This document provides an overview of different types of operating systems, including Windows OS, Mac OS, Linux, DOS, and Unix. It discusses the history and key features of each operating system, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The document focuses on explaining the user interface, applications, and versions of different operating systems like Windows, highlighting Windows XP, Vista, and 10. It also summarizes the origins and uses of Linux, Mac OS, DOS, and Unix operating systems.

1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
OPERATING SYSTEMS
PRESENTERS:
-VISHAL SUTHAR
-MEHUL JAIN

2. INTRODUCTION
 Operating System is the set of programs that controls a computer.
 OS’es offer a number of services to application programs and users.
 OS makes computer more convenient to use.
 Operating System provides a pleasant and effective interface
between the user and the hardware.

3. Contd…..

4. EXAMPLES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

5. Windows OS
Windows OS is developed by Microsoft.
Most Dominant & popular OS in today’s
market.
User friendly OS.
 There is also a mobile version of Windows as
well as a server version of Windows (Latest
version of windows server is 2016).
Latest version of windows is Windows 10

6. Windows XP
The term “XP” stands for experience.
Windows XP is the successor to both Windows 2000
Professional and Windows ME.
Within XP there are 2 main editions: Home and Professional.
The Professional version has additional features and is
targeted at power users and business clients.
Windows XP has released a set of service packs (currently
there are 3) which fix problems and add features.
Windows XP is used by most of organizations.
Windows XP is an multi user OS and has Graphical User
Interface (GUI).

7. WINDOWS VISTA
Windows Vista contains many changes and new
features from XP.
Improvement in GUI and Visual style.
For graphics, Microsoft has added Windows Display
Driver Model (WDDM) and a major revision to
Direct 3D.
IPv6 network technology was added to Vista.
Vista includes technologies which employ fast flash
memory to improve system performance by
chaching commonly used programs and data.

8. SECURITY IN WINDOWS
Windows is the most vulnerable OS to attacks.
Security software is a must when you’re using Windows
which is much different then Linux and OS X.
It has been criticized for its susceptibility to malware,
viruses, trojan horses, and worms.
Windows has historically been a tempting target for
virus creators because of its world market dominance.
It is recommended to have automatic updates turned on
to prevent a system from being attacked by an unpatched
bug.

9. VERSIONS OF WINDOWS OS
Windows 10 (Latest)
Windows 8.1
Windows 8
Windows 7
Windows Vista
Windows XP

10. LINUX
Linux (also known as GNU/Linux) is one of the most prominent examples
of free software and open source development which means that typically
all underlying source code can be freely modified, used, and redistributed by
anyone. The name “Linux” comes from the Linux kernel, started in 1991 by
Linus Torvalds. The system’s utilities and libraries usually come from the
GNU operating system (which is why it is also known as GNU/Linux).
Linux is predominantly known for its use in servers. It is also used as an
operating system for a wide variety of computer hardware, including
desktop computers, supercomputers, video game systems, and embedded
devices such as mobile phones and routers.

11. MAC OS
Mac OS is a series of graphical user interface-based operating
systems developed by Apple Inc. for their Macintosh line of
computer systems.
Mac OS was designed only to run on Apple Computers.
 In 1984, Apple introduced the Macintosh PC with the
Macintosh Operating System.
Apple names its OS as “Mac OS”, beginning in 1997 which
was previously known as “System”.

12. THE FIRST MAC OS
The first Mac was introduced by
Apple’s chairman Steve Jobs was the
first successful personal computer to
feature a mouse and a Graphical User
Interface(GUI).
The Mac OS could be easily
distinguished from other Operating
systems because it was the only OS
with a full GUI.
 These releases could only run one
program at a time which could later
run multiple programs.

13. VARIOUS VERSIONS OF MAC OS
Version Codename Release Date
Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah March 24, 2001
Mac OS X 10.1 Puma September 25, 2001
Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar August 24, 2002
Mac OS X 10.3 Panther October 24, 2003
Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger April 29, 2005
Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard October 26, 2007
Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard August 28, 2009
Mac OS X 10.7 Lion July 20, 2011
Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion July 25, 2012
Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks October 22, 2013
Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite October 16,2014
Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan September 30, 2015
Mac OS X 10.12 Sierra September 20, 2016

14. ADVANTAGES OF MAC OS
 Easy to Use
The Mac OS is much easier to ease than any other operating system. Even people
who are not familiar with it can operate it easily.
Integration With Apple and Other Products
Mac OS will automatically recognize and work with any other Apple product,
such as iPhone, Cinema Display, Airport, and iPad. On top of this, additional drivers
are rarely needed for non-Apple products.
Mac OS can run Windows at the same time
Mac OS runs on Intel chips, which means you can run XP or Vista concurrently
with Mac OS, with Boot Camp or Parallels software.

15. ADVANTAGES OF MAC OS
Reliability
Apple controls production from start to finish, so every part of a Mac is designed
and tested to work together.
Design
It’s designed to deliver the most intuitive and integrated computer experience in
the world.

16. DISADVANTAGES OF MAC OS
Gaming
If you're a computer gamer, Mac OS isn't going to do it for you. Boot Camp and
Parallels will allow you to run games natively in Windows, but there may be a
performance hit. Some games are produced for Mac OS, but the number is very
small.
Price
All that flashy secure reliable power comes at a price. Macs cost more than
machines that run other operating systems.

17. DISADVANTAGES OF MAC OS
Fewer Software Options
Not all applications are yet available for Mac Unlike Windows.
Cannot be upgraded/customized
There are upgrade options when you buy a Mac, but unlike a Windows PC, you
cannot mix and match components. The easiest way to upgrade a Mac is to buy a
new one.

18. WHAT IS DOS???
DOS stands for Disk operating system.
It is used for abstraction and management of secondary
storage devices of the computers and the information
stored there.

19. HISTORY
In early days of computers, there were no disk drives;
instead magnetic tapes, punched cards etc. were used.
After creation of hard disks and floppy disks,
the need of a software for managing rapid access to block
storage of sequential and other data became inevitable.
So, DOS was developed.

20. NAMING THE FILES IN DOS
DOS permits the user to assign a name consisting of two
parts to a filename - primary & secondary names.
Primary can consist of 8 characters while
secondary can consist of 3 characters.
Both names are separated by a dot (.)
For eg; Bioedit.exe

21. EXAMPLES OF DISK OPERATING
SYSTEMS
DOS/360 for IBM system/360 family of Mainframe
computers.
DOS for DEC PDP-II Minicomputers.
The best known family of operating systems named
DOS was that running on IBM PC’s type hardware using the
INTEL CPU’s or alike. The original was 86-DOS, which
later became MS-DOS when Microsoft bought the license
and rights.

22. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MS-DOS
AND WINDOWS
DOS Windows
Single User Multi User
Single tasking Multi tasking
Not time Sharing Time Sharing
Input device Keyboard Standard Input devices are Keyboard &
Mouse
Character User Interface (CUI) Graphical User Interface (GUI)

23. LINUX
Linux (also known as GNU/Linux) is one of the most prominent examples
of free software and open source development which means that typically
all underlying source code can be freely modified, used, and redistributed by
anyone. The name “Linux” comes from the Linux kernel, started in 1991 by
Linus Torvalds. The system’s utilities and libraries usually come from the
GNU operating system (which is why it is also known as GNU/Linux).
Linux is predominantly known for its use in servers. It is also used as an
operating system for a wide variety of computer hardware, including
desktop computers, supercomputers, video game systems, and embedded
devices such as mobile phones and routers.
Linux OS is very complicated OS and very hard to use.

24. ADVANTAGES OF LINUX
FREEDOM!
Most Linux distributions are free….. users do not need to pay for a copy,
but this is only one aspect of freedom enjoyed by Linux users!
LINUX IS VERY STABLE!
Linux systems rarely crash, and when they do, the whole system normally
does not go down. The “blue screen of death” familiar to Windows users is not a
worry for Linux users.
 LINUX IS LESS VULNERABLE TO COMPUTER MALWARE!
Because most computer malware are designed to attack Windows (often
through Active X which is not typically found in Linux) the odds are considerably
less for Linux to be infected with a virus than Windows.

25. ADVANTAGES OF LINUX
LINUX TYPICALLY DOES NOT SLOW DOWN OVER TIME!
Unlike Windows, Linux does not easily become bogged down with
spyware, viruses, trojans, etc., which can greatly reduce a computer’s
performance.

26. DISADVANTAGES OF LINUX
MANY WINDOWS PROGRAMS WILL NOT RUN IN LINUX.
iTunes, Microsoft Office, Internet Explorer and many other
Windows programs will not run natively in Linux. The good news is that there are
decent ways around most of these problems.
 THERE IS A SMALLER SELECTION OF PERIPHERAL HARDWARE
DRIVERS FOR LINUX.
There is a smaller selection of peripheral hardware drivers (for printers,
scanners, and other devices) in Linux as compared to Windows, though many new
Linux hardware drivers are constantly being added.

27. DISADVANTAGES OF LINUX
 THERE IS A LEARNING CURVE FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE
NEW TO LINUX.
Despite this, most Linux distros, especially the major ones, are
very intuitive and user-friendly. Also, the desktop environments in Linux are in
many ways similar to Windows in their appearance. One thing which should be
emphasized is that there is also a learning curve for Windows XP users who
switch to Windows 7 or Windows 8.

28. UNIX
The Unix operating system was born in the late 1960s. It originally
began as a one man project led by Ken Thompson of Bell Labs, and
has since grown to become the most widely used operating system.
In the time since Unix was first developed, it has gone through many
different generations and even mutations.
• Some differ substantially from the original version, likely Berkeley
Software Distribution (BSD) or Linux.
• Others, still contain major portions that are based on the original
source code.

29. FEATURES OF UNIX
MULTI-USER & MULTI-TASKING
Most version of Unix are capable of allowing multiple users to log onto the
system, and have each run multiple tasks. This is standard for most modern os.
OVER 30 YEARS OLD
Unix is over 30 years old and it’s popularity and use is still high. Over these
years, many variations have spawned off and many have died off, but most modern
Unix system can be tracked back to the original versions. It has endured the test of time.
 LARGE NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
There are an enormous amount of applications available for Unix OS.
They range from commercial applications such as CAD, MAYA, WordPerfect, to
many free applications.

30. FEATURES OF UNIX
 FREE APPLICATIONS AND EVEN A FREE OS
Of all of the applications available under Unix, many of them are free. The compilers
and the interpreter that we use in most of the programming courses here at UMBC can be
downloaded free of charge. Most of the development that we do in programming course is done
under the Linux OS.
LESS RESOURCE INTENSIVE
In general, most Unix installations tend to be much less demanding on system
resources. In many cases, the old family computer that can barely run Windows is more than
sufficient to run the latest version of Linux.
INTERNET DEVELPOMENT
Much of the backbone of the internet is run by Unix servers. Many of the more
general web servers run Unix with the Apache web server - another free application

31. FLAVORS OF UNIX
AIX– Developed by IBM for use on its Mainframe Computers.
BSD/OS– Developed by Wind River for Intel processors.
HP-UX– Developed by Hewlett-Packard(HP) for its HP 9000 series of business.
IRIX – Developed by SGI for applications that use 3D visualization and virtual .
reality.
QNX– A real time OS developed by QNS Software Systems primarily for use in
embedded systems.
SOLARIS– Developed by Sun Microsystems for the SPARC platform and the most
widely used proprietary flavors for web servers.
Tru64– Developed by Compaq for the Alpha processor.