Diagnostic Imaging By Justin And Sarah [Autosaved]
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This document provides an overview of several common medical imaging technologies: X-rays, MRI, ultrasound, and CT scans. X-rays use electromagnetic radiation to form images and were the first form of medical imaging. MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images without radiation. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves to safely image soft tissues and flowing blood in real time. CT scans combine multiple X-ray images taken from different angles to construct detailed three-dimensional images of the inside of the body. Each technology has advantages and disadvantages for different diagnostic purposes.
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brief description about CONTENTS Introduction Principles of panoramic imaging Image layer Panoramic machines Panoramic film Patient positioning Interpreting the panoramic imaging INDICATION Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion References
3. INTRODUCTION • Panoramic imaging also called pantomography is a technique for producing a single tomographic image of facial structures that includes both the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and their supporting structures . • This is a curvilinear variant of conventional tomography.
4. PRINCIPLES OF PANORAMIC IMAGE FORMATION • Patero and Numata - describe the principles of panoramic radiography • based on the principle of reciprocal movement of x-ray source and an image receptor around a central point or plane called the image layer, in which the OBJECT of image is located. • OBJECT in front or behind this image are not clearly captured because of their movement relative to the centre of rotation of the receptor and the x-ray source.
5. The film and x-ray tubehead move around the patient in opposite directions in panoramic radiography
6. ROTATION CENTER The pivotal point or axis around which the cassette carrier and tube head rotate is termed rotation center Three basic rotation center used in panoramic radiography Double centre rotation Triple centre rotation moving centre rotation The location and number of rotational centers INFLUENCE size and shape of focal trough
7. IMAGE LAYER • Also known as focal trough • It is a three dimensional curved zone where the structures lying within this layer are reasonably well defined on final panoramic image. • The structures seen on a panoramic image are primarily those located within image layer. • OBJECTSoutside the image layer are blurred magnified are reduced in size. Even distorted to the extent of not being recognizable. • This shape of image layer varies with the brand of equipment used.
8. FOCAL TROUGH
9. FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE OF IMAGE LAYER: Arc path Velocity of receptor and X-ray tube head Alignment of x-ray beam Collimator width The location of image layer change with extensive machine used so recalibration may be necessary if consistently suboptimal images are produced. As a position of object is moved within the image layer size and shape of image layer change.
10. PANORAMIC UNIT
11. A, Orthophos XG Plus extraoral x-ray machine. B, Orthoralix 8500 extraoral x-ray machine. C, Example of a digital panoramic system
12. PARTS OF PANORAMIC UNITS a. x-ray tube head b. head positioner: chin rest notched bite block forehead rest lateral head support c. exposure controls
13. X-RAY TUBE HEAD: • Similar to intraoral x-ray tube head • Each has a filament to produce electrons and a target to produce x-rays • Collimator is a lead plate with narrow vertical slit • Narrow x-ray beam emerges from collimator minimize patient exposure to radiation
1
Skull Radiography techniques and reporting
This document provides information on various radiological techniques and views for imaging the skull. It discusses different projections for visualizing the entire skull, specific bones like the nasal bones, paranasal sinuses, mandible, zygomatic arch, and petromastoid portion. It also covers tomosynthesis techniques like orthopantomography. For each view, it provides details on patient positioning, central ray angulation, and anatomical structures visible. The document aims to guide radiologists in proper technique and checklist items for interpreting skull radiographs.
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radiology-image-characteristics
The x-ray beam is also at an angle to both
the teeth and film. As a result, distortion occurs. In the
radiograph of the mandibular first molar below, the
buccal root appears elongated and narrower than the
palatal root due to the angulation of the x-ray beam.
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1) Early pregnancy ultrasound is used to evaluate normal and abnormal early pregnancies through assessing gestational sac location, structure, viability, dating and number. It can also screen for fetal abnormalities and assist with procedures.
2) Sonographic signs of normal early pregnancy include identifying the gestational sac, yolk sac, embryo/fetus and presence of cardiac activity. Dating is based on mean sac diameter from 5-9 weeks and crown-rump length from 6-12 weeks.
3) Abnormal findings include failed early pregnancy, pregnancy of uncertain viability, pregnancy of unknown location, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, and retained products of conception. Precise diagnosis requires correlating ultrasound findings with hCG
Genetic screening Dr.Padmesh
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- 1. Diagnostic Imaging Justin Williams Sarah Spring November 27th 2009 (1)
- 3. X-Rays
- 4. MRI
- 5. ULTRASOUND
- 6. CT
- 7. Conclusion
- 8. References
- 10. CT
- 11. MRI
- 13. 1st form of medical imaging
- 16. Was experimenting with devices called Crookes tubes
- 17. Excited electrons in tubes created x-rays when they hit glass wall
- 18. Screen 1 meter away had green glow
- 19. Rontgen concluded glow was caused by rays called “X”
- 20. Later used X-rays to create image of his wife’s hand finding medical use(2)Rontgen’s 1st X-ray image
- 22. Chest X-rays to show pneumonia, lung cancer, fluid in lungs
- 23. Kidney Stones
- 24. Arteries and vein images if contrast media substance used(3)
- 26. Okay for most people
- 27. Widely available
- 28. Relatively Cheap
- 34. Used to diagnose and treat medical conditions.
- 36. Can see bleeding or swelling of the brain.
- 37. Brain aneurysms.
- 38. Strokes.
- 39. Brain tumors.
- 40. Inflammation or tumors of the spine.
- 41. Evaluates structure of heart and aorta.
- 43. Enables you to see abnormalities obscured by bone
- 45. Implanted medical devices containing metal may malfunction or cause problems
- 47. Also known as Ultrasound scanning or a Songraphy.
- 48. These images are produced by exposing the part of the body to high frequency sound waves.
- 49. Noninvasive.
- 50. Captured in real time, can show blood flowing through blood vessels.
- 52. Examines bodies internal organs such as; heart, blood vessels, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, etc.
- 55. Widely available
- 56. Easy to use
- 57. Uses no ionizing radiation
- 58. Gives clear picture of soft tissue
- 60. Form of X-ray technology
- 63. 1st medically useful device invented in 1967
- 64. Built by EMI Laboratory
- 65. Required 2.5 hours of computer processing time to produce image
- 67. Chest scan CT images which are much better than X-ray because of increased detail
- 68. Coronary artery/heart scan to diagnose heart disease
- 69. Detailed Bone images to show fractures (5) CT scan of cancerous tumour in lung (top view)
- 71. Images viewed from different angle/plane
- 72. Can focus on Specific Area
- 73. Used to screen/detect diseases
- 75. Not widely available outside wealthier countries
- 77. References http://www.nuh.nhs.uk/diagnosticimaging/images/3x3.gif http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anna_Berthe_Roentgen.gif http://www.boreme.com/boreme/funny-2005/kermit-visits-doctor-p1.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:64_slice_scanner.JPG http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/lung-mass-right-upper-lobe-ct-scan.html
- 87. QUESTIONS?