form which includes circularity (roundness), straightness, and taper of a cylindrical feature. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 17
  • 18.
  • 19.
    Angularity (Feature Surface toDatum Surface) A 20 +/-0.5 30 o A 19.5 min 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone 30 o A 20.5 max 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone 30 o The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented at the specified angle to the datum reference plane. Angularity is the condition of the planar feature surface at a specified angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone. 0.3 A 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 19
  • 20.
    A 0.3 A A 60 o Thetolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented at the specified angle to the datum reference plane. Angularity is the condition of the feature axis at a specified angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone Angularity (Feature Axis to Datum Surface) NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 20
  • 21.
    0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone NOTE:Tolerance applies to feature at RFS 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone A Datum Axis A Angularity (Feature Axis to Datum Axis) The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented at the specified angle to the datum reference axis. Angularity is the condition of the feature axis at a specified angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum reference axis, within the specified tolerance zone. NOTE: Feature axis must lie within tolerance zone cylinder 0.3 A o45 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 21
  • 22.
    0.3 A A 0.3 Wide ToleranceZone A A Perpendicularity (Feature Surface to Datum Surface) 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented perpendicular to the datum reference plane. Perpendicularity is the condition of the planar feature surface at a right angle to the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 22
  • 23.
    C Perpendicularity (Feature Axis toDatum Surface) 0.3 C 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone 0.3 Diameter Tolerance Zone 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented perpendicular to the datum reference plane. Perpendicularity is the condition of the feature axis at a right angle to the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 23
  • 24.
    0.3 A A 25 +/-0.5 25.5max 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone A 24.5 min 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone A Parallelism (Feature Surface to Datum Surface) The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented parallel to the datum reference plane. Parallelism is the condition of the planar feature surface equidistant at all points from the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 24
  • 25.
    A 0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone Parallelism (FeatureAxis to Datum Surface) 0.3 A A NOTE: The specified tolerance does not apply to the orientation of the feature axis in this direction The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented parallel to the datum reference plane. Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant along its length from the datum reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone. NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 25
  • 26.
    A B Parallelism (Feature Axis toDatum Surfaces) A B 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone 0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented parallel to the datum reference planes. Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant along its length from the two datum reference planes, within the specified tolerance zone. NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS 0.3 A B 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 26
  • 27.
    Parallelism (Feature Axis toDatum Axis) Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant along its length from the datum reference axis, within the specified tolerance zone. A 0.1 A 0.1 Circular Tolerance Zone 0.1 Circular Tolerance Zone Datum Axis A The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented parallel to the datum reference axis. NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 27
  • 28.
    Tolerances of Profile Profile ofa Line Profile of a Surface (ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.5.2b) (ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.5.2a) 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 28
  • 29.
    Profile of aLine The profile tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel lines oriented with respect to the datum reference frame. The profile tolerance zone is free to float within the larger size tolerance and applies only to the form and orientation of any individual line element along the entire surface. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 29
  • 30.
    A 25 A0.5 0.1 25.25 24.75 0.1 Wide ToleranceZone A Composite Profile of Two Coplanar Surfaces w/o Orientation Refinement Profile of a Surface Form Only Location & Orientation 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 30
  • 31.
    0.1 Wide ToleranceZone 0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone 25.25 24.75 A A A 25 A0.5 A0.1 Form & Orientation Composite Profile of Two Coplanar Surfaces With Orientation Refinement Profile of a Surface Location 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 31
  • 32.
  • 33.
    10.25 +/- 0.5 10.25+/- 0.5 8.5 +/- 0.1 Rectangular Tolerance Zone 10.25 10.25 8.5 +/- 0.1 Circular Tolerance Zone B A C Coordinate vs Geometric Tolerancing Methods Coordinate Dimensioning Geometric Dimensioning Rectangular Tolerance Zone Circular Tolerance Zone 1.4 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.5 57% Larger Tolerance Zone Circular Tolerance Zone Rectangular Tolerance Zone Increased Effective Tolerance 1.4 A B C 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 33
  • 34.
    Formula to determinethe actual radial position of a feature using measured coordinate values (RFS) Z positional tolerance /2 X2 Y2 +Z = X Y Z Feature axis actual location (measured) Positional tolerance zone cylinder Feature axis true position (designed) Positional Tolerance Verification Z = total radial deviation Actual feature boundary (Applies when a circular tolerance is indicated) 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 34
  • 35.
    Formula to determinethe actual radial position of a feature using measured coordinate values (MMC) Z X2 Y2 +Z = X =2 Y =2 X Y Z Feature axis actual location (measured) Positional tolerance zone cylinder Feature axis true position (designed) Positional Tolerance Verification Z = total radial deviation “X” measured deviation “Y” measured deviation Actual feature boundary +( actual - MMC) 2= positional tolerance (Applies when a circular tolerance is indicated) 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 35
  • 36.
    Bi-directional True Position RectangularCoordinate Method 3510 10 AC B 1.5 A B C 0.5 A B C2X 2X 10 35 1.5 Wide Tolerance Zone 0.5 Wide Tolerance Zone True Position Related to Datum Reference Frame 10 B C Each axis must lie within the 1.5 X 0.5 rectangular tolerance zone basically located to the datum reference frame As Shown on Drawing Means This: 2X 6 +/-0.25 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 36
  • 37.
    3510 10 AC B As Shown onDrawing Means This: 1.5 A B C 0.5 A B C BOUNDARY BOUNDARY 10 35 10 B C 2X 13 +/-0.25 2X 6 +/-0.25 12.75 MMC width of slot -1.50 Position tolerance 11.25 Maximum boundary Both holes must be within the size limits and no portion of their surfaces may lie within the area described by the 11.25 x 5.25 maximum boundaries when the part is positioned with respect to the datum reference frame. The boundary concept can only be applied on an MMC basis. o 90 True position boundary related to datum reference frame A Bi-directional True Position Noncylndrical Features (Boundary Concept) MM 5.75 MMC length of slot -0.50 Position tolerance 5.25 maximum boundary 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 37
  • 38.
    Location (Concentricity) Datum Featuresat RFS A 15.95 15.90 As Shown on Drawing Derived Median Points of Diametrically Opposed Elements Axis of Datum Feature A Means This: Within the limits of size and regardless of feature size, all median points of diametrically opposed elements must lie within a Ø 0.5 cylindrical tolerance zone. The axis of the tolerance zone coincides with the axis of datum feature A. Concentricity can only be applied on an RFS basis. 0.5 A 6.35 +/- 0.05 0.5 Coaxial Tolerance Zone 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 38
  • 39.
    Location (Symmetry) Datum Featuresat RFS A 15.95 15.90 0.5 A 6.35 +/- 0.05 Derived Median Points Center Plane of Datum Feature A 0.5 Wide Tolerance Zone Means This: Within the limits of size and regardless of feature size, all median points of opposed elements must lie between two parallel planes equally disposed about datum plane A, 0.5 apart. Symmetry can only be applied on an RFS basis. As Shown on Drawing 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 39
  • 40.
    Tolerances of Runout Circular Runout (ASMEY14.5M-1994, 6.7.1.2.1) Total Runout (ASME Y14.5M-1994 ,6.7.1.2.2) 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 40
  • 41.
    Datum feature Datum axis(established from datum feature Angled surfaces constructed around a datum axis External surfaces constructed around a datum axis Internal surfaces constructed around a datum axis Surfaces constructed perpendicular to a datum axis Features Applicable to Runout Tolerancing 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 41
  • 42.
    0 + - Full Indicator Movement MaximumMinimu m Total Tolerance Maximum Reading Minimum Reading Full Part Rotation Measuring position #1 (circular element #1) Circular Runout When measuring circular runout, the indicator must be reset to zero at each measuring position along the feature surface. Each individual circular element of the surface is independently allowed the full specified tolerance. In this example, circular runout can be used to detect 2-dimensional wobble (orientation) and waviness (form), but not 3- dimensional characteristics such as surface profile (overall form) or surface wobble (overall orientation). Measuring position #2 (circular element #2) Circular runout can only be applied on an RFS basis and cannot be modified to MMC or LMC. 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 42
  • 43.
    o360 Part Rotation 50 +/-2 o o As Shown on Drawing Means This: Datum axis A Single circular element Circular Runout (Angled Surface to Datum Axis) 0.75 A A 50 +/-0.25 0 +- NOTE: Circular runout in this example only controls the 2-dimensional circular elements (circularity and coaxiality) of the angled feature surface not the entire angled feature surface Full Indicator Movement( ) The tolerance zone for any individual circular element is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator fixed in a position normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated 360 degrees about the datum axis. The tolerance limit is applied independently to each individual measuring position along the feature surface. Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max. When measuring circular runout, the indicator must be reset when repositioned along the feature surface. Collet or Chuck 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 43
  • 44.
    0 + Full Indicator Movement Total Tolerance Maximum Reading Minimu m Reading Full Part Rotation - 0 +- Total Runout Maximum Minimu m When measuring total runout, the indicator is moved in a straight line along the feature surface while the part is rotated about the datum axis. It is also acceptable to measure total runout by evaluating an appropriate number of individual circular elements along the surface while the part is rotated about the datum axis. Because the tolerance value is applied to the entire surface, the indicator must not be reset to zero when moved to each measuring position. In this example, total runout can be used to measure surface profile (overall form) and surface wobble (overall orientation). Indicator Path Total runout can only be applied on an RFS basis and cannot be modified to MMC or LMC. 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 44
  • 45.
    Full Part Rotation 50 +/-2 o o As Shown on Drawing A 50 +/-0.25 0.75 A Means This: Datum axis A 0 +- The tolerance zone for the entire angled surface is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator positioned normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated about the datum axis and the indicator is moved along the entire length of the feature surface.0 +- NOTE: Unlike circular runout, the use of total runout will provide 3-dimensional composite control of the cumulative variations of circularity, coaxiality, angularity, taper and profile of the angled surface Total Runout (Angled Surface to Datum Axis) Collet or Chuck When measuring total runout, the indicator must not be reset when repositioned along the feature surface. (applies to the entire feature surface) Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 45
  • 46.
    0 +- Total Runout (Surface Perpendicularto Datum Axis) As Shown on Drawing A 50 +/-0.25 0.75 A 35 10 0 +- Datum axis A Full Part Rotation 35 10 Means This: NOTE: The use of total runout in this example will provide composite control of the cumulative variations of perpendicularity (wobble) and flatness (concavity or convexity) of the feature surface. The tolerance zone for the portion of the feature surface indicated is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator positioned normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated about the datum axis and the indicator is moved along the portion of the feature surface within the area described by the basic dimensions. When measuring total runout, the indicator must not be reset when repositioned along the feature surface. (applies to portion of feature surface indicated) Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 46
  • 47.
  • 48.
    2x M10 X1.5 (Reference) B A ?.? 2x 10.50 +/- 0.25 M Calculate Required Positional Tolerance 0.5 2x ??.?? +/- 0.25 M Calculate Nominal Size A B T = H - F H = Minimum Hole Size = 10.25 F = Max. Fastener Size = 10 T = 10.25 -10 T = ______ Floating Fasteners H = F +T F = Max. Fastener Size = 10 T = Positional Tolerance = 0.50 H = 10 + 0.50 H = ______ In applications where two or more mating details are assembled, and all parts have clearance holes for the fasteners, the floating fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the appropriate hole sizes or positional tolerance requirements to ensure assembly. The formula will provide a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance H= Min. diameter of clearance hole F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter H=F+T or T=H-F General Equation Applies to Each Part Individually remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC hole size to obtain the correct nominal value. 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 48
  • 49.
    2x M10 X1.5 (Reference) B A 0.25 2x 10.50 +/- 0.25 M 0.5 2x 10.75 +/- 0.25 M A B Floating Fasteners REMEMBER!!! All Calculations Apply at MMC H= Min. diameter of clearance hole F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter H=F+T or T=H-F General Equation Applies to Each Part Individually T = H - F H = Minimum Hole Size = 10.25 F = Max. Fastener Size = 10 T = 10.25 -10 T = 0.25 Calculate Required Positional Tolerance F = Max. Fastener Size = 10 T = Positional Tolerance = 0.5 H = 10 + .5 H = 10.5 Minimum H = F +T In applications where two or more mating details are assembled, and all parts have clearance holes for the fasteners, the floating fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the appropriate hole sizes or positional tolerance requirements to ensure assembly. The formula will provide a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC hole size to obtain the correct nominal value. Calculate Nominal Size 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 49
  • 50.
    F = Max.Fastener Size = 10.00 T = Positional Tolerance = 0.80 2x M10 X 1.5 (Reference) B A 0.8 2x ??.?? +/- 0.25 M Calculate Required Clearance Hole Size. 2X M10 X 1.5 A B Fixed Fasteners H = 10.00 + 2(0.8) H = _____ H= Min. diameter of clearance hole F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter H=F+2T or T=(H-F)/2 General Equation Used When Positional Tolerances Are Equal In fixed fastener applications where two mating details have equal positional tolerances, the fixed fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the appropriate minimum clearance hole size and/or positional tolerance required to ensure assembly. The formula provides a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance. (Note that in this example the positional tolerances indicated are the same for both parts.) 0.8 M 10P APPLIES WHEN A PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE IS USED Nominal Size (MMC For Calculations) H = F + 2T remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC size to obtain the correct nominal value. 10 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 50
  • 51.
    Surface finish Surface finishis a characteristic of any machined surface. It is sometimes called surface texture or roughness. The design engineer is usually the person that decides what the surface finish of a work piece should be. They base their reasoning on what the work piece is supposed to do. 1/21/2016Velmurugan Sivaraman 51
  • 52.
  • 53.
    Types of Surfacefinish? 1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman 53
  • 54.
    1/21/2016 Velmurugan Sivaraman54 Surface Texture Analysis of cylinder bore
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.