The document discusses various types of operating systems including real-time, multi-user, distributed, embedded, and specifically highlights macOS and Microsoft Windows. It details the development and features of macOS, its history, major updates, and comparisons with Windows, emphasizing user preferences based on design, functionality, and cost. Additionally, it briefly touches on Unix, Linux, Debian, Solaris, and Google Chrome OS, covering their unique attributes and uses.

4. Real-time
• A real-time operating system is a multi tasking operating system that aims at
executing real-time applications.
• The main objective of real-time operating systems is their quick and response
to events. They have an event-driven or time-sharing design and often aspects
of both.
• An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their importance or
external events while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on
clock interrupts.
• Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system
and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time,
mass storage, printing, and other resources.

5. Multi-user
– A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer
system at the same time.
– Time-sharing systems and Internet servers can be classified as multi-user
systems as they enable multiple-user access to a computer through the
sharing of time.
– Single-user operating systems have only one user but may allow multiple
programs to run at the same time.

6. Distributed
• A distributed operating system manages a group of independent
computers and makes them appear to be a single computer.
• The development of networked computers that could be linked and
communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing.
• Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine.
When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a
distributed system.

7. Embedded
• Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded
computer systems.
• They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less
autonomy.
• They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are
very compact and extremely efficient by design.
• Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating
systems.

9. • Mac OS is a series of graphical user interface-based operating systems developed
by Apple Inc.
• Apple operating system was released on 1984.
• It was developed for the Macintosh line of computer systems.
• The Macintosh, specifically its system software, is credited with having popularized
the early graphical user interface concept
• All of Apple’s designs are quite simple and unique.

10. Development
• Mac os is an operating system, based on Unix’s the NeXTSTEP operating system
and the XNU kernel.
• OS X is based upon the Mach kernel. Certain parts from FreeBSD's and NetBSD's
implementation of Unix were incorporated in NeXTSTEP, the core of Mac OS X.
• NeXTSTEP was the graphical, object-oriented, and UNIX-based operating system
developed by Steve Jobs' company NeXT after he left Apple in 1985. While Jobs
was away from Apple.
• The project was first known as Rhapsody and was later renamed to Mac OS X.

11. • Mac os was referred to as the "System".
• Referred to by its major version starting with "System 6 and "System 7“.
• Apple rebranded version 7.6 as "Mac OS" as part of their Macintosh clone program 1996
• Macintosh operating systems have been released in two major series.
• Up to major version 9, from 1984 to 2000, it is historically known as Classic Mac • Major version 10, from 2001 to present, is branded OS X(originally referred to OS X)

12. Mac OS X version information
Version Codename Date announced Release date Most recent version
Rhapsody Developer
Release
Grail1Z4 / Titan1U August 31, 1997 DR2 (May 14, 1998)
Mac OS X Server 1.0 Hera March 16, 1999 1.2v3 (October 27, 2000)
Mac OS X Developer
Preview
May 11, 1998 March 16, 1999 DP4 (April 5, 2000)
Public Beta Kodiak September 13, 2000
Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah March 24, 2001 10.0.4 (June 22, 2001)
Mac OS X 10.1 Puma July 18, 2001 September 25, 2001 10.1.5 (June 6, 2002)
Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar May 6, 2002 August 24, 2002 10.2.8 (October 3, 2003)
Mac OS X 10.3 Panther June 23, 2003[ October 24, 2003 10.3.9 (April 15, 2005)

13. Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger May 4, 2004 April 29, 2005
10.4.11 (November 14,
2007)
Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard June 26, 2006 October 26, 2007 10.5.8 (August 5, 2009)
Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard June 9, 2008 August 28, 2009
10.6.8 v1.1 (July 25,
2011)
Mac OS X 10.7 Lion October 20, 2010 July 20, 2011
10.7.5 (September 19,
2012)
OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion February 16, 2012 July 25, 2012
10.8.5 (12F45) (October
3, 2013)
OS X 10.9 Mavericks June 10, 2013 October 22, 2013
10.9.5 (13F34)
(September 18, 2014)
OS X 10.10 Yosemite June 2, 2014 October 16, 2014
10.10.1 (14B25)
(November 17, 2014)

14. •Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard" was released on October 26, 2007.
It was called by Apple "the largest update of Mac OS X".
•It brought more than 300 new features. Leopard supports
both PowerPC- and Intel x86-based Macintosh computers.
•New features include a new look, an updated Finder, Time
Machine, Spaces, Boot Camp pre-installed

15. •OS X v10.8 "Mountain Lion" was released on July 25, 2012. It
incorporates some features seen in iOS 5, which
include Game Center, support for iMessage in the
new Messages messaging application, and Reminders as a to-do
list app separate from
•It also includes support for storing iWork documents
in iCloud. Notification Center iCal (which is renamed as
Calendar, like the iOS app).

16. •OS X 10.9 "Mavericks" was released on October 22, 2013.
This is a free upgrade to all users running OS X Snow
Leopard or later. Its changes include the addition of the
previously iOS-only Maps and iBook's applications,
improvements to the Notification Center, enhancements
to several applications, and many under-the-hood
improvements

17. YOSEMITE
•OS X 10.10 "Yosemite" was released on October 16, 2014.
Apple's showcase new feature in Yosemite is Handoff,
which lets users with iPhones running iOS 8.1 or later to
answer phone calls, receive and send SMS messages, and
complete unfinished iPhone emails on their Mac.

20. • Microsoft Windows or Windows is a
superfamily of graphical operating
systems developed, marketed, and sold
by Microsoft. It consists of several families
of operating systems, each of which cater to
a certain sector of the computing industry.

21. MICROSOFT WINDOWS
• Microsoft introduced an operating
environment named Windows on November 20,
1985 as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS
in response to the growing interest in graphical
user interfaces (GUIs).
• Microsoft Windows came to dominate the
world's personal computer market with over 90%
market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been
introduced in 1984. However, it is outsold
by Android on smartphones and tablets

22. Name
Release
date
Release
version
number
Editions
Windows 10 TBA NT 10.0[1] •TBA
Windows 8.1 18 October 2013 NT 6.3
•Windows 8.1
•Windows 8.1 Pro
•Windows 8.1 Enterprise
Windows 8 26 October 2012 NT 6.2
•Windows 8
•Windows 8 Pro
•Windows 8 Enterprise
See Windows 8 editions
In this section, a client version of Windows is a version that can be purchased and installed on personal •Windows 7 Home Basic

24. • MS-DOS is a non-graphical command
line operating system derived from
86-DOS that was created for IBM
compatible computers.
• MS-DOS originally written by Tim
Paterson and introduced by Microsoft
in August 1981 and was last updated
in 1994 when MS-DOS 6.22 was
released.
• Today, MS-DOS is no longer used;
however, the command shell, more
commonly known as the Windows
command line is still used by many
users.

26. WINDOWS XP
• Windows XP is a personal computer operating
system produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows
NT family of operating systems. The operating system was
released to manufacturing on August 24, 2001
• WINDOWSXP was a major advance from the MS-DOS
based versions of Windows in security, stability and
efficiencygenerally released for retail sale on Windows XP
eventually proved to be popular and widely used
• . It is estimated that at least 400 million copies of Windows XP
were sold globally within its first five years of
availabilityOctober 25, 2001

28. WINDOWS 7
• Windows XP remained popular
even after the release of newer
versions, particularly due to the
poorly received release of its
successor Windows Vista. Vista's
2009 successor, Windows 7, only
overtook XP
• Windows 7 is a personal
computer operating
system developed by Microsoft,n
total market share at the end of

30. WINDOWS 8
• Windows 8 introduced major changes to the
operating system's platform and user
interface to improve its user experience
on tablets, where Windows was now
competing with mobile operating systems,
including Android and iOS.
• In particular, these changes included a
touch-optimized Windows shell based on
Microsoft's "Metro" design language,

31. WINDOWS 8
• . Windows 8 added support for USB
3.0, Advanced Format hard
drives, near field communications,
and cloud computing. Additional
security features were introduced,
such as built-in antivirus software,
integration with Microsoft
SmartScreen phishing
filtering service and support forUEFI
Secure Boot on supported devices
with UEFI firmware, to
prevent malware from infecting the
boot process.

32. • WindoWS 8.1 is a version of
the Windows NT operating system and
an upgrade for Windows8
• Windows 8.1 cannot be acquired
via Windows Update and only accepts
8.1-specific product keys.

33. WINDOWS 8.1
• Start faster
• Search
everywhere
• Multitask with
apps
• Browse better

36. Comparison based on
 Supporters Opinions
 Cost
 Crashes/Vulnerabilities
 Software Compatibility

37. Introduction
 Several users of Windows-based PCs simply
use them because they are most familiar with
them. Several users of Macs are strong
supporters of the operating system because
they feel the graphics are far superior to that
of Windows. I weighed the pros and cons of
both operating systems and hope to give
future computer buyers an idea of which will
best fit their needs.

38. Supporters

39. PC Supporters
PC Supporters prefer PCs because they find
they are cheaper than Macs.
Supporters of PCs also prefer them simply
because they are more familiar with them
than Macs. PCs are more likely to be found in
the office place, library, or school than Macs
are.

40. Mac Supporters
Supporters of Macs prefer them because they
prefer the design of Macs over that of the PC.
Macs also have better graphics for playing
video games, creating computer art, etc.
Mac supporters also prefer Macs over PCs
because they are less prone to viruses.
Hackers are more drawn towards PCs because
they make up most of the computer market.

41. Cost Cost

42. Comparing what you get for what you pay
MAC
Price $999.99
RAM 2GB
Hardrive space 250GB
Display 13.3”
Weight 4.7 lbs
PC
Price $999.99
RAM 6GB
Hardrive Space 500GB
Display 16.4”
Weight 6.9 lbs
With the PC
you get more
memory for
the same price
as a Mac. But
with the Mac
you get better
graphics,
sound, and
video
capabilities.

43. Vulnerabilities between Macs and PCs

44.  Both Macs and PCs crash
(also known as a kernel panic).
•Crashes occur because of Migration Assistant programs
insensitivity, directory failures, peripheral driver problems,
widgets poorly written for Mac OS, data corruption, and RAM or
Motherboard issues.
•As of 2009 Mac OS X had 18% of reported problems unfixed.
Macs are known to crash
less often than PCs but
for a greater variety of
reasons.
•About 95% of Windows system (most common OS for PCs) are
caused by buggy software which is almost always from third-party
vendors. The other 5% are due to hardware malfunctions.
Power supplies and overheating are also PC crash causes.
•As of 2009 Microsoft Windows XP Pro only had 3% of reported
problems unfixed.
PCs crash more
frequently but have less
unpatched vulnerabilities
which can show they are
quicker to resolve OS
problems.

45. Software Compatibility
Mac platforms have fewer software
applications available as compared to
Windows based PC software. In fact, one of
the best-selling software programs for Macs is
a Microsoft Office program, a popular PC
software suite.
Currently, there are only 24 software
programs that have been identified that are
not compatible with Windows Vista based
PCs.

46. The Winner is…..
If you want a
computer that is
affordable, is
compatible with
most application
software out
there, and has a
familiar feel to it
from working on
your computers at
work and school,
then go with a
Windows-based PC
If you’re a big fan
of being able to
run and play
games on your
computer or you
want a computer
with a trendy
design that feels
familiar to the
design of an ipod
or iphone, then a
Mac may be for
you.

48. •Unix is a multi-tasking, multi-user Operating System which was
developed by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson in the AT&T Bell
Laboratories.
•It provides a set of simple tools that performs limited, well defined
functions with a unified file system as the main means of
communication.
•It is mainly based on the C language developed by Dennis Ritchie.
•It also has a shell scripting feature and a command language to help
perform complex functions.
•A shell is a command line interpreter for Unix’s command language.

50. •The Linux Kernel or Linux as it is commonly called, is a UNIX based OS which is a free
and open-source OS.
•It was developed in October 10, 1991 by Linus Torvalds primarily for his personal
use.
•When Linux came to the limelight it began to rapidly spread among computer
enthusiasts mainly because it is an open-source and free OS.
•It easily provides complete control over the hardware, therefore the hardware can
be easily used up to it’s complete potential.
•Also it provided a GUI so it became relatively easy for both the common people and
the computer enthusiasts and they preferred it to Windows and MacOS because it
was free of cost.

52. •Debian is actually not a single OS. It is rather a name for various
Operating Systems, which come under a single name.
•These operating systems are Open Source and they all come under the
GNU General Public License.
•It may be based on either of the two kernels of which one is Linux
based and the other is kFreeBSD.
•It was announced in 1993 by Ian Murdock and released in 1996.
•It consists of the source codes of the various freeware which are
available as open source software.

54. •SteamOS is a Debian Linux kernel-based operating system in development
by Valve Corporation designed to be the primary operating system for
the Steam Machine game consoles.
•It was released in December 13, 2013.
•Primarily designed for playing video games and high-end graphical uses.
•Users will be able to stream games from their Windows and Mac systems to
their Steam devices.

58. Special features make
it easy to add new
capability or to fix problems
without having to restart the system. Solaris has exercised
and fixed almost any code path that might break.It can be
upgraded, monitored, and controlled from a remote console

59. • you move to a larger processor, your applications should
not only run, but run faster. Solaris can handle heavy
multi-tasking work.
you move to a larger processor,
your applications should not only run, but run faster.
Solaris can handle heavy multi-tasking work.

61. >Fully virus protected.
>It can handle
many users at
a time.
>Reboot is not
required for Solaris
so it can run 24/7.

62. >Lack of good GUI.
>This OS is not user friendly.
>It is not recommended to run
Solaris on other architectures.

68. Google Chrome
Operating System is new
invention by search engine giant Google.
Google Chrome Operating System is an open
source , lightweight Operating System.
Its based on Google's Chrome Web Browser and
Linux Kernel.

69. >>Speed, simplicity and security
>>fast and less memory-intensive,enabling
users to access the web in a few seconds
>>Google provides
the security from virus, malware and security updates.
.
FEATURES

70. This operating system is entirly different from other OS
It is working based on the principle of cloud computing ,
storing every data in the internet rather then
storing in your hard disk.

71. •Opensource
•Build in Linux kernal thus no virus
•Faster booting
•Application software's are
preinstalled
•A wide community to support
•Yet to relese the stable version
•Works on low system hardware
•Paid
•Virus problems
•Slow booting
•Using 90% world wide
•Need good hardware to work
•Need rather high system h/w

74. • Mobile Os Is Dominated By
Android OS