This document provides an introduction to digital signal processing and DSP processors. It discusses why signals are processed digitally, the definition of real-time applications, and typical DSP algorithms like FIR filters. Parameters for choosing a DSP processor include performance, memory, and I/O. Programmable DSPs provide flexibility while ASICs have higher throughput. Texas Instruments' TMS320 family includes fixed-point and floating-point processors. Programmable DSPs allow changing applications while ASICs have higher performance but less flexibility.
8051 microcontroller training (sahil gupta 9068557926)Sahil Gupta
The document provides information on microprocessors and microcontrollers. It discusses that microprocessors are the core of computer systems and are now used to control many communication, entertainment and portable devices. Microprocessors have separate RAM, ROM, I/O components whereas microcontrollers have these components integrated on a single chip. The document then discusses the basic components of a microprocessor system including the CPU, memory types, buses, timers and ports. It provides examples of common microprocessors and microcontrollers and their applications. Key selection criteria for choosing a microcontroller include meeting computing needs efficiently, availability of development tools and source reliability.
8051 microcontroller and embedded training (sahil gupta 9068557926)Sahil Gupta
The document discusses embedded systems and microcontrollers. It provides introductions to embedded systems, their applications, and microcontrollers. Specifically, it describes the 8051 microcontroller, its architecture including RAM, ROM, timers, ports, and registers. It also discusses interfacing the 8051 with common devices like LEDs, LCDs, motors, and 7-segment displays. Finally, it proposes a metro train prototype project using an 8051 to control stepper motors for train movement and door opening/closing, with an LCD for passenger information.
This document discusses an embedded systems presentation submitted by Amandeep Singh. It provides definitions and examples of embedded systems, noting they are designed for specific applications like industrial machines, medical equipment, and toys. It also summarizes key aspects of embedded system components like microcontrollers, addressing modes, and applications. Recent examples highlighted are devices that aid communication for the deaf, integrate weighing and dimension measuring, and allow adjustable cushioning in smart shoes.
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller, including its architecture, pin configuration, memory organization, timers, interrupts, and interfacing capabilities. It describes the 8051's features like on-chip RAM, ROM, timers and low power consumption which make it suitable for control applications. The document outlines the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, and covers various interfacing examples like switches, LEDs, 7-segment displays, LCDs, ADCs and relay interfacing. It concludes with common applications of the 8051 such as in automobiles, industrial processing, robotics and consumer electronics.
Developing an avr microcontroller systemnugnugmacmac
This document provides an introduction to microcontrollers and AVR microcontrollers. It discusses what microprocessors and microcontrollers are, how they are used in various electronic devices. It then focuses on the AVR architecture, its features like flash memory, SRAM, EEPROM. It demonstrates how to interface an AVR chip with an LCD display and program it to display "Hello World". It describes the tools and steps needed to program the AVR, including using AVR Studio, GCC compiler and PonyProg programmer.
The document introduces Microchip's 8-bit PIC microcontrollers and describes their families and features. It discusses the PIC10F/12F, PIC16F and PIC18F families and their applications. It also describes starter kits, development tools and additional resources for working with 8-bit PIC MCUs. Microchip offers low-cost hardware and software solutions to meet various application needs such as automating garden watering.
Embedded system PPT that gives you complete information of Microcontroller & microprocessor.Pins of 8051.Interrupts as well as timer are also discussed.Addressing modes and real worldinterfacing with led,switch,lcd,seven segment as well as motor is also perform.
8051 microcontroller training (sahil gupta 9068557926)Sahil Gupta
The document provides information on microprocessors and microcontrollers. It discusses that microprocessors are the core of computer systems and are now used to control many communication, entertainment and portable devices. Microprocessors have separate RAM, ROM, I/O components whereas microcontrollers have these components integrated on a single chip. The document then discusses the basic components of a microprocessor system including the CPU, memory types, buses, timers and ports. It provides examples of common microprocessors and microcontrollers and their applications. Key selection criteria for choosing a microcontroller include meeting computing needs efficiently, availability of development tools and source reliability.
8051 microcontroller and embedded training (sahil gupta 9068557926)Sahil Gupta
The document discusses embedded systems and microcontrollers. It provides introductions to embedded systems, their applications, and microcontrollers. Specifically, it describes the 8051 microcontroller, its architecture including RAM, ROM, timers, ports, and registers. It also discusses interfacing the 8051 with common devices like LEDs, LCDs, motors, and 7-segment displays. Finally, it proposes a metro train prototype project using an 8051 to control stepper motors for train movement and door opening/closing, with an LCD for passenger information.
This document discusses an embedded systems presentation submitted by Amandeep Singh. It provides definitions and examples of embedded systems, noting they are designed for specific applications like industrial machines, medical equipment, and toys. It also summarizes key aspects of embedded system components like microcontrollers, addressing modes, and applications. Recent examples highlighted are devices that aid communication for the deaf, integrate weighing and dimension measuring, and allow adjustable cushioning in smart shoes.
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller, including its architecture, pin configuration, memory organization, timers, interrupts, and interfacing capabilities. It describes the 8051's features like on-chip RAM, ROM, timers and low power consumption which make it suitable for control applications. The document outlines the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, and covers various interfacing examples like switches, LEDs, 7-segment displays, LCDs, ADCs and relay interfacing. It concludes with common applications of the 8051 such as in automobiles, industrial processing, robotics and consumer electronics.
Developing an avr microcontroller systemnugnugmacmac
This document provides an introduction to microcontrollers and AVR microcontrollers. It discusses what microprocessors and microcontrollers are, how they are used in various electronic devices. It then focuses on the AVR architecture, its features like flash memory, SRAM, EEPROM. It demonstrates how to interface an AVR chip with an LCD display and program it to display "Hello World". It describes the tools and steps needed to program the AVR, including using AVR Studio, GCC compiler and PonyProg programmer.
The document introduces Microchip's 8-bit PIC microcontrollers and describes their families and features. It discusses the PIC10F/12F, PIC16F and PIC18F families and their applications. It also describes starter kits, development tools and additional resources for working with 8-bit PIC MCUs. Microchip offers low-cost hardware and software solutions to meet various application needs such as automating garden watering.
Embedded system PPT that gives you complete information of Microcontroller & microprocessor.Pins of 8051.Interrupts as well as timer are also discussed.Addressing modes and real worldinterfacing with led,switch,lcd,seven segment as well as motor is also perform.
This document provides an introduction to AVR microcontrollers. It discusses the history of microcontrollers beginning in 1971 and components like CPU, ROM, RAM and I/O. AVR microcontrollers were introduced in 1996 and range from 1 to 256KB with 8 to 100 pins. They are cheaper and slower than microprocessors but are useful for specialized applications. The document outlines the AVR architecture and family as well as development tools and support for AVR microcontrollers.
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller, its features, and applications. It provides details on the 8051's architecture including its CPU, memory blocks, I/O ports, timers/counters, and serial communication capabilities. It describes the 8051's registers including TMOD and TCON for timer control. The document also covers the 8051's memory mapping and provides many examples of how 8051 microcontrollers are used in applications like cell phones, appliances, industrial systems, and more.
A microcontroller is a computer system on a single chip that contains a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are commonly used to control objects, processes, or events. They are often embedded in devices to control their functions. A microcontroller contains a CPU, RAM, ROM, flash memory, I/O ports, an ADC, and timers. Common microcontrollers include the Intel 8051, Atmel ATmega 16, and PIC microcontrollers. The microcontroller reads programmed instructions from flash memory and executes them via the CPU to control its I/O pins based on inputs.
The document provides an introduction to the 8051 microprocessor. It discusses why microprocessors are needed in modern devices and the criteria for choosing a microcontroller, such as speed, cost, power consumption, and I/O capabilities. It describes the differences between general purpose microprocessors which have external RAM, ROM, and I/O, and microcontrollers which have these components internally on a single chip. Examples of 8051 family microcontrollers are provided along with their features and applications in devices like appliances, security systems, automobiles, and more.
The microprocessor and microcontroller have similar basic components like an ALU, registers, and timing circuits. However, microcontrollers have additional built-in components like ROM, RAM, and I/O devices. Microprocessors require more external hardware and are more flexible, while microcontrollers require less external hardware but are less flexible in design. The 8051 microcontroller architecture has features like separate program and data memory, boolean processing instructions, timers/counters, serial interface, and I/O ports that can be configured in different ways.
The document provides an overview of AVR microcontrollers, including their history, architecture, types, and common peripherals. AVR microcontrollers were developed by Atmel beginning in 1996 and use on-chip flash memory for program storage. They are available in three categories - Tiny, Mega, and Xmega - with the Mega being the most popular. The AVR architecture employs 32 general purpose registers, static RAM, EEPROM, flash memory, timers/counters, and I/O ports. Common peripherals that can be interfaced include LEDs, 7-segment displays, switches, DC motors, and LCDs. Timers and interrupts are also discussed.
This document provides an overview and agenda for interfacing with the PIC16F877A microcontroller. It discusses the microcontroller's pins and ports, including PORTA-PORTE. It describes the minimum hardware needed and some example input and output devices like LEDs, buttons, and sensors. It then outlines 4 projects involving flashing LEDs, toggling an LED with a button press, and turning on a 220V lamp with a button. The document provides information on timers, analog to digital conversion, communication protocols, and other features of the PIC16F877A.
PIC Introduction and explained in detailedAnkita Tiwari
The document provides an introduction to the PIC microcontroller. It discusses what a microcontroller is, compares microcontrollers to general purpose microprocessors, and briefly outlines the history of the PIC microcontroller. It then describes features of the PIC16F84 microcontroller including its clock generator, reset function, ports, central processing unit, and memory organization including flash memory, RAM, and ROM. It also covers the timer and prescalar functions.
- Microcontrollers are small computers contained on a single chip that contain a processor core, memory, and input/output interfaces. They are used in automatically controlled embedded systems.
- The AVR is a family of microcontrollers developed by Atmel in the 1990s. It uses RISC architecture and is commonly used in hobbyist and commercial projects due to its low cost and availability.
- Code is burned onto AVR microcontrollers using a software program called Atmel Studio, which allows writing code in C or assembly language. The program is then loaded onto the microcontroller through its pins.
The document describes Delta's DVP series of programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It provides an overview of Delta's various PLC models targeting different applications and industries, including standard, motion control, analog I/O, and network PLCs. Key features highlighted include processing speed, memory capacity, built-in interfaces and ports, instruction execution time, and support for industrial communication protocols and motion control functions like electronic cam. Application examples for robot arms and high-speed cutting machines are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of embedded systems and the AVR microcontroller. It discusses how embedded systems combine hardware and software to perform tasks like processing and storing data. Examples of embedded systems include those used in biotechnology, telecom, military, automotive, and consumer electronics. It then describes the AVR microcontroller, its features, memory segments, pin descriptions, and how to interface it with hardware using Embedded C. Code examples are provided to blink LEDs and interface with 7-segment displays and LCDs.
This document provides an overview of AVR and ARM microcontrollers. It discusses Atmel's AVR microcontroller series and key features of the ATmega16 microcontroller. It also covers the ARM7 microcontroller, features of the LPC2148, and interfacing examples for LEDs, LCDs, relays, buzzers, and DC motors. The document concludes by mentioning AVR Studio 4 and μVision4 as integrated development environments for programming AVR and ARM microcontrollers.
The document discusses the PIC16F877A microcontroller. It provides details about its architecture, memory organization, peripherals like timers and serial communication modules, interrupts, and how to interface it with an LCD display. The PIC16F877A is a Harvard architecture microcontroller with an in-built ADC. It has program memory, data memory, timers, serial communication capabilities using SPI and I2C protocols, and 15 interrupt sources. Code examples are given to initialize and send data to a 16x2 LCD display using the PIC16F877A.
The document discusses Delta's AH Series PLC, a mid-range programmable logic controller. It provides automation solutions for high-level applications using a modular hardware structure, advanced functions, and integrated software. Key features include redundant and hot-swappable components, various function blocks, abundant I/O modules, motion control capabilities, and integrated programming software. The AH Series is suitable for applications in industries such as HVAC, papermaking, and facilities monitoring and control.
The document provides an overview of the ATMega32 microcontroller. It describes the microcontroller's key features which include being 8-bit, low-power, and having 32Kbytes of programmable flash memory. It also outlines the microcontroller's ports, power sources, and oscillator options. Programming tools that can be used with the ATMega32 like various compilers and hardware programmers are also listed.
The document provides information about the 8051 microcontroller. It discusses the internal architecture and features of the 8051 microcontroller. The 8051 has 4KB of ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, four I/O ports, two timers, interrupts and more built into a single chip. It also compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, explaining that microcontrollers have internal memory and I/O ports built-in, while microprocessors do not. Additionally, it outlines the memory organization of the 8051, including its internal and external memory layout.
This document provides an overview of digital signal processors (DSPs). It discusses how DSPs are specialized processors that are optimized for real-time signal processing applications like filtering. DSPs offer advantages over general purpose processors and analog signal processing techniques, including programmability, reduced noise susceptibility, and lower power consumption. The document compares different DSP families from Texas Instruments and discusses their applications and key parameters.
This document provides an overview of digital signal processors (DSPs). It defines a DSP as an integrated circuit designed for high-speed data manipulation used in applications such as audio, communications, and image processing. The document discusses how DSPs work by converting analog signals to digital signals and processing them. It explains that DSPs are needed because they can perform multiplication and division faster than general-purpose processors. The rest of the document details the architecture of DSPs, examples of DSP chip families like TMS320, and how instruction pipelining is implemented on the TMS320C54X DSP processor.
This document provides an introduction to AVR microcontrollers. It discusses the history of microcontrollers beginning in 1971 and components like CPU, ROM, RAM and I/O. AVR microcontrollers were introduced in 1996 and range from 1 to 256KB with 8 to 100 pins. They are cheaper and slower than microprocessors but are useful for specialized applications. The document outlines the AVR architecture and family as well as development tools and support for AVR microcontrollers.
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller, its features, and applications. It provides details on the 8051's architecture including its CPU, memory blocks, I/O ports, timers/counters, and serial communication capabilities. It describes the 8051's registers including TMOD and TCON for timer control. The document also covers the 8051's memory mapping and provides many examples of how 8051 microcontrollers are used in applications like cell phones, appliances, industrial systems, and more.
A microcontroller is a computer system on a single chip that contains a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are commonly used to control objects, processes, or events. They are often embedded in devices to control their functions. A microcontroller contains a CPU, RAM, ROM, flash memory, I/O ports, an ADC, and timers. Common microcontrollers include the Intel 8051, Atmel ATmega 16, and PIC microcontrollers. The microcontroller reads programmed instructions from flash memory and executes them via the CPU to control its I/O pins based on inputs.
The document provides an introduction to the 8051 microprocessor. It discusses why microprocessors are needed in modern devices and the criteria for choosing a microcontroller, such as speed, cost, power consumption, and I/O capabilities. It describes the differences between general purpose microprocessors which have external RAM, ROM, and I/O, and microcontrollers which have these components internally on a single chip. Examples of 8051 family microcontrollers are provided along with their features and applications in devices like appliances, security systems, automobiles, and more.
The microprocessor and microcontroller have similar basic components like an ALU, registers, and timing circuits. However, microcontrollers have additional built-in components like ROM, RAM, and I/O devices. Microprocessors require more external hardware and are more flexible, while microcontrollers require less external hardware but are less flexible in design. The 8051 microcontroller architecture has features like separate program and data memory, boolean processing instructions, timers/counters, serial interface, and I/O ports that can be configured in different ways.
The document provides an overview of AVR microcontrollers, including their history, architecture, types, and common peripherals. AVR microcontrollers were developed by Atmel beginning in 1996 and use on-chip flash memory for program storage. They are available in three categories - Tiny, Mega, and Xmega - with the Mega being the most popular. The AVR architecture employs 32 general purpose registers, static RAM, EEPROM, flash memory, timers/counters, and I/O ports. Common peripherals that can be interfaced include LEDs, 7-segment displays, switches, DC motors, and LCDs. Timers and interrupts are also discussed.
This document provides an overview and agenda for interfacing with the PIC16F877A microcontroller. It discusses the microcontroller's pins and ports, including PORTA-PORTE. It describes the minimum hardware needed and some example input and output devices like LEDs, buttons, and sensors. It then outlines 4 projects involving flashing LEDs, toggling an LED with a button press, and turning on a 220V lamp with a button. The document provides information on timers, analog to digital conversion, communication protocols, and other features of the PIC16F877A.
PIC Introduction and explained in detailedAnkita Tiwari
The document provides an introduction to the PIC microcontroller. It discusses what a microcontroller is, compares microcontrollers to general purpose microprocessors, and briefly outlines the history of the PIC microcontroller. It then describes features of the PIC16F84 microcontroller including its clock generator, reset function, ports, central processing unit, and memory organization including flash memory, RAM, and ROM. It also covers the timer and prescalar functions.
- Microcontrollers are small computers contained on a single chip that contain a processor core, memory, and input/output interfaces. They are used in automatically controlled embedded systems.
- The AVR is a family of microcontrollers developed by Atmel in the 1990s. It uses RISC architecture and is commonly used in hobbyist and commercial projects due to its low cost and availability.
- Code is burned onto AVR microcontrollers using a software program called Atmel Studio, which allows writing code in C or assembly language. The program is then loaded onto the microcontroller through its pins.
The document describes Delta's DVP series of programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It provides an overview of Delta's various PLC models targeting different applications and industries, including standard, motion control, analog I/O, and network PLCs. Key features highlighted include processing speed, memory capacity, built-in interfaces and ports, instruction execution time, and support for industrial communication protocols and motion control functions like electronic cam. Application examples for robot arms and high-speed cutting machines are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of embedded systems and the AVR microcontroller. It discusses how embedded systems combine hardware and software to perform tasks like processing and storing data. Examples of embedded systems include those used in biotechnology, telecom, military, automotive, and consumer electronics. It then describes the AVR microcontroller, its features, memory segments, pin descriptions, and how to interface it with hardware using Embedded C. Code examples are provided to blink LEDs and interface with 7-segment displays and LCDs.
This document provides an overview of AVR and ARM microcontrollers. It discusses Atmel's AVR microcontroller series and key features of the ATmega16 microcontroller. It also covers the ARM7 microcontroller, features of the LPC2148, and interfacing examples for LEDs, LCDs, relays, buzzers, and DC motors. The document concludes by mentioning AVR Studio 4 and μVision4 as integrated development environments for programming AVR and ARM microcontrollers.
The document discusses the PIC16F877A microcontroller. It provides details about its architecture, memory organization, peripherals like timers and serial communication modules, interrupts, and how to interface it with an LCD display. The PIC16F877A is a Harvard architecture microcontroller with an in-built ADC. It has program memory, data memory, timers, serial communication capabilities using SPI and I2C protocols, and 15 interrupt sources. Code examples are given to initialize and send data to a 16x2 LCD display using the PIC16F877A.
The document discusses Delta's AH Series PLC, a mid-range programmable logic controller. It provides automation solutions for high-level applications using a modular hardware structure, advanced functions, and integrated software. Key features include redundant and hot-swappable components, various function blocks, abundant I/O modules, motion control capabilities, and integrated programming software. The AH Series is suitable for applications in industries such as HVAC, papermaking, and facilities monitoring and control.
The document provides an overview of the ATMega32 microcontroller. It describes the microcontroller's key features which include being 8-bit, low-power, and having 32Kbytes of programmable flash memory. It also outlines the microcontroller's ports, power sources, and oscillator options. Programming tools that can be used with the ATMega32 like various compilers and hardware programmers are also listed.
The document provides information about the 8051 microcontroller. It discusses the internal architecture and features of the 8051 microcontroller. The 8051 has 4KB of ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, four I/O ports, two timers, interrupts and more built into a single chip. It also compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, explaining that microcontrollers have internal memory and I/O ports built-in, while microprocessors do not. Additionally, it outlines the memory organization of the 8051, including its internal and external memory layout.
This document provides an overview of digital signal processors (DSPs). It discusses how DSPs are specialized processors that are optimized for real-time signal processing applications like filtering. DSPs offer advantages over general purpose processors and analog signal processing techniques, including programmability, reduced noise susceptibility, and lower power consumption. The document compares different DSP families from Texas Instruments and discusses their applications and key parameters.
This document provides an overview of digital signal processors (DSPs). It defines a DSP as an integrated circuit designed for high-speed data manipulation used in applications such as audio, communications, and image processing. The document discusses how DSPs work by converting analog signals to digital signals and processing them. It explains that DSPs are needed because they can perform multiplication and division faster than general-purpose processors. The rest of the document details the architecture of DSPs, examples of DSP chip families like TMS320, and how instruction pipelining is implemented on the TMS320C54X DSP processor.
The document discusses using FPGAs for medical imaging applications like CT scanners. It describes how FPGAs can be used to distribute data to and from DSPs, act as a coprocessor to a DSP, or replace DSPs altogether by using soft CPU and parallel processing structures. An FPGA coprocessing solution leverages existing DSP software while using the FPGA to accelerate processing-intensive code. FPGAs offer benefits over DSPs like higher clock rates, more instructions per cycle, and more flexible I/O. They are increasingly important for medical imaging due to their ability to handle high performance processing needs.
Digital Signal Processing (DSP) converts analog signals into digital data that can be analyzed more easily in digital form. Scientech Technologies' DSP Lab 2.0 is an integrated solution for establishing a DSP-based embedded systems lab using a TI 6000 platform to learn digital signal processing and real-time DSP applications. The lab includes hardware, software, and experiments to perform tasks like sampling, filtering, modulation, and audio signal processing.
IRJET- A Digital Down Converter on Zynq SoCIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a digital down converter (DDC) on a Zynq System on Chip (SoC). Key points:
- The DDC is designed for airborne radar receivers to downconvert high sample rate digitized signals to a lower frequency for easier processing.
- The DDC implementation includes a direct digital synthesizer to generate input signals, complex multiplication for mixing, and a two-stage decimation and filtering process.
- The design is implemented on a Zynq SoC which provides the flexibility of a processor and programmability of an FPGA.
- Results show the DDC design achieves significant improvements in resource utilization compared to a full
Acquired analog signals can be manipulated and processed by either the analog or digital portions of a system, for example, through filtering, multiplexing, and gain control. The analog portions of a system can typically provide reasonably simple processing at fairly low cost, power, and overhead. Digital processing can provide far greater analysis power and can alter the nature of the analysis without changing hardware. Sampling theory, however, must be taken into account. This session covers the signal chain basics from signal to sensor to amplifier to converter to digital processor and back out again.
Partitioning Data Acquisition Systems (Design Conference 2013)Analog Devices, Inc.
Acquired analog signals can be manipulated and processed by either the analog or digital portions of a system, for example, through filtering, multiplexing, and gain control. The analog portions of a system can typically provide reasonably simple processing at fairly low cost, power, and overhead. Digital processing can provide far greater analysis power and can alter the nature of the analysis without changing hardware. Sampling theory, however, must be taken into account. This session covers the signal chain basics from signal to sensor to amplifier to converter to digital processor and back out again.
REAL TIME SPECIAL EFFECTS GENERATION AND NOISE FILTRATION OF AUDIO SIGNAL USI...ijcsa
Digital signal processing is being increasingly used for audio processing applications. Digital audio effects
refer to all those algorithms that are used for enhancing sound in any of the steps of a processing chain of
music production. Real time audio effects generation is a highly challenging task in the field of signal
processing. Now a day, almost every high end multimedia audio device does digital signal processing in
one form or another. For years musicians have used different techniques to give their music a unique
sound. Earlier, these techniques were implemented after a lot of work and experimentation. However, now
with the emergence of digital signal processing this task is simplified to a great extent. In this article, the
generations of special effects like echo, flanging, reverberation, stereo, karaoke, noise filtering etc are
successfully implemented using MATLAB and an attractive GUI has been designed for the same.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2022/06/designing-the-next-ultra-low-power-always-on-solution-a-presentation-from-cadence/
Amol Borkar, Director of Product Management and Marketing for Tensilica Vision and AI DSPs at Cadence, presents the “Designing the Next Ultra-Low-Power Always-On Solution” tutorial at the May 2022 Embedded Vision Summit.
Increasingly, users expect their systems to be ready to respond at any time—for example, using a voice command to launch a music playlist. System designers have traditionally relied on classical signal processing techniques on simple microcontrollers to implement such features. Today, as more and more devices incorporate cameras and other types of sensors, there’s a growing desire to enable “always-on” functionality using more than just wake words—for example, so that a doorbell camera can wake up when a person approaches.
These enhancements require clever AI algorithms that can reliably detect events of interest. And, to enable “always-on” capability, these sophisticated algorithms often must be implemented with ultra-low power consumption, especially for battery-powered devices. In this presentation, Borkar shares the trends his company has observed in always-on features and applications and highlights the latest additions to the Cadence Tensilica processor portfolio that address the needs of ultra-low-power, always-on applications.
The document describes three types of embedded systems: small scale, medium scale, and sophisticated. Small scale systems use a single microcontroller with little hardware/software complexity. Medium scale systems can use multiple microcontrollers or DSPs with more complex hardware/software. Sophisticated systems have significant hardware/software complexity and may require specialized processors. The document also discusses different types of processors used in embedded systems like microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSPs, and application-specific processors.
This document discusses digital signal processors (DSPs) and their architectures. It notes that DSPs are optimized for repetitive numeric computations on digitally represented signals, requiring high memory bandwidth and real-time processing. Key characteristics of DSP architectures include specialized data paths for fixed-point multiply-accumulate operations, multiple memory banks and buses, specialized instruction sets and addressing modes, and specialized peripherals. The document provides examples of DSP algorithms like FIR filtering and how DSPs are designed to efficiently implement such algorithms through parallelism and optimized memory structures.
Real-Time Signal Processing: Implementation and Applicationsathish sak
This document discusses real-time signal processing, including what it means, why it is used, and platforms for implementation. Real-time signal processing allows signals to be collected, analyzed, and modified in real-time as they occur. It is used to avoid time and money lost when collecting and processing data separately. Common platforms include software/PC, hardware like FPGAs, and firmware/hardware like DSPs, each with their own benefits and drawbacks relating to flexibility, speed, cost, and practicality. The document focuses on DSPs as a popular "middle ground" option and discusses code generation applications and the Embedded Target for TI's C6711 DSP.
The document discusses a digital signal processing (DSP) and field programmable gate array (FPGA) video starter kit. It includes a DSP FPGA development board, image sensor, and software. The kit is used to design systems for applications like machine vision, surveillance, and automotive driver assistance through image processing on the FPGA.
The document provides an overview of the Analog Devices Blackfin processor BF532. Some key points:
- The BF532 is a high-performance embedded processor designed for audio, video, automotive and other applications. It combines a 32-bit RISC instruction set with dual 16-bit MAC units and 8-bit video processing.
- It features a maximum clock speed of 600MHz, two 16-bit MACs, two 40-bit ALUs, four 8-bit video ALUs, and 148KB of on-chip memory. It supports interfaces like SPI, parallel ports, UART and has peripherals like timers and DMA.
- The document discusses the Blackfin architecture
Biomedical digital signal processing : Digital Hearing Aid Pooja Yadav
This document will cover the application of digital signal processing in hearing aid.
Contents:
1. Introduction to Digital Signal Processing(DSP) in hearing aid
2. Advantages of DSP
3. Limitations of DSP
4. Analysis on its physical advantages
5. Conclusion
High Performance DSP with Xilinx All Programmable Devices (Design Conference ...Analog Devices, Inc.
This session includes a discussion on rapid prototyping concepts using Xilinx All Programmable FPGAs and SoCs with Analog Devices high speed and precision products. Covered in this session will be common use cases for Xilinx devices in DSP applications that interface to high speed analog. An overview will be provided of how Xilinx accelerates development with DSP platforms that can be used to quickly evaluate and prototype systems that include high speed analog, programmable logic, and embedded processing. Also covered will be an introduction to Xilinx’s new Vivado Design Suite development environment that shortens design cycles by providing an IP centric design flow, easy to use design analysis and debug, and high level design flows supporting C/C++ and MATLAB/Simulink.
The document describes a project to implement a finite impulse response (FIR) filter on an ADSP-BF537 digital signal processor. It provides background on FIR filters and their properties. The project involved generating filter coefficients in Matlab, programming the FIR algorithm on the DSP board using tools like VisualDSP++, and simulating the lowpass filter output on a spectrum analyzer. Key instruments used included an oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer, function generator, and an evaluation board with the Blackfin DSP processor.
This document discusses digital signal processors (DSPs), their applications, and architectures. It begins by describing how DSPs are used for embedded processors and applications involving audio, wireless communications, networking, and more. It then discusses the market for DSP products and how DSPs are mapped onto system-on-a-chip designs for uses like cellular phones. The document concludes by comparing DSP and general-purpose processor architectures, noting specialized features of DSPs like data paths configured for fixed-point arithmetic, multiply-accumulate units, and specialized addressing modes.
Digital signal processing involves representing and processing signals in the form of discrete numeric values. It has various applications including radar, biomedical monitoring, speech recognition, communications, image processing, and multimedia. Key aspects of digital signal processing implementation are analog to digital conversion, digital processing, and digital to analog conversion. Limitations include information loss due to sampling, aliasing effects, limited frequency resolution, and quantization error. However, digital signal processing provides advantages such as reprogrammability, accuracy control, easy storage and transport of signals, and ability to implement sophisticated algorithms.
The document discusses challenges in designing low power speech processing systems-on-chip (SoCs). It outlines C-DAC's focus on low power applications and describes their ASTRA portfolio of IPs. It then covers various low power design techniques like clock gating, power gating, voltage and frequency scaling. The document concludes by describing C-DAC's NAADA speech processor SoC that integrates these techniques and achieves less than 5mW power consumption.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
2. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 2
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Why process signals digitally?Why process signals digitally?
Definition of a real-time application.Definition of a real-time application.
Why useWhy use DDigitaligital SSignalignal PProcessingrocessing
processors?processors?
What are the typicalWhat are the typical DSPDSP algorithms?algorithms?
Parameters to consider when choosing aParameters to consider when choosing a
DSP processor.DSP processor.
Programmable vs ASIC DSP.Programmable vs ASIC DSP.
Texas Instruments’ TMS320 family.Texas Instruments’ TMS320 family.
3. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 3
Why go digital?Why go digital?
Digital signal processing techniques areDigital signal processing techniques are
now so powerful that sometimes it isnow so powerful that sometimes it is
extremely difficult, if not impossible, forextremely difficult, if not impossible, for
analogue signal processing to achieveanalogue signal processing to achieve
similar performance.similar performance.
Examples:Examples:
FIR filter with linear phase.FIR filter with linear phase.
Adaptive filters.Adaptive filters.
4. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 4
Why go digital?Why go digital?
Analogue signal processing is achievedAnalogue signal processing is achieved
by using analogue components such as:by using analogue components such as:
Resistors.Resistors.
Capacitors.Capacitors.
Inductors.Inductors.
The inherent tolerances associated withThe inherent tolerances associated with
these components, temperature, voltagethese components, temperature, voltage
changes and mechanical vibrations canchanges and mechanical vibrations can
dramatically affect the effectiveness ofdramatically affect the effectiveness of
the analogue circuitry.the analogue circuitry.
5. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 5
Why go digital?Why go digital?
With DSP it is easy to:With DSP it is easy to:
Change applications.Change applications.
Correct applications.Correct applications.
Update applications.Update applications.
Additionally DSP reduces:Additionally DSP reduces:
Noise susceptibility.Noise susceptibility.
Chip count.Chip count.
Development time.Development time.
Cost.Cost.
Power consumption.Power consumption.
6. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 6
Why NOT go digital?Why NOT go digital?
High frequency signals cannot beHigh frequency signals cannot be
processed digitally because of twoprocessed digitally because of two
reasons:reasons:
AAnalog tonalog to DDigitaligital CConverters,onverters, ADCADC cannotcannot
work fast enough.work fast enough.
The application can be too complex to beThe application can be too complex to be
performed inperformed in real-time.
7. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 7
DSP processors have to perform tasksDSP processors have to perform tasks
in real-time, so how do we define real-in real-time, so how do we define real-
time?time?
The definition of real-time depends onThe definition of real-time depends on
the application.the application.
Example: a 100-tap FIR filter isExample: a 100-tap FIR filter is
performed in real-time if the DSP canperformed in real-time if the DSP can
perform and complete the followingperform and complete the following
operation between two samples:operation between two samples:
Real-time processingReal-time processing
( ) ( ) ( )∑=
−=
99
0k
knxkany
8. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 8
We can say that we have a real-timeWe can say that we have a real-time
application if:application if:
Waiting TimeWaiting Time ≥≥ 00
Real-time processingReal-time processing
Processing TimeProcessing Time
WaitingWaiting
TimeTime
Sample TimeSample Time
nn n+1n+1
9. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 9
Why not use a General PurposeWhy not use a General Purpose
Processor (GPP) such as a PentiumProcessor (GPP) such as a Pentium
instead of a DSP processor?instead of a DSP processor?
What is theWhat is the power consumptionpower consumption of aof a
Pentium and a DSP processor?Pentium and a DSP processor?
What is theWhat is the costcost of a Pentium and a DSPof a Pentium and a DSP
processor?processor?
Why do we need DSP processors?Why do we need DSP processors?
10. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 10
Use a DSP processor when the followingUse a DSP processor when the following
are required:are required:
Cost saving.Cost saving.
Smaller size.Smaller size.
Low power consumption.Low power consumption.
Processing of many “high” frequencyProcessing of many “high” frequency
signals in real-time.signals in real-time.
Use a GPP processor when the followingUse a GPP processor when the following
are required:are required:
Large memory.Large memory.
Advanced operating systems.Advanced operating systems.
Why do we need DSP processors?Why do we need DSP processors?
11. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 11
What are the typical DSP algorithms?What are the typical DSP algorithms?
Algorithm Equation
Finite Impulse Response Filter
Infinite Impulse Response Filter
Convolution
Discrete Fourier Transform
Discrete Cosine Transform
The Sum of Products (SOP) is the keyThe Sum of Products (SOP) is the key
element in most DSP algorithms:element in most DSP algorithms:
12. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 12
Hardware vs. Microcode multiplicationHardware vs. Microcode multiplication
DSP processors are optimised to performDSP processors are optimised to perform
multiplication and addition operations.multiplication and addition operations.
Multiplication and addition are done inMultiplication and addition are done in
hardware and in one cycle.hardware and in one cycle.
Example: 4-bit multiply (unsigned).Example: 4-bit multiply (unsigned).
10111011
x 1110x 1110
10111011
x 1110x 1110
HardwareHardware MicrocodeMicrocode
1001101010011010 00000000
1011.1011.
1011..1011..
1011...1011...
1001101010011010
Cycle 1Cycle 1
Cycle 2Cycle 2
Cycle 3Cycle 3
Cycle 4Cycle 4
Cycle 5Cycle 5
13. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 13
Parameters to consider when choosing a DSPParameters to consider when choosing a DSP
processorprocessor
Parameter
Arithmetic format
Extended floating point
Extended Arithmetic
Performance (peak)
Number of hardware multipliers
Number of registers
Internal L1 program memory cache
Internal L1 data memory cache
Internal L2 cache
32-bit
N/A
40-bit
1200MIPS
2 (16 x 16-bit) with
32-bit result
32
32K
32K
512K
32-bit
64-bit
40-bit
1200MFLOPS
2 (32 x 32-bit) with
32 or 64-bit result
32
32K
32K
512K
TMS320C6211
(@150MHz)
TMS320C6711
(@150MHz)
C6711 Datasheet:C6711 Datasheet: LinksTMS320C6711.pdfLinksTMS320C6711.pdf
C6211 Datasheet:C6211 Datasheet: LinksTMS320C6211.pdfLinksTMS320C6211.pdf
14. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 14
Parameters to consider when choosing a DSPParameters to consider when choosing a DSP
processorprocessor
Parameter
I/O bandwidth: Serial Ports
(number/speed)
DMA channels
Multiprocessor support
Supply voltage
Power management
On-chip timers (number/width)
Cost
Package
External memory interface controller
JTAG
2 x 75Mbps
16
Not inherent
3.3V I/O, 1.8V Core
Yes
2 x 32-bit
US$ 21.54
256 Pin BGA
Yes
Yes
2 x 75Mbps
16
Not inherent
3.3V I/O, 1.8V Core
Yes
2 x 32-bit
US$ 21.54
256 Pin BGA
Yes
Yes
TMS320C6211
(@150MHz)
TMS320C6711
(@150MHz)
15. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 15
Floating vs. Fixed point processorsFloating vs. Fixed point processors
Applications which require:Applications which require:
High precision.High precision.
Wide dynamic range.Wide dynamic range.
High signal-to-noise ratio.High signal-to-noise ratio.
Ease of use.Ease of use.
Need a floating point processor.Need a floating point processor.
Drawback of floating point processors:Drawback of floating point processors:
Higher power consumption.Higher power consumption.
Can be more expensive.Can be more expensive.
Can be slower than fixed-pointCan be slower than fixed-point
counterparts and larger in size.counterparts and larger in size.
16. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 16
Floating vs. Fixed point processorsFloating vs. Fixed point processors
It is the application that dictates whichIt is the application that dictates which
device and platform to use in order todevice and platform to use in order to
achieve optimum performance at a lowachieve optimum performance at a low
cost.cost.
For educational purposes, use theFor educational purposes, use the
floating-point device (C6711) as it canfloating-point device (C6711) as it can
support both fixed and floating pointsupport both fixed and floating point
operations.operations.
17. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 17
General Purpose DSP vs. DSP in ASICGeneral Purpose DSP vs. DSP in ASIC
Application Specific Integrated CircuitsApplication Specific Integrated Circuits
(ASICs) are semiconductors designed(ASICs) are semiconductors designed
for dedicated functions.for dedicated functions.
The advantages and disadvantages ofThe advantages and disadvantages of
using ASICs are listed below:using ASICs are listed below:
AdvantagesAdvantages
• High throughputHigh throughput
• Lower silicon areaLower silicon area
• Lower power consumptionLower power consumption
• Improved reliabilityImproved reliability
• Reduction in system noiseReduction in system noise
• Low overall system costLow overall system cost
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• High investment costHigh investment cost
• Less flexibilityLess flexibility
• Long time from design toLong time from design to
marketmarket
18. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 18
Texas Instruments’ TMS320 familyTexas Instruments’ TMS320 family
Different families and sub-families existDifferent families and sub-families exist
to support different markets.to support different markets.
Lowest CostLowest Cost
Control SystemsControl Systems
Motor ControlMotor Control
StorageStorage
Digital Ctrl SystemsDigital Ctrl Systems
C2000C2000 C5000C5000
EfficiencyEfficiency
Best MIPS perBest MIPS per
Watt / Dollar / SizeWatt / Dollar / Size
Wireless phonesWireless phones
Internet audio playersInternet audio players
Digital still camerasDigital still cameras
ModemsModems
TelephonyTelephony
VoIPVoIP
C6000C6000
Multi Channel andMulti Channel and
Multi Function App'sMulti Function App's
Comm InfrastructureComm Infrastructure
Wireless Base-stationsWireless Base-stations
DSLDSL
ImagingImaging
Multi-media ServersMulti-media Servers
VideoVideo
PerformancePerformance &&
BestBest Ease-of-UseEase-of-Use
19. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 19
TMS320C64x: The C64x fixed-point DSPs offer the industry's highest level of
performance to address the demands of the digital age. At clock rates of up
to 1 GHz, C64x DSPs can process information at rates up to 8000 MIPS with
costs as low as $19.95. In addition to a high clock rate, C64x DSPs can do
more work each cycle with built-in extensions. These extensions include new
instructions to accelerate performance in key application areas such as
digital communications infrastructure and video and image processing.
TMS320C62x: These first-generation fixed-point DSPs represent
breakthrough technology that enables new equipments and energizes
existing implementations for multi-channel, multi-function applications, such
as wireless base stations, remote access servers (RAS), digital subscriber
loop (xDSL) systems, personalized home security systems, advanced
imaging/biometrics, industrial scanners, precision instrumentation and multi-
channel telephony systems.
TMS320C67x: For designers of high-precision applications, C67x floating-
point DSPs offer the speed, precision, power savings and dynamic range to
meet a wide variety of design needs. These dynamic DSPs are the ideal
solution for demanding applications like audio, medical imaging,
instrumentation and automotive.
20. Dr. Naimhapter 1, Slide 20
C6000 RoadmapC6000 Roadmap
Performance
Time
C62x/C64x/DM642: Fixed Point
C67x: Floating Point
C62x/C64x/DM642: Fixed Point
C67x: Floating Point
Highest
Performance
Object Code Software Compatibility
Floating PointFloating Point
Multi-coreMulti-core C64x™
DSP
1.1 GHz
C64x™
DSP
1.1 GHz
C6201
C6701
C6202
C6203
C6211
C6711
C6204
1st Generation
C6713C6713
C6205
C6712
C6412C6412 DM642DM642
2nd Generation
C6415C6415
C6416C6416
C6411C6411
C6414C6414