DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING FIRST REPORT

1. MEDICAL IMAGE
ANALYSIS

2. Introduction
• Technology today is extremely
advanced and now physicians can
call upon a variety of imaging
techniques to help examine the
inside of the body and therefore
make an accurate diagnosis such
as Scans and images of the body.

3. Goal and purpose
• To see host of health problems
and abnormalities
– Prevention
– Cure
• Purpose of study
– More ethical
– Simpler
– convenient

4. Digital image
• In modern medicine, medical imaging
has undergone major advancements.
Today, this ability to achieve
information about the human body
has many useful clinical applications.
Over the years, different sorts of
medical imaging have been developed,
each with their own advantages and
disadvantages.

5. Types of medical imagery
• Radiologic technology
• Ultrasound technology
• CT Scans
• MRI Scan

6. 2 Broad Category
• The first is the imaging of the
anatomy.
• The second is imaging of
'function‘

7. Radiologic technology

8. Radiologic technology
• This is much more commonly
known as X-ray technology, and
this is probably the most well
known type of image taken of the
body. A radiologic technologist is
responsible for carrying out x-ray
examinations.

9. X-ray procedure
• a procedure where a small dose
of radiation passes through the
body, some of the rays being
absorbed as they go and all
traveling at different speeds.
These rays are projected onto
special film which produces an
image of the inside of the body.

10. X ray Samples

11. Ultrasound technology

12. Ultrasound technology
• Usually an ultrasound is the
imaging solution for examining
fetuses within the womb.
Ultrasound technology can view
body structures in a way that X-
rays cannot and provides a
clearer and more in depth
picture. Although pregnancy is a
common reason for using
ultrasound technology.

13. Ultra sound Process
• A transducer, or probe, is used to
project and receive the sound
waves and the return signals.
• A gel is wiped onto the patient's
skin so that the sound waves are
not distorted as they cross
through the skin.

14. Process Continuation
• Using their understanding of
human anatomy and the
machine, the technician can
evaluate specific structures
• The goal will be to "paint" a
shadow picture of the inner organ
that the health care practitioner
has asked to be visualized.

15. Ultrasounds
• Ultrasound produces sound
waves that are beamed into the
body causing return echoes that
are recorded to "visualize"
structures beneath the skin.
• The technology is especially
accurate at seeing the interface
between solid and fluid filled
spaces.

16. Ultra Sound Facts
• Sound waves cannot penetrate
deeply, and an obese patient may
be imaged poorly.
• Ultrasound does not penetrate
bone easily.
• The accuracy of the test is very
much operator dependent. This
means that the key to a good test
is the ultrasound technician.

17. Ultrasound vs. Sonogram
• Ultra sound
– An ultrasound is the machine that
allows you to see your baby during
your pregnancy.
• Sonogram
– A sonogram is the picture taken of
your baby during the ultrasound.

18. Sample Pictures

19. Sample Pictures

21. CT Scans / CAT scans
• CT scan
– Computer Tomography
• CAT scan
– Computerized Axial Tomography

22. CT scan / CAT scan
• A more advanced type of scan
that can be used to examine the
whole body from the brain to the
ligaments.
• It uses radiation in the same way
of traditional X-rays, however
images that are taken are
processed by CT software to
provide doctors with a 3D image
of the body.

23. Advantages
• way it is a very effective type of
scan
• It is a non-invasive procedure
• capable of detecting most serious
illnesses including the majority of
cancers and tumors

24. CT Scan At A Glance
• CT scanning adds x-ray images
with the aid of a computer to
generate cross-sectional views of
anatomy.
• CT scanning can identify normal
and abnormal structures and be
used to guide procedures.
• CT scanning is painless.

25. Basic CT Scan Set-up

26. CT Scan Images

27. MRI Technology

28. MRI
• An MRI stands for magnetic
resonance image.
• A special radiology technique
designed to image internal
structures of the body using
magnetism, radio waves, and a
computer to produce the images
of body structures.

29. Image Acquisition
• MRI does not depend on ionizing radiation
• Instead, while in the magnet, radio waves
redirect the axes of spinning protons, which
are the nuclei of hydrogen atoms, in a strong
magnetic field.
• The magnetic field is produced by passing an
electric current through wire coils in most MRI
units. Other coils, located in the machine,
send and receive radio waves, producing
signals that are detected by the coils.

30. Image Acquisition
• A computer then processes the
signals and generates a series of
images each of which shows a
thin slice of the body. The images
can then be studied from
different angles by the
interpreting radiologist.

31. Basic MRI Set-up

32. MRI images

33. Nuclear Imaging

34. Nuclear Medicine
• Nuclear medicine is a branch of
medical imaging that uses small
amounts of radioactive material
to diagnose and determine the
severity of or treat a variety of
diseases, including many types of
cancers, heart disease,
gastrointestinal, endocrine,
neurological disorders and other
abnormalities within the body

35. Nuclear Imaging
• 2 types
– Positron emission tomography
– single photon emission computed
tomography

36. Positron emission tomography
• PET. A highly specialized imaging
technique that uses short-lived
radioactive substances to
produce three-dimensional
colored images of those
substances functioning within the
body. These images are called PET
scans and the technique is
termed PET scanning.

37. About PET
• provides information about the
body's chemistry
• studies metabolic, blood flow,
oxygen use, and sugar activity of
body function.
• PET has been used primarily in
cardiology, neurology, and
oncology.

38. Procedure
• the patient receives a short half-lived
radiopharmaceutical or radiotrace
• This radioactive material accumulates in the
organ or area being examined, where it gives
off a small amount of energy in the form of
gamma rays.
• A gamma camera, PET scanner, or probe
detects this energy and creates pictures
offering details on both the structure and
function of organs and tissues in your body.

39. PET scan images

40. SPECT
• single photon emission computed
tomography
• is a nuclear medicine tomographic
imaging technique using gamma rays.
• It is very similar to conventional
nuclear medicine planar imaging using
a gamma camera.
• However, it is able to provide true 3D
information. This information is
typically presented as cross-sectional
slices through the patient

41. PET vs. SPECT
Positron emission single photon emission computed
tomography tomography
• cardiology, neurology, and • SPECT Scan is capable of
oncology use PET Scanning. providing information about
• PET image can map the blood flow to tissue.
biological function of an • It is a sensitive diagnostic
organ, can detect subtle tool used to detect stress
metabolic changes, fracture and tumor.
determine if a disease is • Analyzing blood flow to an
active or dormant. organ may help to
determine how well it is
functioning.

42. Agpalakpak Kayo met Ahhh
• 4 types of medical imagery
• Meaning of PET and SPECT
• differentiate sonogram to
ultrasound