brief description about CONTENTS Introduction Principles of panoramic imaging Image layer Panoramic machines Panoramic film Patient positioning Interpreting the panoramic imaging INDICATION Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion References
3. INTRODUCTION • Panoramic imaging also called pantomography is a technique for producing a single tomographic image of facial structures that includes both the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and their supporting structures . • This is a curvilinear variant of conventional tomography.
4. PRINCIPLES OF PANORAMIC IMAGE FORMATION • Patero and Numata - describe the principles of panoramic radiography • based on the principle of reciprocal movement of x-ray source and an image receptor around a central point or plane called the image layer, in which the OBJECT of image is located. • OBJECT in front or behind this image are not clearly captured because of their movement relative to the centre of rotation of the receptor and the x-ray source.
5. The film and x-ray tubehead move around the patient in opposite directions in panoramic radiography
6. ROTATION CENTER The pivotal point or axis around which the cassette carrier and tube head rotate is termed rotation center Three basic rotation center used in panoramic radiography Double centre rotation Triple centre rotation moving centre rotation The location and number of rotational centers INFLUENCE size and shape of focal trough
7. IMAGE LAYER • Also known as focal trough • It is a three dimensional curved zone where the structures lying within this layer are reasonably well defined on final panoramic image. • The structures seen on a panoramic image are primarily those located within image layer. • OBJECTSoutside the image layer are blurred magnified are reduced in size. Even distorted to the extent of not being recognizable. • This shape of image layer varies with the brand of equipment used.
8. FOCAL TROUGH
9. FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE OF IMAGE LAYER: Arc path Velocity of receptor and X-ray tube head Alignment of x-ray beam Collimator width The location of image layer change with extensive machine used so recalibration may be necessary if consistently suboptimal images are produced. As a position of object is moved within the image layer size and shape of image layer change.
10. PANORAMIC UNIT
11. A, Orthophos XG Plus extraoral x-ray machine. B, Orthoralix 8500 extraoral x-ray machine. C, Example of a digital panoramic system
12. PARTS OF PANORAMIC UNITS a. x-ray tube head b. head positioner: chin rest notched bite block forehead rest lateral head support c. exposure controls
13. X-RAY TUBE HEAD: • Similar to intraoral x-ray tube head • Each has a filament to produce electrons and a target to produce x-rays • Collimator is a lead plate with narrow vertical slit • Narrow x-ray beam emerges from collimator minimize patient exposure to radiation
1
this contains the occlusal radiography methods for both maxillary and mandibular different occusal radiographic techniques, principles, classification, indications
IDEAL IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS
FACTORS RELATED TO THE RADIATION BEAM
FACTORS RELATED TO THE OBJECT
FACTORS RELATED TO THE TECHNIQUE
FACTORS RELATED TO RECORDING OF THE ROENTGEN IMAGE OF THE OBJECT
DARK/ LIGHT IMAGE IDEAL IMAGE
IDEAL QUALITY CRIETRIA
this contains the occlusal radiography methods for both maxillary and mandibular different occusal radiographic techniques, principles, classification, indications
IDEAL IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS
FACTORS RELATED TO THE RADIATION BEAM
FACTORS RELATED TO THE OBJECT
FACTORS RELATED TO THE TECHNIQUE
FACTORS RELATED TO RECORDING OF THE ROENTGEN IMAGE OF THE OBJECT
DARK/ LIGHT IMAGE IDEAL IMAGE
IDEAL QUALITY CRIETRIA
This presentation will give you a detailed knowledge about the various techniques that can be performed for imaging various aspects and diseases of TM Joint.
Bisecting angle vs paralleling technique /orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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This presentation will give you a detailed knowledge about the various techniques that can be performed for imaging various aspects and diseases of TM Joint.
Bisecting angle vs paralleling technique /orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Imaging for dental implants is a simplified informative presentation about imaging modalities used in dental implants procedure. it will give you a brief about the development of the Xray.
this slide briefs the correct positioning and some error in OPG and lateral cephalometric imaging. It also briefs the importance of correct positioning from the perspective of the maxillofacial surgeon.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cephalometrics (3) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Brief introduction to the latest innovations that are used at dentistry, where equipment used are fully digitized and computerized, with the differences between using conventional methods and digital equipment in dentistry.
Main equipment to be discussed are dental imaging systems and CAD/CAM systems
brief description about pressable ceramicsCONTENTS: • Introduction • Definition For Dental Ceramics • Definition For Pressable Ceramics • History • Various All Ceramic Systems • Classification • Pressable Ceramics • History • Generation Of Pressable Ceramics • Cerestore – Development Fabrication Advantage Disadvantage 2
3. IPS Empress - Materials And Composition Special Furnace Fabrication Advantage Disadvantage IPS Empress 2- INDICATION Properties Fabrication Method Advantage Disadvantage IPS Emax Press - Microstructure Composition Properties OPC 3G- Development Indication Properties 3
4. INTRODUCTION There have been significant TECHNOLOGICAL advances in the field of dental ceramics over the last 10 years which have made a corresponding increase in the number of materials available. Improvements in strength, clinical performance, and longevity have made all ceramic restorations more popular and more predictable 4
5. DEFINITION FOR DENTAL CERAMICS⁶ An inorganic compound with non metallic properties typically consisting of oxygen and one or more metallic or semi metallic elements (e.g ;Aluminium, Calcium, Lithium, Mangnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Silicon, Tin , Titanium And Zirconium)that is formulated to produce the whole or part of a ceramic based dental prosthesis 5
6. DEFINITION FOR PRESSABLE CERAMICS ⁶ • A ceramic that can be heated to a specified temperature and forced under pressure to fill a cavity in a refractory mold 6
7. HISTORY OF DENTAL CERAMICS ⁶ • 1789-first porcelain tooth material by a French dentist De Chemant • 1774- mineral paste teeth by Duchateau in England • 1808-terrometallic porcelain teeth by Italian dentist Fonzi • 1817- Planteu introduced porcelain teeth in US • 1837- Ash developed improved version of porcelain teeth 7
8. • 1903 – Dr.Charless introduced ceramic crowns in dentistry he fabricate ceramic crown using platinum foil matrix and high fusing feldspathic porcelain excellent esthetics but low flexural strength resulted in failure • 1965- dental aluminous core Porcelain by Mclean and Huges • 1984- Dicor by Adair and Grossman 8
9. 9
10. VARIOUS ALL CERAMIC SYSTEMS Aluminous core ceramics Slip cast ceramics Heat pressed ceramics Machined ceramics Machined and sintered ceramics Metal reinforced system 10
11. MICROSTRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION⁵ Category 1: Glass-based systems (mainly silica) Category 2: Glass-based systems (mainly silica) with fillers usually crystalline (typically leucite or a different high-fusing glass) a) Low-to-moderate leucite-
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
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- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
3. INTRODUCTION
• Panoramic imaging also called
pantomography is a technique for producing a
single tomographic image of facial structures
that includes both the maxillary and
mandibular dental arches and their supporting
structures .
• This is a curvilinear variant of conventional
tomography.
4. PRINCIPLES OF PANORAMIC IMAGE
FORMATION
• Patero and Numata - describe the principles of panoramic
radiography
• based on the principle of reciprocal movement of x-ray
source and an image receptor around a central point or
plane called the image layer, in which the object of image is
located.
• Object in front or behind this image are not clearly captured
because of their movement relative to the centre of rotation
of the receptor and the x-ray source.
5. The film and x-ray tubehead move around the patient
in opposite directions in panoramic radiography
6. ROTATION CENTER
The pivotal point or axis around which the cassette carrier
and tube head rotate is termed rotation center
Three basic rotation center used in panoramic radiography
Double centre rotation
Triple centre rotation
moving centre rotation
The location and number of rotational centers influence
size and shape of focal trough
7.
8. IMAGE LAYER
• Also known as focal trough
• It is a three dimensional curved zone where the structures lying
within this layer are reasonably well defined on final panoramic
image.
• The structures seen on a panoramic image are primarily those
located within image layer.
• Objects outside the image layer are blurred magnified are reduced
in size. Even distorted to the extent of not being recognizable.
• This shape of image layer varies with the brand of equipment used.
10. FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE OF IMAGE LAYER:
Arc path
Velocity of receptor and X-ray tube head
Alignment of x-ray beam
Collimator width
The location of image layer change with extensive machine
used so recalibration may be necessary if consistently
suboptimal images are produced.
As a position of object is moved within the image layer size
and shape of image layer change.
12. A, Orthophos XG Plus extraoral x-ray machine. B,
Orthoralix 8500 extraoral x-ray machine. C, Example of
a digital panoramic system
13. PARTS OF PANORAMIC UNITS
a. x-ray tube head
b. head positioner:
chin rest
notched bite block
forehead rest
lateral head support
c. exposure controls
14. X-RAY TUBE HEAD:
• Similar to intraoral x-ray tube head
• Each has a filament to produce electrons and a target to
produce x-rays
• Collimator is a lead plate with narrow vertical slit
• Narrow x-ray beam emerges from collimator minimize patient
exposure to radiation
15. • Tube head is fixed in position and rotates
behind the patient head
• Film positioner is used to align the patients
teeth accurately in focal trough
17. CASSETTE
• It is a device used to hold the extra oral film
and intensifying screens
• Light tight to protect the film from exposure
• Two types
Rigid
Flexible
18.
19. FILM CASSETTES
A and B, Rigid cassettes.
Intensifying screens are
attached to the inside cover
and base of a rigid cassette.
When the panoramic film is
placed in the cassette, it lies
between the screens.
C, FLEXIBLE CASSETTE has an
opening at one end, creating a
pouch.
The panoramic film is placed
between two removable,
flexible intensifying screens,
which are then slid into the
pouch
20. PANORAMIC FILM
• Screen film used available in two sizes:
5x12 inch
6x12 inch
• Placed between two intensifying screen in a cassette holder
• Sensitive to light emitted from intensifying screens
• When exposed to x-ray, screen convert x-ray energy into
light
21. INTENSIFYING SCREENS
• Calcium tungstate –emit blue light
• Rare earth –emit green light, less x-ray
exposure
• Two types
24. PATIENT POSITIONING AND HEAD
ALIGNMENT
• Dental appliance earrings ,necklace, hairpins, and any other metallic
objects should be removed
• Instruct the patient to stand as tall as possible with back straight
and stand erect .
• Vertical column must be straight
• Instruct the patient to bite on the plastic bite block tooth must be
positioned in edge to edge position in the groove present in the
bite block it is used to align the teeth in the focal trough
25.
26. A double-sided lead apron is recommended for
use during exposure of a panoramic film
27. • Midsagittal plane
perpendicular to floor
• Frankfort horizontal plane
parallel to the floor
• Tongue must be positioned on
the roof of the mouth
• Instruct the patient to remain
still while machine is rotating
30. • Condylar process and TMJ: a bony rounded
radioopaque projection extending from ramus of
mandible
• Coronoid process: triangular radio opacity posterior
to tuberosity region
• Ramus: shadow of other structure may
superimposed over the ramus such as
• Pharyngeal airway shadow
• Posterior wall of pharynx
• Cervical vertebra
• Ear lobe
• Nasal cartilage
• Soft palate and uvula
• Dorsum of tongue
• Ghost shadow
31. • Body and angle : radiopaque bony structure
where the ramus join the body of the
mandible
• mandibular dentition and alveolus
33. • Cortical boundary of maxilla including
posterior border and alveolar ridge
• Pterygomaxillary fissure : radiolucent area
between the lateral pterygoid plate and
maxilla
• Maxillary sinuses: paired radiolucencies
located above the apices of premolars and
molars
34. • Zygomatic complex or buttresses of midface:
includes lateral and inferior orbital rims
zygomatic process of maxilla zygomatic arch
• Nasal cavity and conchae: radiolucent area
above the maxillary incissors
• TMJ
• Maxillary dentition and alveolus
36. • Tongue under the hard palate: radiopaque area
superimposed over the maxillary posterior teeth
• Lip line: seen in the region of anterior teeth
• Soft palate: extending posteriorly from hard
palate
• Posterior wall of pharynx
• Nasal septum
• Ear lobes
• Nose and nasolabial fold
37. DENTITION
• Teeth and supporting alveolar bone are
evaluated
• Teeth examined for
Gross anomalies of number ,position, and
anatomy
Impacted third molars
Endodontic obturations, crowns, fixed restoration
38. INDICATION
• To evaluate impacted teeth
• To evaluate eruption patterns, growth and
development
• To detect diseases ,lesions and conditions of
the jaw
• To examine extent of large lesions
• To evaluate trauma periodontal bone loss and
periapical involvement.
39. • Finding the source of dental pain
• Assessment for the placement of dental implants
• Orthodontic assessment. pre and post operative
• Caries detection especially in the inter-dental
region.
• Diagnosis of developmental anomalies such
as Cherubism, Cleido cranial dysplasia
• Carcinoma in relation to the jaws
• Tempero mandibular joint dysfunctions
and ankylosis
40. ADVANTAGES
• Broad coverage of facial bones and teeth
• Low patient radiation dose
• Convenience of the examination of the patient
• Use in patients unable to open their mouth
• Short time required
• In patient education and case presentation
42. CONCLUSION
• As OPG has several advantages in the field of
dentistry and its inevitable role in diagnosis
every dentist should know about it.
• Compared with the conventional radiographic
technique involving atleast 16 intraoral
exposures OPG has several advantage it takes
fairly easy; takes one minute and shows entire
oral cavity in one minute however resulting
image produce less detail than IOPA
43. REFERENCES
• Freny R.Karjodkar :Text book of Dental and maxillofacial
radiology 2nd edition page number :236-255
• Laura Jansen ,Joen M.Ianucci Harring :Dental radiography
Principles and techniques of Oral radiology: 3rd edition page
number:305-319
• white and pharaoh : Oral radiology principles and
interpretation 6th edition; page number: 175-189