The document summarizes various medical imaging machines including CT scans, PET scans, MRI scans, DSR scans, and sonograms. CT scans use X-rays and computers to produce cross-sectional images of the body. PET scans use radioactive tracers to detect cancer and other diseases. MRI scans use magnetic fields to produce detailed images of organs and soft tissues without radiation. DSR scans produce real-time 3D images while sonograms use ultrasound to image fetuses and internal organs in real-time without radiation.
Modern medicine has advanced well beyond x-rays. The two most commonly used tests besides x-rays are CT scans and MRIs, both of which provide more detail than simple x-rays.
Modern medicine has advanced well beyond x-rays. The two most commonly used tests besides x-rays are CT scans and MRIs, both of which provide more detail than simple x-rays.
CT scans also termed as computer tomography, is an imaging test that involves taking the circular images of the body and then produces what a picture on the computer that looks like a slice through the body.
ultrasound is not limited to diagnosis, but can also be used in screening for disease and to aid in treatment of diseases . another one is ultrasound is not expose any radiation.
Please have a look at the features and Images from our latest installation of MDT centauri 3000 OPEN MRI systems at Chirayu Hospital, Ratnagiri, India.
This presentation informs the procedure of MRI scan.It throws light upon the factors which are important before and after the scan.It also discusses the contraindications before and after the mri scan and which things should be avoided before the scan.
What is PET-CT Scan?? Get a detailed overview & Checkout the real cost of PET...BMS_health
A PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan is an imaging test that allows your doctor
to check for diseases in your body. The scan uses special dye that has radioactive tracers.
A PET-CT scan combines a CT scan and a PET scan. Doctors combine these tests because a CT scan and PET scan show different things. A CT scan shows detailed pictures of tissues and organs inside the body.A PET scan shows abnormal activity. So, the 2 scans together provide more information about the cancer. You usually have a PET-CT scan in the radiology department as an outpatient. Visit BookMyScans and book your whole body PET-CT Scan in India at 60% discount on market price.
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CT scans also termed as computer tomography, is an imaging test that involves taking the circular images of the body and then produces what a picture on the computer that looks like a slice through the body.
ultrasound is not limited to diagnosis, but can also be used in screening for disease and to aid in treatment of diseases . another one is ultrasound is not expose any radiation.
Please have a look at the features and Images from our latest installation of MDT centauri 3000 OPEN MRI systems at Chirayu Hospital, Ratnagiri, India.
This presentation informs the procedure of MRI scan.It throws light upon the factors which are important before and after the scan.It also discusses the contraindications before and after the mri scan and which things should be avoided before the scan.
What is PET-CT Scan?? Get a detailed overview & Checkout the real cost of PET...BMS_health
A PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan is an imaging test that allows your doctor
to check for diseases in your body. The scan uses special dye that has radioactive tracers.
A PET-CT scan combines a CT scan and a PET scan. Doctors combine these tests because a CT scan and PET scan show different things. A CT scan shows detailed pictures of tissues and organs inside the body.A PET scan shows abnormal activity. So, the 2 scans together provide more information about the cancer. You usually have a PET-CT scan in the radiology department as an outpatient. Visit BookMyScans and book your whole body PET-CT Scan in India at 60% discount on market price.
https://www.facebook.com/BookMyScansDotCom
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Best CT Scan Centre of Delhi | Ganesh Diagnostic & Imaging Centre Pvt Ltdganeshdiagnostic2
A CT Scan typically combines various rotating X-Rays along with hi-end computerised processing to initiate a more detailed ‘picture’ of the inner structures of a body – including bones, tissues, and organs. A CT Scan is generally done on a patient's spine, heart, head, chest, abdomen, face, and knee. During a CT Scan, the body is made to pass by a tunnel-like machine that rotates through a 360-degree arc as it takes pictures in rapid succession. These images are eventually fed into a computer to produce an ‘all-around’ 2D snap of any part of the body. While the process of CT scan starts the contrast (substance) is taken by mouth or through an injection to see all the organs more clearly. Top CT scan centre of Delhi, India for getting the best laboratory services at an affordable price visit Ganesh diagnostic centre.
There are many different imaging techniques used in medicine and other fields. Some examples include X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scans, ultrasound, and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. These techniques all work in different ways to produce images of the inside of the body or other objects. For example, X-rays use radiation to create images, while MRI and CT scans use powerful magnets and computers to produce detailed images of the body's internal structures. Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images, and PET scans use radioactive tracers to create images of the body's metabolic activity. These imaging techniques are often used in conjunction with one another to provide a comprehensive view of a patient's condition.
Computer tomography (CT), originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan) and body section rentenography.
It is a medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation.
The word "tomography" is derived from the Greek tomos (slice) and graphein (to write). CT produces a volume of data which can be manipulated, through a process known as windowing, in order to demonstrate various structures based on their ability to block the X-ray beam.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
4. CT scanning is a combination of special x-ray equipment with the help of sophisticated computers to produce different pictures of the body’s insides
5. CT scans are used to scan parts of your body such as: organs, bones, soft tissue and blood vessels.
6. Doctors sometimes choose the CT scan mostly because it gives clearer details than conventional X-ray machines.
7.
8. CT scans can quickly identify injuries in the lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, bowel or other internal organs.
9. CT examinations can be use to measure mineral densities inside of bones for the detection of osteoporosis ,or the decease where bones are on the verge of fracturing due to decreasing amount of minerals.
10.
11. It can image bones, soft tissues and blood vessels at the same time.
15. There is always a slight chance of getting cancer from the excessive exposure of radiation.
16. The amount of radiation from one exam in the CT scan is around the same amount that you would receive in 3 top five years.
17.
18. Nuclear medicine is a branch of medical imaging that requires small amount of radio active materials to find or treat a variety of deceases.
19. The machine looks similar to a CT or a MRI scanner. So it looks like a round doughnut with a desk that moves through it. Please Press the Black Box for the Video to Play
20. PET Scans What and Why is it Used for? It is used to findcancerinside your body. When found it could also benefit the doctor, so that the doctors could find a way to cureit. Used to see and identify the spreading of cancercells. So the doctors can tell if it is dangerous or not. It can detect brain disorders such as Alzheimer, Parkinson’s decease and more. It can determine the effects of a heartattack Please Press the Black Box for the Video to Play
21. PET Scans How does it work ? First the physician would either inject , make you swallow or inhale as a gas a radioactive material called radiopharmaceutical or radiotracer. Then the material will gather in the organs or area of the body which is being examined. When it gathers this material gives off a smallamount of energy. After that the PETscannerdetects this energy given of by the radioactivematerial ,and with the help of a computer a picture is then formed. Please Press the Black Box for the Video to Play
24. The magnetic fields are being created by the electricity passing through the wire coils inside the machine.
25. The waves affect the body’s atoms and causing them to move into a different position. As the atoms go back into the original position they give of radio waves of their own
26.
27.
28. A person who is very large in size may sometime not fit into the whole of a typical MRI machine.
42. Credits and Bibliography Videos Presentation & Video for Information "Medical Milestones - X-Rays." YouTube-Broadcast Yourself. Web. 06 Mar. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oy0fYeV764&feature=related>. "Radiology in Motion: CT." RadiologyInfo - The Radiology Information Resource for Patients. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/video/index.cfm?filename='CT'>. "Radiology in Motion: MRI." RadiologyInfo - The Radiology Information Resource for Patients. Web. 06 Mar. 2010. <http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/video/index.cfm?filename='MR'>. "Radiology in Motion: Nuclear Medicine." RadiologyInfo - The Radiology Information Resource for Patients. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/video/index.cfm?filename=nm>. "Radiology in Motion: Ultrasound." RadiologyInfo - The Radiology Information Resource for Patients. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/video/index.cfm?filename='US'>.
43. Credits and Bibliography Pictures Used For Presentation (Part 1) "CT SCAN MODEL." Radiology Equipment. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.radiology-equipment.com/detail.CFM?LineItemID=763>. "DSR Scan." Yale Image Processing and Analysis Group (IPAG). Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://noodle.med.yale.edu/alums/amini/prindirs.html>. "Imaging Techniques." Answers.com: Wiki Q&A Combined with Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Encyclopedias. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.answers.com/topic/imaging-techniques>. "Introduction to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Full Article)." National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. Web. 06 Mar. 2010. <http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorials/magnetacademy/mri/fullarticle.html>. "Mayo Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor (DSR)." Mayo Clinic: Medical Education and Research. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.mayo.edu/sppdg/AutoGen/6128.html>. "Medical Equipment: CT Scanner." Medical Imaging Equipment. Web. 06 Mar. 2010. <http://www.amberusa.com/remanufactured/catDetails.asp?catId=11&catname=CT%20Scanner>. "Medical Imaging." Healthcare Technology Online: Healthcare Technology System News, Implementation Trends, Best Practices, & Product Information. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.healthcaretechnologyonline.com/solution.mvc/medical-imaging-pacs>. "Open MRI Machine." Klamath: Direct Action! - March 4, 2010 | North Coast Journal | Humboldt County, Calif. Web. 06 Mar. 2010. <http://www.northcoastjournal.com/111804/cover1118.html>.
44. Credits and Bibliography Pictures Used For Presentation (Part 2) "PET Scan." Brookhaven National Laboratory. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/PR_display.asp?prID=05-84>. "Positron Emission Tomography." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron_emission_tomography>. "Scans." California Personal Injury Law Case Notes : California Personal Injury Lawyer & Attorney : Kristine Meredith : The Danko Law Firm : Car Accidents & Product Liability. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.capersonalinjurycaselawnotes.com/2009/07/articles/brain-injuries/mris-pet-scans-and-traumatic-brain-injury/>. "Sonograms." Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.kayarain.com/pictures/Sonograms/index.htm>. "Ultrasound." Diagnostic Radiology and Interventional Radiology Greenwich Radiological Group. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.greenwichradiology.com/ultrasound.php>. "Ultrasound Scans." Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://www.acrin.org/PATIENTS/ABOUTXRAYSANDSCANS/ABOUTULTRASOUNDSCANS/tabid/243/Default.aspx>. "X-ray Imaging." Nature Publishing Group. Web. 06 Mar. 2010. <http://www.nature.com/ki/journal/v55/n2/fig_tab/4490600f7.html#figure-title>. "X-ray." Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://faceache.wordpress.com/2007/08/29/x-ray-looks-normal/>. "X-ray." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 07 Mar. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray>.