The document provides an overview of operating systems, including their definition, goals, services, and types. Some key points:
- An operating system controls application execution, acts as an interface between hardware and software, and manages system resources efficiently.
- Common operating system services include program development/execution, I/O device access, file access control, system access control, error detection and response, and accounting.
- Major desktop operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Chrome OS. Server systems include Windows Server, UNIX, and Linux. Mobile systems are iOS, Android, and Windows Phone.
- Linux is an open-source, free alternative that is secure, lightweight, stable, and
The document provides information about Linux operating system. It discusses the history of Linux, how it was developed by Linus Torvalds as a free and open source alternative to Unix. It describes the key components of Linux like the kernel, types of kernels (microkernel, monolithic, hybrid), features of Linux like portability, open source nature, security etc. It also discusses popular Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Red Hat, Debian, Fedora and SUSE. Finally, it mentions some methods of installing Linux like booting from a USB or burning a live CD.
The document discusses operating systems, defining them as software that manages computer hardware resources and enables communication between hardware and software. It describes the main components and functions of operating systems, including managing processors, memory, devices, user interfaces, and more. The key components are the shell, which handles user interactions, and the kernel, which manages communication with hardware. Examples of different types of operating systems discussed are standalone systems like Windows, MacOS, and Linux, server systems, embedded systems, and mobile operating systems.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system. It discusses that Linux was developed as an alternative to expensive UNIX operating systems and as a free software project. The document outlines the history from the GNU project in 1984 to Linus Torvalds developing the initial Linux kernel in 1991. It describes how Linux is now widely used on servers, supercomputers, embedded systems, and desktop computers. The key advantages of Linux discussed are that it is free, open source, powerful, stable, and secure.
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of operating systems from 1945 to the present. It discusses how operating systems have historically been tied to computer architecture and have progressed through generations that correspond to decades. It defines an operating system as the most important software that manages computer hardware resources and provides services to application software. The functions of an operating system include organizing hardware, giving users a way to communicate with the computer. Operating systems comprise software for kernel management, user interfaces, file systems, and more. Examples are given of different types of operating systems like GUI, multi-user, multiprocessing, and multitasking systems. Specific operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Unix are mentioned.
The document discusses operating systems, defining them as software that manages computer hardware resources and acts as an interface between users and computers. It describes the structure of operating systems including the user interface, kernel, and features like graphical user interfaces, multi-user capabilities, multitasking, multiprocessing, and multithreading. The document also covers different types of operating systems including standalone, server, embedded, and mobile operating systems and their advantages and disadvantages.
This presentation was in respect to present operating system as product , as it tells about the general operating systems and how it started and how they are projected as product to market.
Windows, Linux, and Mac OS are three popular operating systems. Windows is a graphical OS from Microsoft that is easy to use but vulnerable to viruses. Linux is an open-source OS supported by many devices that is stable and secure but has a learning curve. Mac OS is Apple's graphical OS that has a clean interface, security, and reliability but can be expensive. Each OS has its own strengths and weaknesses for users.
The document provides information about Linux operating system. It discusses the history of Linux, how it was developed by Linus Torvalds as a free and open source alternative to Unix. It describes the key components of Linux like the kernel, types of kernels (microkernel, monolithic, hybrid), features of Linux like portability, open source nature, security etc. It also discusses popular Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Red Hat, Debian, Fedora and SUSE. Finally, it mentions some methods of installing Linux like booting from a USB or burning a live CD.
The document discusses operating systems, defining them as software that manages computer hardware resources and enables communication between hardware and software. It describes the main components and functions of operating systems, including managing processors, memory, devices, user interfaces, and more. The key components are the shell, which handles user interactions, and the kernel, which manages communication with hardware. Examples of different types of operating systems discussed are standalone systems like Windows, MacOS, and Linux, server systems, embedded systems, and mobile operating systems.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system. It discusses that Linux was developed as an alternative to expensive UNIX operating systems and as a free software project. The document outlines the history from the GNU project in 1984 to Linus Torvalds developing the initial Linux kernel in 1991. It describes how Linux is now widely used on servers, supercomputers, embedded systems, and desktop computers. The key advantages of Linux discussed are that it is free, open source, powerful, stable, and secure.
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of operating systems from 1945 to the present. It discusses how operating systems have historically been tied to computer architecture and have progressed through generations that correspond to decades. It defines an operating system as the most important software that manages computer hardware resources and provides services to application software. The functions of an operating system include organizing hardware, giving users a way to communicate with the computer. Operating systems comprise software for kernel management, user interfaces, file systems, and more. Examples are given of different types of operating systems like GUI, multi-user, multiprocessing, and multitasking systems. Specific operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Unix are mentioned.
The document discusses operating systems, defining them as software that manages computer hardware resources and acts as an interface between users and computers. It describes the structure of operating systems including the user interface, kernel, and features like graphical user interfaces, multi-user capabilities, multitasking, multiprocessing, and multithreading. The document also covers different types of operating systems including standalone, server, embedded, and mobile operating systems and their advantages and disadvantages.
This presentation was in respect to present operating system as product , as it tells about the general operating systems and how it started and how they are projected as product to market.
Windows, Linux, and Mac OS are three popular operating systems. Windows is a graphical OS from Microsoft that is easy to use but vulnerable to viruses. Linux is an open-source OS supported by many devices that is stable and secure but has a learning curve. Mac OS is Apple's graphical OS that has a clean interface, security, and reliability but can be expensive. Each OS has its own strengths and weaknesses for users.
1. The document discusses different types of computer software, including system software and application software.
2. System software includes operating systems, utilities, device drivers, and BIOS, which help coordinate the activities of hardware and other programs. Popular operating systems discussed are Windows, Mac OS, and UNIX/Linux.
3. Application software performs specific tasks for users like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics, databases, communication, and multimedia. The document provides examples of common application software.
The document discusses different types of computer networks including local area networks (LAN), personal area networks (PAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), and wide area networks (WAN). It provides examples and comparisons of each type of network, noting that LANs connect computers within an office or building, PANs connect devices near a person using wireless technologies like Bluetooth, MANs connect computers within a larger region like a city, and WANs connect computers across large geographical distances using telecommunication lines. The document also provides conceptual diagrams to illustrate each type of network.
The document provides an introduction to Linux, covering its origins with Linus Torvalds, development as an open-source collaboration, and key features including its kernel interface, multi-tasking capabilities, hierarchical filesystem, shell system, device input/output handling, inter-process communication abilities, support for software development, graphical user interface using X Window, and popular distributions like Ubuntu. Linux is written in C/Assembly and its growth is due to its free and open development model as well as ability to run on various hardware platforms through driver contributions.
Open source software (OSS) provides access to source code that allows users to modify and improve the software. Examples include Linux, Blender, and Firefox. Proprietary software keeps its source code private, requiring users to purchase licenses. OSS is free to use and modify while proprietary software must be purchased. Key differences are that OSS users can modify the code themselves while proprietary users must wait for vendor updates, and OSS has no single entity responsible for support while proprietary has the vendor. The role of an operating system is to provide an interface between hardware, software, and users/programs, managing resources like processors and memory to allow for multi-tasking and sharing across multiple users.
An operating system acts as an intermediary between a user and computer hardware by providing an environment for running programs efficiently while hiding hardware details. It aims to make computers convenient to use and utilize resources efficiently. Key functions include process management, memory management, file management, I/O management, and more. Operating systems can be categorized as desktop, departmental, or enterprise depending on the number of supported users and level of sophistication.
The document provides information on the history and definition of operating systems:
- Operating systems have evolved through distinct phases corresponding to decades, and there has been a long-standing competition between PC and Mac operating systems.
- An operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer, managing hardware resources and providing services to application software. It allows users to communicate with the computer.
- Operating systems include a kernel that manages basic functions like memory, processes, and I/O, as well as a shell for user interaction and a file system for organizing files. Examples are Windows, Linux, Unix, and Mac OS.
This document discusses different types of software categories. It describes operating systems software, which manages computer hardware and allows other programs to function. Application software is used to perform tasks like word processing, games, or data analysis. Common operating systems for personal computers are Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. The operating system boots the computer, runs self-tests, loads peripheral devices, and loads the operating system. Modern operating systems use graphical user interfaces with icons, menus, and windows rather than text-based command lines.
The document discusses different types of operating systems including desktop, departmental, and enterprise operating systems. It describes the key functions of an operating system as acting as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware to provide an efficient environment to run programs. Examples are given of different categories of operating systems based on the number of users supported and level of sophistication, including desktop systems for single users, departmental systems for dozens to hundreds of users, and enterprise systems for thousands of users.
This document provides an overview and objectives for Chapter 1 of the textbook "Guide to Operating Systems". It discusses basic operating system concepts like kernels, resource managers, device drivers, and applications. It covers the history of operating system development from early mainframes to modern desktop and server OSs. It also differentiates between single-tasking and multitasking systems as well as single-user and multiuser OSs. Current common operating systems like Windows, Linux, and Mac OS are also listed.
Hillel kobrovski Linux security overview for cisoHillel Kobrovski
Linux is an open source operating system kernel that is used widely in servers, desktops, embedded devices, and more. Some key points about Linux include:
- Linux started as a hobby project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and is now widely used due to its flexibility and wide range of applications. It is often bundled with tools from the GNU project to form a complete open source operating system.
- There are many Linux distributions that package the Linux kernel along with other software, with examples including Red Hat, Ubuntu, Debian, and SUSE. Distributions are tailored for different use cases like desktop, server, or embedded systems.
- Linux is open source, allowing anyone to modify the source code
The document is about the Ubuntu operating system. It discusses that Ubuntu is a popular Linux distribution that is open-source and free to use. It focuses on usability and easy installation. Ubuntu is developed by Canonical Ltd. and is based on Debian Linux. It requires minimal hardware resources and provides various desktop environments to choose from. Ubuntu also includes a large library of free, open-source software and regular, free software updates.
An operating system manages computer hardware resources and allows the use of applications. Popular operating systems include Linux, Android, iOS, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows. Operating systems can be found on devices like computers, phones, game consoles, and servers. There are different types of operating systems including graphical user interface, multi-user, multi-processing, multi-tasking, distributed, and embedded operating systems.
Linux is an open source operating system that is free to use and customize. It can run on PCs and is widely used in servers, supercomputers, smartphones, and other devices. Some popular Linux distributions include Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian. Linux uses a graphical user interface and includes applications for productivity, media playback, and programming. It also has a terminal for running commands and programs.
This document summarizes the topics covered in Lecture 3 of an Operating Systems course. It discusses different types of operating systems including desktop systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux and Chrome OS as well as server systems like Windows Server and UNIX. It also covers mobile operating systems including iOS and Android. Popular operating systems are described like DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Chrome OS, Windows Server and UNIX. The advantages of the Linux operating system are listed as being open source, secure, free, lightweight, stable and high performance.
This document provides summaries of different types of operating systems:
- It describes operating systems as system software that manages computer hardware/software resources and provides common services. It discusses single-tasking vs multi-tasking, single-user vs multi-user, distributed, embedded, real-time, and library operating systems.
- It briefly summarizes four specific operating systems - Windows, Linux, iOS, and their histories and key features. Windows uses a GUI and is widely used. Linux is multi-user/tasking and runs on various platforms. iOS was designed for Apple mobile devices and has over 500,000 apps.
ICT Presentation operating system and types.pptxShehlafaiz1
This document provides information about system software and operating systems. It defines system software as instructions that control and maintain computer programs and devices. It identifies two main types of system software as operating systems and utility programs. It then describes key functions and examples of operating systems, including stand-alone, network, and embedded operating systems. It also discusses some common standalone utility programs.
The document provides information on various operating systems including Windows, Macintosh, and Linux. It discusses the history and evolution of each operating system over time. It also outlines the hardware requirements and key features of each operating system, including services provided by Windows 10 related to user interaction, memory management, file management, and hardware support.
This document discusses computer software and operating systems. It defines application and system software, and describes different types of operating systems like single-user/single-tasking OS, single-user/multi-tasking OS, multi-user/multi-tasking OS, time sharing OS, and real-time OS. It also covers system software components like compilers, interpreters, assemblers, and device drivers. The document outlines the system development life cycle including requirement analysis, design, coding, testing, and implementation/maintenance steps.
The document discusses fundamentals of operating systems including identifying different types such as multi-user, multi-tasking, distributed, and embedded. It provides examples of popular operating systems like DOS, UNIX, Mac OS X, Linux, and Microsoft Windows. For each type and example, it briefly describes its main characteristics and usage.
This document provides code to add buttons to a form in Visual Basic that minimize and maximize the form window. When the minimize button is clicked, it sets the form's window state to minimized. When the maximize button is clicked, it sets the form's window state to maximized. The document instructs to add two buttons to the form and provide the given code to handle the button clicks and set the window state.
This document shows code for working with multiple forms in Visual Basic. It contains two classes called Form1 that each have a button with an event handler that displays Form1. When the button is clicked on either form, it will show that form without closing the other instance. This allows multiple instances of the same form to be open simultaneously.
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1. The document discusses different types of computer software, including system software and application software.
2. System software includes operating systems, utilities, device drivers, and BIOS, which help coordinate the activities of hardware and other programs. Popular operating systems discussed are Windows, Mac OS, and UNIX/Linux.
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An operating system acts as an intermediary between a user and computer hardware by providing an environment for running programs efficiently while hiding hardware details. It aims to make computers convenient to use and utilize resources efficiently. Key functions include process management, memory management, file management, I/O management, and more. Operating systems can be categorized as desktop, departmental, or enterprise depending on the number of supported users and level of sophistication.
The document provides information on the history and definition of operating systems:
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This document discusses different types of software categories. It describes operating systems software, which manages computer hardware and allows other programs to function. Application software is used to perform tasks like word processing, games, or data analysis. Common operating systems for personal computers are Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. The operating system boots the computer, runs self-tests, loads peripheral devices, and loads the operating system. Modern operating systems use graphical user interfaces with icons, menus, and windows rather than text-based command lines.
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- There are many Linux distributions that package the Linux kernel along with other software, with examples including Red Hat, Ubuntu, Debian, and SUSE. Distributions are tailored for different use cases like desktop, server, or embedded systems.
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2. What is Operating System?
• Computer System = Hardware + Software
• Software = Application Software + System
Software(OS)
• An Operating System is a program that
controls the execution of application programs
and acts as an interface between applications
and the computer hardware.
3. Operating System Goals
• Execute user programs and make solving user
problems easier
• Make the computer system convenient to use
• Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner
4. Objectives of Operating System
• Convenience
Makes a computer more convenient to use
• Efficiency
Allows the computer system resources to
be used in an efficient manner
• Ability to evolve
Permit the effective development, testing
and introduction new system functions without
interfering with service.
6. Operating System Services
• Program Development
OS provides a variety of facilities and
services, such as editors and debuggers, to assist
the programmer in creating programs.
7. • Program Execution
A number of tasks need to be
performed before we can execute a program.
Instructions and data must be loaded into
main memory.
I/O devices and files must be initialized,
and other resources must be prepared.
8. • Access to I/O Devices
Each I/O devices requires its own set of
instruction or control signals for operating.
OS provides a uniform interface that hides
these details so that programmer can access
such devices using reads and writes.
9. • Controlled Access to File
The OS provides protection mechanisms to
control access to the files for different users.
Certain files can read only or write only or
execute only.
10. • System Access
In shared or public system, the OS control
access to the system as a whole and to specific
system resources.
11. • Error Detection and Response
A variety of errors can occurs while a
computer system is running.
Internal and External hardware errors
such as memory error, device failure or
malfunctions.
Software error such as arithmetic
overflow or underflow attempt to access
forbidden memory locations.
12. • Accounting
Collect usage statistic
Monitor performance
Used to anticipate future enhancement
Prepare billing information
14. OS as Resource Manager
• The OS is responsible for controlling and
managing the various resources of a computer
system.
15. History of Operating System
• The First Generation (1940's to early 1950's)
No Operating System
All programming was done in absolute machine language, often by wiring
up plug-boards to control the machine’s basic functions.
• The Second Generation (1955-1965)
First operating system was introduced in the early 1950's.It was called
GMOS
Created by General Motors for IBM's machine the 701.
Single-stream batch processing systems
• The Third Generation (1965-1980)
Introduction of multiprogramming
Development of Minicomputer
• The Fourth Generation (1980-Present Day)
Development of PCs
Birth of Windows/MaC OS
16. Types of Operating System
• Desktop Class
Windows
OS X
Unix/Linux
Chrome OS
• Server Class
Windows Server
Mac OS X Server
Unix/Linux
• Mobile Class
Android
iOS
Windows Phone
17. Desktop Class Operating Systems
• Platform: the hardware required to run a
particular operating system
– Intel platform (IBM-compatible)
• Windows
• DOS
• UNIX
• Linux
– Macintosh platform
• Mac OS
– iPad and iPhone platform
• iOS
18. MS-DOS
• Single User Single Tasking OS.
• It had no built-in support for networking, and
users had to manually install drivers any time
they added a new hardware component to their
PC.
• DOS supports only 16-bit programs.
• Command line user interface.
• So, why is DOS still in use? Two reasons are its
size and simplicity. It does not require much
memory or storage space for the system, and it
docs not require a powerful computer.
19. Microsoft Windows
• The graphical Microsoft operating system
designed for Intel-platform desktop and
notebook computers.
• Best known, greatest selection of applications
available.
• Current editions include Windows 7, 8, 8.1
and 10.
20. Mac OS
• User-friendly, runs on Mac hardware. Many
applications available.
• Current editions include: Sierra, High Sierra,
Mojave, Catalina & Big Sur—Version
XI(Released in Nov 2020)
21. Linux
• Linux: An open-source, cross-platform operating system
that runs on desktops, notebooks, tablets, and
smartphones.
– The name Linux is a combination Linus (the first name
of the first developer) and UNIX (another operating
system).
• Users are free to modify the code, improve it, and
redistribute it,
• Developers are not allowed to charge money for the Linux
kernel itself (the main part of the operating system), but
they can charge money for distributions (distros for short).
22. Google Chrome OS
• Chrome OS. Is a popular thin client operating
system.
• Thin client A computer with minimal
hardware, designed for a specific task. For
example, a thin web client is designed for
using the Internet.
23. Server Operating Systems
• Windows Server
– Familiar GUI interface for those experienced with
Windows
• UNIX
– Very mature server capabilities, time-tested, large
user community, stable
• Linux
– Free, customizable, many free services and
utilities available
26. Tablet and Phone Operating Systems
• System-on-chip (SoC): An operating system that comes
preinstalled on a chip on a portable device such as a
smartphone.
• Popular SoC operating systems:
iOS: for iPad, iPhone
Android: for a variety of tablets and phones
• Downloadable applications (apps) from an App store,
for example:
Apple App Store
Google Play Store
27. iOS on the iPhone and iPad
• The Apple-created operating system for Apple
tablets and phones.
• The current stable version, iOS 14, was
released to the public on September 16, 2020.
28. Android
• Android, a popular OS for smartphones and
tablets, is based on Linux Kernel.
– Developed by Google
• Current versions include:
– Android 8 Oreo
– Android 9 Pie
– Android 10
– Android 11 (released on Sep, 2020)
29. Advantage of Linux Operating System
1. Open Source
• As it is open-source, its source code is
easily available.
• Anyone having programming knowledge
can customize the operating system.
• One can contribute, modify, distribute, and
enhance the code for any purpose.
30. Advantage of Linux Operating System
2. Security
• The Linux security feature is the main reason
that it is the most favourable option for
developers.
• It is not completely safe, but it is less
vulnerable than others.
• Each application needs to authorize by the
admin user.
• Linux systems do not require any antivirus
program.
31. Advantage of Linux Operating System
3. Free
• Certainly, the biggest advantage of the
Linux system is that it is free to use.
• We can easily download it, and there is no
need to buy the license for it.
• It is distributed under GPL (General Public
License).
• Comparatively, we have to pay a huge
amount for the license of the other OS
32. Advantage of Linux Operating System
4. Lightweight
• The requirements for running Linux
are much less than other operating system
• In Linux, the memory footprint and
disk space are also lower.
• Generally, most of the Linux
distributions required as little as 128MB of
RAM around the same amount for disk space.
33. Advantage of Linux Operating System
5. Stability
• Linux is more stable than other operating
systems.
• Linux does not require to reboot the
system to maintain performance levels.
• It rarely hangs up or slow down. It has big
up-times.
34. Advantage of Linux Operating System
6. Performance
• Linux system provides high performance
over different networks.
• It is capable of handling a large number of
users simultaneously.
35. Advantage of Linux Operating System
7. Flexibility
• Linux operating system is very flexible.
• It can be used for desktop applications,
embedded systems, and server applications
too.
• It also provides various restriction options
for specific computers.
• We can install only necessary components
for a system.
36. Advantage of Linux Operating System
8. Software Updates
• In Linux, the software updates are in user
control.
• We can select the required updates.
• There a large number of system updates are
available.
• These updates are much faster than other
operating systems.
• So, the system updates can be installed easily
without facing any issue.
37. Advantage of Linux Operating System
9. Distributions/ Distros
• There are many Linux distributions available in the
market.
• It provides various options and flavors of Linux to the
users.
• We can choose any distros according to our needs.
• Some popular distros are Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian,
Linux Mint, Arch Linux,
• For the beginners, Ubuntu and Linux Mint would be
useful.
• Debian and Fedora would be good choices for
proficient programmers.
38. Advantage of Linux Operating System
10. Live CD/USB
• Almost all Linux distributions have a Live
CD/USB option.
• It allows us to try or run the Linux
operating system without installing it
39. Advantage of Linux Operating System
11. Graphical User Interface
• Linux is a command-line based OS but it
provides an interactive user interface like
Windows
40. Advantage of Linux Operating System
12. Suitable for programmers
• It supports almost all of the most used
programming languages such as C/C++, Java, Python,
Ruby, and more.
• Further, it offers a vast range of useful applications
for development.
• The programmers prefer the Linux terminal over
the Windows command line.
• Bash scripting is also a functional feature for the
programmers.
• It also provides support for SSH, which helps in
managing the servers quickly.
41. Advantage of Linux Operating System
13. Community Support
• Linux provides large community support.
• There are many forums available on the
web to assist users.
• Further, developers from the various open
source communities are ready to help us
42. Advantage of Linux Operating System
14. Privacy
• Linux always takes care of user privacy as it
never takes much private data from the user.
43. Advantage of Linux Operating System
15. Networking
• Linux facilitates with powerful support for
networking.
• The client-server systems can be easily set to
a Linux system.
• It provides various command-line tools such
as ssh, ip, mail, telnet, and more for connectivity
with the other systems and servers.
• Tasks such as network backup are much faster
than others.
44. Advantage of Linux Operating System
16. Compatibility
• Linux is compatible with a large number of
file formats as it supports almost all file
formats.
45. Advantage of Linux Operating System
17. Installation
• Linux installation process takes less time
than other operating systems such as
Windows.
46. Advantage of Linux Operating System
18. Multiple Desktop Support
• Linux system provides multiple desktop
environment support for its enhanced use.
• Select any desktop environment such as
GNOME (GNU Network Object Model
Environment) or KDE (K Desktop
Environment) as both have their specific
environment.
47. Advantage of Linux Operating System
19. Multitasking
• It is a multitasking operating system as it
can run multiple tasks simultaneously without
affecting the system speed
48. Advantage of Linux Operating System
20. Heavily Documented for beginners
• There are many command-line options that
provide documentation on commands, libraries,
standards such as manual pages and info pages.
• Also, there are plenty of documents available
on the internet in different formats, such as Linux
tutorials, Linux documentation project,
Serverfault, and more.
• To help the beginners, several communities
are available such as Ask Ubuntu, Reddit, and
StackOverflow.