This document provides an overview of digital signal processing (DSP). It begins by defining an analog signal and a digital signal. It then describes the basic components of a DSP system, which includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert the analog input signal to digital, a digital signal processor to process the digital signal, and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to reconstruct the analog output signal. Finally, it discusses some advantages and limitations of DSP systems compared to analog systems and provides examples of DSP applications.
Digital: Operating by the use of discrete signals to represent data in the form of numbers.
Signal: A parameter (Electrical quantity or effect) that can be varied in such a way as to convey information.
Processing: A series operations performed according to programmed instructions.
Digital: Operating by the use of discrete signals to represent data in the form of numbers.
Signal: A parameter (Electrical quantity or effect) that can be varied in such a way as to convey information.
Processing: A series operations performed according to programmed instructions.
Salient Features:
The magnitude response is nearly constant(equal to 1) at lower frequencies
There are no ripples in passband and stop band
The maximum gain occurs at Ω=0 and it is H(Ω)=1
The magnitude response is monotonically decreasing
As the order of the filter ‘N’ increases, the response of the filter is more close to the ideal response
Here is a brief presentation on application of digital signal processing i.e. image processing.
This presentation covers:
What is DSP?
What is IP?
What is DIP?
DIP techniques.
APPLICATION OF DSP IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERINGpirh khan
DSP IS NOW A MAJOR BRANCH OF ENGINEERING AND OFTEN USED IN MANY FIELDS. THE PRESENTATION DEALS WITH APPLICATION OF DSP IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING FIELD.
DSP- use of digital processing, such as by computers or more specialized digital signal processors,to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations.
Salient Features:
The magnitude response is nearly constant(equal to 1) at lower frequencies
There are no ripples in passband and stop band
The maximum gain occurs at Ω=0 and it is H(Ω)=1
The magnitude response is monotonically decreasing
As the order of the filter ‘N’ increases, the response of the filter is more close to the ideal response
Here is a brief presentation on application of digital signal processing i.e. image processing.
This presentation covers:
What is DSP?
What is IP?
What is DIP?
DIP techniques.
APPLICATION OF DSP IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERINGpirh khan
DSP IS NOW A MAJOR BRANCH OF ENGINEERING AND OFTEN USED IN MANY FIELDS. THE PRESENTATION DEALS WITH APPLICATION OF DSP IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING FIELD.
DSP- use of digital processing, such as by computers or more specialized digital signal processors,to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations.
(If visualization is slow, please try downloading the file.)
Part 1 of a tutorial given in the Brazilian Physical Society meeting, ENFMC. Abstract: Density-functional theory (DFT) was developed 50 years ago, connecting fundamental quantum methods from early days of quantum mechanics to our days of computer-powered science. Today DFT is the most widely used method in electronic structure calculations. It helps moving forward materials sciences from a single atom to nanoclusters and biomolecules, connecting solid-state, quantum chemistry, atomic and molecular physics, biophysics and beyond. In this tutorial, I will try to clarify this pathway under a historical view, presenting the DFT pillars and its building blocks, namely, the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem, the Kohn-Sham scheme, the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA). I would like to open the black box misconception of the method, and present a more pedagogical and solid perspective on DFT.
The discrete Fourier transform has many applications in science and engineering. For example, it is often used in digital signal processing applications such as voice recognition and image processing.
This presentation deals with the most important part of LABVIEW which is the Data Acquisition which mainly deals with how the signal is generated and distributed virtually.
Simple description about the analog and digital signals
and a description about analog to digital conversion &
digital to analog conversion..............
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
2. • Signal
• Signal Classification
• Signal Processing
• Concept of Systems
• DSP
• Elements of DSP
• Advantages of DSP
• Limitations
• Applications
3. • A word ‘Signal’ comes from latin ‘Signum’ which
means ‘Sign’.
• “ A signal is a quantity or effect such as current or
voltage that can be varied in such a way as to
convey information.” OR
• “ A signal is defined as a mathematical function that
conveys information about the state or behavior of a
physical system.”
• Examples: electrical current, voltage, force,
speed, speech, music, picture and video signals
etc
5. • An analog or analogue signal is any continuous
signal for which the time varying feature.
• An analog signal is a signal that exists at every
instant of time
• A continuous signal is often referred to as
continuous time or analog.
• The independent variable is a continuous variable
• Continuous signal can assume any value over a
continuous range of numbers
6. • It is a special form of discrete time signal
which is discrete in time and amplitude.
• A digital signal is acquired by representing the
sampled analog value into a finite set of values
(quantization).
• These signals are called digital because the
samples are represented by digits.
7. Computer, Semiconduct and Information Science
1960’s-1970’s
Representation, transformation and manipulation
of signals and the information they contain.
Signal operation include:
(1) Transform, filter, inspection, spectrum analysis;
(2) Modulation and coding;
(3) Analog Signal Processing;
(4) Digital Signal Processing.
8. System
Device or technology of signal processing
Analog System
System with analog input and output.
Digital System
System with digital input and output.
14. a bit loudAnalog Computer
Digital Computer
ADC
DSP
DAC OUTPUT
1010 1001
a bit loud
15. • Converting a continuously changing waveform (analog)
into a series of discrete levels (digital).
• The analog waveform is sliced into equal segments and
the waveform amplitude is measured in the middle of
each segment
• The collection of measurements make up the digital
representation of the waveform
16. • A basic DSP system is composed of:
• An ADC providing digital samples of an analog input
• A Digital Processing system
• A DAC converting processed samples to analog
output
• Real-time signal processing: All processing operation
must be complete between two consecutive samples
19. 1. An analog input
2. An analog filter,
3. An analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) unit,
4. A digital signal (DS) processor,
5. A digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) unit,
6. and a reconstruction (anti-image) filter.
20. • The analog input signal, which is continuous in
• time and amplitude.
• It is the signal generated from some transducer
or some communication system.
• Examples of such analog signals include current,
voltage, temperature, pressure.
• It may be biomedical signal like ECG or EEG.
• Generally it is analog in nature. It is denoted by
x(t).
21. • This is basically a low pass filter.
• It is used for the following purposes.
It removes the high frequency noise contained
in input signal.
As the name indicates, it avoids aliasing effect.
That means it is used to band limit the signal.
22. • The band-limited signal at the output of the
analog filter is then sampled and converted
into the digital signal, which is discrete both
in time and in amplitude.
• This is required because digital signal
processor accepts the signal which is digital
in nature.
23. • It processes input signal digitally.
• In a simple language processing of input signal
means modifying the signal as per requirement.
• It consists of lowpass, highpass, and bandpass
digital filtering, or other algorithms for different
applications.
• DS processor is a special type of digital computer
consists of , a microprocessor, or an advanced
microcontroller; and can be implemented using
software in general.
24. • The DAC unit, converts the output of the digital
signal processor into an analog output signal.
• The signal is continuous in time and discrete in
amplitude.
25. • Output signal of DAC is an analog, that means it
is a continuous signal.
• It may contain high frequency components which
are unwanted.
• To remove these components, reconstruction
filter is used.
26. 1. Versatility
Digital systems can be reprogrammed for
other applications ( where programmable DSP
chips are used). Moreover, digital systems can be
ported to different hardware
2. Repeatability
Digital systems can be easily duplicated.
These systems do not depend upon component
tolerances and temperature.
27. 3. Simplicity:
It is easy to built any digital system as
compared to an analog one.
4. Accuracy:
To design an analog system, analog
components like resistors, capacitors and inductors
are used.
The tolerance of these components reduce
accuracy of the system.
While in case of DSP; much better accuracy is
obtained.
28. 5. Remote Processing
Analog signals are difficult to store because
of problems like noise and distortion.
While digital signal can be easily stored on storage
media like magnetic tapes, disks etc.
Thus as compared to analog signals digital signals
can be easily transposed.
So remote processing of digital signal can be done
easily.
29. 6. Implementation of algorithms:
The mathematical processing algorithms can
be easily implemented in case of digital signal
processing.
But such algorithms are difficult to implement in
case of analog signals.
7. Easy Up gradations:
Because of the use of software, digital signal
processing systems can be easily upgraded as
compared to analog systems.
30. 8. Compatibility:
In case of digital systems, generally all
applications needs standard hardware.
Thus operation of DSP system is mainly
dependent on software.
Hence universal compatibility is possible as
compared to analog systems.
9. Cheaper:
In many applications, the digital systems are
comparatively cheaper than analog systems.
31. 1. System Complexity:
DSP system needs use of converters like
ADC and DAC.
This increases the system complexity compared to
analog systems. Similarly in many applications, the
time required for this conversion is more.
32. • Bandwidth Limitation:
In case of DSP system, if input signal is
having wide bandwidth then it demands for high
speed ADC.
This is because to avoid aliasing effect, the
sampling rate should be at least twice the
bandwidth.
Thus such signals require fast digital signal
processors. But always there is practical limitation
in the speed of processors and ADC.
33. 3. Power Consumption:
A typical digital signal processing chip
contains more than 4 lakh transistors.
Thus power dissipation is more in DSP systems as
compared to analog systems
4. For small applications digital signal processing
systems are expensive as compared to analog
systems
34. IMAGE PROCESSING
Pattern recognition
Robotic vision
Image enhancement
Satellite weather map
animation
INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL
Spectrum analysis
Position and rate control
Noise reduction
Data compressionSPEECH & AUDIO
Speech recognition
Speech synthesis
Text to speech
digital audio
MILITARY
Secure communication
Radar processing
Sonar processing
Missile guidance
TELECOMMUNICATION
Echo cancellation
Adaptive equalization
Video conferencing
data communicationBiomedical
Patient monitoring
Scanners
ECG (Electrocardiograph)
X-ray storage/enhancement
Consumer applications
digital, cellar mobile phones
universal mobile telecommunication system
digital television
digital camera
internet music, phones and video
digital answer machines, fax and modems
voice mail system
interactive entertainment systems