The document compares Windows, Linux, and Macintosh operating systems. It provides introductions and descriptions of each OS, including their origins, features, and technical specifications. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of Linux and Windows, and provides a comparative view of Windows vs Macintosh. The summary compares Linux and Macintosh, noting Linux has more customizability and security while Macintosh is easier to use but more expensive.

1. WINOWS VS LINUX VS MACINTOSH
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3. WINDOWS VS
LINUX VS
MACINTOSH

4. INTRODUCTION
TO
LINUX

5. INTODUCTION TO LINUX
1.LINUX is an implementation of unix.
2.The Linux operating system is written
in the C programming language.
3.It is leading operating system on
servers and big & small systems.
4.Free and open source software

6. FEATURES OF LINUX:
Low cost: There is no need to spend time and huge
amount money to obtain licenses.
Performance: Linux provides high performance on
various networks. It has the ability to handle large
numbers of users simultaneously.
Networking: Linux provides a strong support for
network functionality; client and server systems can
be easily set up on any computer running Linux.
Flexibility: Linux is very flexible. Linux can be used
for high performance server applications, desktop
applications, and embedded systems. You can install
only the needed components for a particular use. You
can also restrict the use of specific computers.

7. Compatibility: It runs all common Unix software
packages and can process all common file formats.
Wider Choice: There is a large number of Linux
distributions which gives you a wider choice. Each
organization develop and support different
distribution. You can pick the one you like best; the
core function's are the same.
Multitasking: Linux is a multitasking operating
system. It can handle many things at the same time.
Security: Linux is one of the most secure operating
systems. File ownership and permissions make linux
more secure.
Open source: Linux is an Open source operating
systems. You can easily get the source code for linux
and edit it to develop your personal operating system.

13. INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS
 MicrosoftWindows is a series of graphical interface operating
systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.
 Microsoft introduced an operating
environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as a
graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the
growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUI). Microsoft
Windows came to dominate the world's personal
computer market with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac
OS, which had been introduced in 1984.
 As ofApril 2013, the most recent versions ofWindows
for personal computers, mobile devices, server
computers and embedded devices are respectively Windows
8,Windows Phone 8,Windows Server 2012 andWindows
Embedded 8 Industry.

14. WINDOWS 3 : It was released in 1990. It has virtual memory and
loadable virtual device drivers (VxDs) that allow Windows to share
arbitrary devices between multi-tasked DOS applications.
WINDOWS XP AND 7 :Windows XP was released on October
25, 2001 and it is built on the Windows NT kernel, retooled to also
function as a home operating system.This new version was widely
praised in computer magazines.
Windows 7 was released on October 22, 2009. Windows 7 has multi-
touch support, a redesigned Windows shell with a
new taskbar, referred to as the Superbar.
WINDOWS 8 :the successor toWindows 7, was released to the
market on 26 October 2012.
For the first time sinceWindows 95, the Start button, which mainly
served as a way of invoking the Start menu with a mouse, is no
longer available on the taskbar. InWindows 8, the Windows key, the
keyboard shortcut for invoking the Start menu, still functions as
before.

15. VERSIONS
 WINDOWS 1
 WINDOWS
 WINDOWS 3
 WINDOWS 95
 WINDOWS 98
 WINDOWS MILLENIUM EDITION
 WINDOWS XP, WINDOWS VISTA, WINDOWS 7
 WINDOWS 8

16. Windows XP
desktop
Windows Vista
Desktop
Windows 7 Desktop
Screenshot of the new Windows 8 Start
Screen

18. DETAILSOFWINDOWS 8
Windows 8 is the latest version of Microsoft
Windows, released in 2012. It will be the last 32
bit OS from Microsoft for home users. It was first
mentioned at the 2011 Consumer Electronic
Show in LasVegas.
 Everything that runs onWindows 7 will run on
Windows 8
 Windows 8 will run onTablets, laptops, and
desktops both touch and keyboard / mouse

19. HARDWAREREQIREMENT
3 2bit 64 bit
PROCESSOR -1 GHZ X-86 1 GHZ X-86
64 processor
RAM -1 GB 2 GB
GRAPHICS CARD -DIRECT -X 9 GRAPHICS WITH
WDDM 1.0
HDD -16 GB FREE 20 GB FREE
SPACE
A multi-touch screen is also required to take
advantage of touch input. For Metro applications, a
screen resolution of 1024x768 or higher is required.

20. FEATURESOFWINDOWS-8
Windows Boot performance
Few days back, we got a new feature of high booting
capability ofWindows 8 OS. According to this
feature,Windows 8 fine tuning with start-up process
will going to increase its popularity because many
users want fast booting speed.
Windows file system
Windows 8 provides strong file system support
which cannot allow unauthorized users to make
changes inWindows secure files.

21. WEEKNESSOFWINDOWS 8
1. Very difficult to move between screens
Metro Switching between applications is a very
difficult thing to do.You are not given functions such
as Alt-Tab while working with the desktop and the
keyboard to switch from one app to another app.
2. Metro multitasking = 2 application only
If you use a Metro application (for tablets) in
Windows 8, multitasking means the screen will
display two applications in a row.That's it. For
beginners it would not be a big problem. However
for the advanced user, multitasking capabilities with
Metro for only two applications is a fatal weakness.

23. INTRODUCTION TO MACINTOSH
Mac OS X is a series of Unix-based graphical
interface operating systems
developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. It is
designed to run exclusively on Mac computers.
The first version released
was Mac OS X Server 1.0 in 1999, and a desktop
version,
Mac OS X v10.0 "Cheetah" followed on March
24, 2001.
Releases of OS X are named after big cats: for
example,
OS X v10.8 is referred to as "Mountain Lion".

24. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Company / Developer - Apple Inc.
Programmed in - C, C++, Objective-C[1][2]
OS family - Mac OS, Unix [3][4][5][6][7]
Working state - Current
Source model - Closed source (with open
source components)
Initial release - March 24, 2001
Latest stable release -10.8.3 (Build 12D78)
Latest unstable - 10.8.4 (Build 12E27) (April 1,
release 2013
Marketing target -Personal computing

25. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION (CONT…..)
Available language(s) - Multi-lingual
Update method - Apple Software Update
Mac App store
Supported
Platforms : -x86-64: versions 10.4.7through 10.8
-IA-32: versions 10.4.4 through 10.6.8
-PowerPC: versions 10.0 through 10.5.8
Kernel type - Hybrid (XNU)

27. Macintosh marketed as Mac, is a line of personal
computers(PCs) designed, developed and marketed by
APPLE INC.
Apple Inc.’s- chairman STEVE JOBS introduced the first
Macintosh on january24, 1984.It became the first
commercially successful personal computer to feature a
mouse and a graphical user interface, rather than a
command-line interface.
The Macintosh product line saw success through the end
of the decade, though popularity dropped in the 1990s as
the personal computer market shifted towards the
“WINTAL” platform : IBM PC compatible machines running
MS-DOS and Microsoft windows with an Intel processor.

28. In 1998, Apple consolidated its multiple consumer-level
desktop models into the all-in-one I mac ,which proved to be a
sales success and saw the brand revitalized.
Production of the Mac is based on a vertical integration
model. Apple facilitates all aspects of its hardware and creates
its own operating system that is pre-installed on all Mac
computers.
 Most IBM PC compatibles , where multiple sellers create
and integrate hardware intended to run another company’s
operating software.

29. Current Mac CPUs use Intel’s X86-64 architecture. Apple
also develops the operating system for the Mac , OS
X,currently on version 10.8 “mountain lion”.
ADVANTAGE:- Excellent user interface & usability.
Stable and secure.
DISADVANTAGE:- Cost of ownership is high.
Operating system is limited to a specific platform.

30. COMPARATIVE VIEW
WINDOWS
V/S
MACINTOSH

31. Basis Macintosh Windows
What is it?: Short form for
“Macintosh” and refers
to any computer
produced by Apple, Inc
Refers to any computer running IBM-Based
(Windows, Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD) operating
systems.
Manufacturer
:
Apple Inc., is the only
manufacturer
of Macintosh
computers.
Several companies: HP, Toshiba, Dell, Lenovo,
Samsung, Acer, Gateway etc.
Cost: Computers start at
$599 for the Mac Mini,
and $999 for the
Macbook Air. Other
models are more
expensive. For desktop
or home use Macs are
more expensive than a
PC.
Compared to a Mac, Windows and Windows-
associated hardware is normally cheaper,
although you get what you pay for, Macs have a
lot more. Computers running Windows can be
found usually 40-75% cheaper than a Mac. PCs
running Linux may be even cheaper

32. Popular
Applicati
ons:
iLife, iWork,
Xcode,
iTunes, Time
Machine,
Safari, Mac
App Store,
FaceTime,
Game Center,
Photo Booth
MS Office, Internet
Explorer, Media Player,
Media Center,
Windows Defender,
SkyDrive, VLC media
player, Chrome
browser.
Compan
y /
develope
r:
Apple, Inc. Microsoft (Windows),
Ubuntu (Linix), Sun
(Solaris), etc.

33. System
Software:
Macintosh
Operating
System; also
allows Windows.
Various versions of Windows
operating system. Using Linux
and associated partitioning
software, you can install many
Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD
distributions alongside your
current Windows installation.
Virus
Attacks:
There are
fewer malware
written to
target Macs,
although the
threat of
malicious
software is
growing.
Being the popular desktop
choice, most virus writers
target Windows systems.

35. COMPARISON BETWEEN LINUX AND
MACINTOSH
There are various factors on the basis of which linux and macintosh can be
compared. Some of which are as follows:-
1. Security
The Mac might enjoy a smaller installed base than Windows does, meaning
there's less of the monoculture effect and less of a lure for malicious
hackers, but Linux blows them both away when it comes to security. First is the
question of permissions: Linux users are not automatically given administrator
privileges on their computers, meaning that viruses and malware don't
automatically have access to everything in the proverbial "castle." So, when a
computer is compromised, the most the malware can typically do is trash the
user's local files and programs. Apple is also notorious for trying to keep all the
inner workings of the computer secret and out of view . The only ones who can
see and watch for vulnerabilities in the code, then, are Apple engineers, who
understandably have their own priorities and time tables. With Linux, on the
other hand, there is a world of users examining the code every day. No
wonder, then, that Linux vulnerabilities can be found and fixed more quickly.

36. 2. Customizability
I can understand that there are some users who want to
live in a walled garden, and are content to do things the
way Apple wants them to. For the rest of us, however, the
restrictions Apple puts on the user are just unacceptable.
With Linux, virtually everything is customizable and
configurable, so that you can make pretty much everything
the way you want it to be.
3. Hardware
Hand-in-hand with the question of flexibility is the fact
that OS X--like Windows--is very restrictive in the
hardware that it will work with, requiring pretty much the
latest and greatest hardware to run well. One of Linux’s
most endearing virtues, on the other hand, is its capability
to run on just about anything.
4. Price
It almost seems too easy to point this out, but, well, Linux
is free. Macs? Not so much--they're even higher-priced
than Windows machines, in fact.

37. Linux gives you freedom on many levels: the freedom to
tinker, the freedom to work without arbitrary constraints
on your system setup, and the freedom to make decisions
about nearly every aspect of your system.
That freedom does come at a cost, though — the cost of a
certain degree of effort. Linux installation requires
editing of some configuration files. but, the amount of
effort required to get the Linux system you want has gone
down enormously with time.
Apple is a great choice for computing. Installation isn’t a
problem — Apple does it for you. Networking is easy.
Productivity is a dream. The Mac offers a broad variety of
entertainment options. It’s a secure platform. It
interoperates well with Windows. It’s highly stable, and
offers solid backup choices for the data losses that are
inevitable on any computing platform.

39. Windows vs Linux

40. BASIS OF
DISTINCTION
LINUX WINDOWS
What is it?: Linux is an example of
Open Source software
development and Free
Operating System (OS).
Windows is the family of
operating system (OS)
from Microsoft, which is
the most famous OS in
the world.
Price The majority of Linux
variants are available for
free or at a much lower
price than Microsoft
Windows.
Microsoft Windows can
run between $50.00 -
$150.00 US dollars per
each license copy.
Usage: Linux can be installed
on a wide variety of
computer hardware,
ranging from mobile
phones and tablet
computers, to
mainframes and
supercomputers.
On PC's servers and
some phones

41. BASIS OF
DISTINCTION
LINUX WINDOWS
Reliability The majority of Linux
variants and versions are
reliable and can often run
for months and years
without needing to be
rebooted.
Although Microsoft
Windows has made
great improvements in
reliability, it still cannot
match the reliability of
Linux.
Security Linux is and has always
been a very secure
operating system.
Although it still can be
attacked when compared
to Windows, it much
more secure.
Although Microsoft has
made great
improvements over the
years with security on
their operating system,
their operating system
continues to be the most
vulnerable to viruses
and other attacks.
Ease It is complex to use
operating system.
It is much easier to use
for most of the computer
users.

42. WINDOWS
VS
LINUX
VS
MACINTOSH

43. Windows, having been introduced in 1985, is a very mature and
complete piece of software.
Pros:
Compatibility: Almost every application, driver or game will work
on Windows.
Technical support: Having so many users, you can always find
someone (either online or offline) who can help you with Windows.
Huge quantity of function: When you get to know Windows
well, you'll find out that there are so many functions that you can
do almost anything quite easily.
Cons:
Viruses: You may need to buy an antivirus program, although free
ones exist.
Slow: Windows, especially Vista and 7, requires a lot of computer
resources (memory, processor, disk space), and thus, runs slower.
Price: It easily costs over a hundred dollars.

44. Pros:
Viruses: Apple Macs get almost no viruses. This is mostly due
to Window's superior market share.
Reliability: Macs only run on Apple computers, and are thus
less prone to hardware and software crashing.
Looks: Let's face it, most of the time, Mac just looks better
than Windows.
Cons:
Expensive: Mac costs even more than Windows.
Only available on Apple computers: If you already have a
computer, you cannot install MAC on it unless it's an Apple.
Otherwise, you must buy a new computer.
Compatibility: Only a few programs will run on Mac, and
almost no games.

45. Pros:
Price: Linux is F-R-E-E. You can download it, install it, use it, modify
it… All for a whooping 0$.
Variety: Linux is not a full operating system. It is just a kernel and
additional software needs to be bundled with Linux. Several
hundreds of these bundles exist and with so many different flavours
of Linux, there is always one to suit your needs!
Viruses: Although being more vulnerable to viruses than Mac, Linux
still has very, very few viruses.
Cons:
Complicated: Most of the additional softwares require a good deal of
computer knowledge to get them to work.
Compatibility: Like Mac, Linux does not have as many programs and
games as Windows.
Vendors: You won't find a lot of vendors selling Linux computers.
Usually, you'll just end up having to buy Windows
computer, reformatting the hard drive, and installing Linux yourself.

46. In conclusion, no operating system
is really better, the choice is up to
you. If you're a gamer, then you have
no choice, go for Windows.
Programmers might prefer Linux
and video/graphics producers will
probably tend towards Mac. The
best thing to do is probably to try
each OS and see which is best for
you!

48. We would like to thank the
faculty who taught us and
helped with every doubt.
Thanks to the group
members too,for cooperating
with each other and for
valuable suggestions.

49. THANKYOU