Magnetic resonance imaging advancement

1. MRI Advancement
Ankit Kumar
Radiotherapy Tutor
Apex paramedical institute, Varanasi

2. content
Introduction
History
 Advancement
o Hardware advancement
o Software advancement
o Application advancement

3. MRI ?
M-MAGNETIC
R- RESONANCE
I- IMAGING
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to create a detailed, cross-
sectional image of internal organs and structures from the body.
 It is a type of scan that uses large strong magnetic fields ,radio waves
and a computer to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.

6. How does MRI Work ?
 putting patient into magnet
 Sending R.F pulse
 Receiving R.F pulse
 constructing image from raw data with
computers.

7. History
 1937 -Rabi gives his postulate on “molecular beam magnetic resonance”
 1946 Edward Purcell and Felix Bloch independently studied the magnetic resonance
properties of atoms and molecules in solids and liquids.
 1971 Raymond Damadian suggested that MR relaxation times could be used to
distinguish cancer from healthy tissue.
 1973-Paul Lauterbur realized that a gradient magnetic field would allow observers to
take two-dimensional images of an object, which could then be stacked to create a
three-dimensional view. Lauterbur imaged two water-filled test tube using magnetic
resonance, producing the 1st MR image.
 By 1977, Dr. Damadian completed construction of the first whole-body MRIscanner, which
he named the "Indomitable
 Peter Mansfield developed echo- planar technique in the year 1977 , which allows images to
be produces in seconds and later becomes the basis for fast MRimaging.
 Many scientists over the next years developed MRIinto the technology that we now know
today.

8. 1882 - Nikola Tesla discovered the Rotating
Magnetic Field.

9. 1937 -Rabi gives his postulate on “molecular
beam magnetic resonance
Isidor Isaac Rabi

10. • 1946 Edward Purcell and Felix Bloch independently studied the magnetic
resonance properties of atoms and molecules in solids and liquids.
Edward Mills Purcell Felix Bloch

11. 1971 Raymond Damadian suggested that MR relaxation times could be used to
distinguish cancer from healthy tissue.

12. The-first-whole-body-MR-image-produced-by-Dr.-
Damadian’s-MRI-machine

13. Paul C. Lauterbur
1973-Paul Lauterbur realized that a gradient magnetic field would allow observers to
take two-dimensional images of an object, which could then be stacked to create a
three-dimensional view. Lauterbur imaged two water-filled test tube using magnetic
resonance, producing the 1st MR image.

14. Peter Mansfield developed echo- planar technique in the
year 1977 , which allows images to be produces in
seconds and later becomes the basis for fast MR imaging.
Peter Mansfield

15. Dr. Raymond-Damadian’s-‘Indomitable’-a-full-body-
MRI-scanner

17. MRI
ADVANCEMENT
HARDWARE
ADVANCEMENT
APPLICATION
ADVANCEMENT
SOFTWARE
ADVANCEMENT

19. High field scanners
 In October 2017, the FDA cleared the first 7T MRI system.
The MagnetomTerra fromSiemens is the first
7T MRI systemclearedfor clinical use in the
UnitedStates

20. AIR COIL TECHNOLOGY
• It enables the creation of
blanket-like MRI coils, rather
than the hard plastic or
semi-flexible coil sheets
currently available

21. ADVANTAGES :
• can be folded and bent to easily wrap
around the patient’s body.
• The coils are extremely lightweight and
use flexible electronics.
• The AIR technology also allows coils to
overlap without cross-talk interference,
unlike conventional coil technology.

22. Wide bore MRI
• Main reason for these
new wide bore
machines have become
so widely popular is
because they have
allowed those patients
who cannot fit into
conventional MRI
machines

23. Open bore MRI
Open MRI is helpful in
groups of patients:
•Claustrophobic or anxious
•Bariatric
•Limited mobility
•Children and the elderly

24. In-bore ambient experience technology
• This system includes an
Ambient Experience
technology package that
offers a soothing
experience for the
patient complete with
imagery, sound and
light specially designed
to help patients relax.

25. Silent MRI
• GE Healthcare has
expanded its Silent
Scan MRI noise
reduction
technology to its
Signa Pioneer 3T
system

26. Software advancement

27. Multi-contrast MRI images from a single acquisition
 (FDA) granted market clearance for GE Healthcare’s MAGIC (Magnetic resonance image Compilation)
software, the industry’s first multi-contrast MRI technique that delivers eight contrasts in a single acquisition in a
fraction of the time of conventional imaging.
 Clinicians have the ability to generate multiple image contrasts in a single MR scan – including T1, T2, STIR, T1
FLAIR, T2 FLAIR, dual IR, phase sensitive IR and proton density weighted images of the brain in a single
acquisition.
 MAGIC is available on GE’s Optima MR450, Optima MR450w, Discovery MR750, Discovery MR750w and
Signa Pioneer MRI systems.

28. Software greatly reducing MRI Scan times
Simultaneous Multi-Slice (SMS)
o Using SMS, physicians can reduce the length of MRI brain
examinations
o SMS can be used in the treatment of patients who possess limited
tolerance for longer scan times, including pediatric or geriatric
patients
o The SMS application is available on Siemens’ Magnetom Aera
1.5T, Magnetom Skyra 3T, and Magnetom Prisma and Prisma
Fit 3T MRI systems.

29. GO Brain
 GO Brain application allows acquisition of clinically
essential image orientations and contrasts with a single
button-push. The technology is backed by Siemens’ high-
channel density coils and the company’s MRI scanning
software DotGO.
 GOBrain helps improve patient throughput and potentially
reduce costs per scan.
 The GOBrain application is featured on the Magnetom
Aera and Magnetom Skyra systems.

30. Lung MRI Now possible
Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE)
 Lung MRI has been problematic since the lungs are filled with air
and there is a low density of the hydrogen atoms required to
create MR images. For this reason, computed tomography (CT) has
traditionally been used for lung imaging. At RSNA 2015, Toshiba
introduced its Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) sequence for dedicated
pulmonary MRI. Available on the Vantage Titan 3.0T MR system,
UTE allows clinicians to view tissue with very short relaxation
times and high susceptibility regions where signals generally
disappear too quickly for accurate MR imaging.

31. Simplifying cardiac MRI
Vios Works
 Cardiac MRI has been very limited, only making up about 1 percent of all MRIs due to its complexity, long exam times and high cost.
However, GE Healthcare introduced a new MRI technology at RSNA 2015 to greatly simplify cardiac MR in hopes of expanding its
adoption in place of CT scans. Developed for its new Signa MRI scanners, the new ViosWorks cardiac MRI software helps automate the
image sequences to perform a full 3-D chest volume scan that includes the full motion of the myocardium during the cardiac cycle, blood
flow, time and fully automated quantification to create what GE calls a 7-D cardiac MRI exam.
 ViosWorks also speeds the imaging time from 70 minutes down to about 10 minutes using a single, free breathing exam.
 Gathering a full volume dataset of a chest in motion creates a large amount of data that would normally clog the average picture archiving
and communication system (PACS)and post-processing 3-D image workstation. An average cardiac MRI exam today is about 200 MB,
while a ViosWorks exam is about 20 GB. So, GE has launched a new cloud computing service to help process that large amount of data
quickly with remote super-computing power.

32. Simplifying MRI-conditional implant scans
ScanWise Implant
 Advancements in medical implant technologies have greatly increased the number of patients
with these devices in recent years, which complicated MRI scanning of these patients.
 MR-conditional implants include knee and hip replacements, spine implants, pacemakers and
implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).
 More of these devices are becoming MR-conditional, which permits MRI scanning within
certain parameters.
 These implants require adjustments in the scanner setup in order to create optimal images in
the presence of these metal implants and to ensure patient safety. However, these
adjustments can be time consuming and complex, causing patients with MR-conditional
implants to often be denied MRI exams.
 At RSNA 2015, Philips unveiled the first MRI automated user interface technology designed to
greatly simplify exams with patients that have MR-conditional medical implants.
 The new Scan Wise Implant software offers a guided user interface and automatic scan
parameter selection designed to support “first-time-right” imaging. The software guides
operators to meet the specific criteria for each implant.

33. Shortening prostate MRI Exams
SEEit
 The FDA in January cleared the noninvasive SEEit prostate MR
imaging solution from Siemens.
 Powered by syngo MR E11 software architecture, SEEit enables users of
Siemens’ Magnetom Aera 1.5T and Magnetom Skyra 3T MRI systems to
perform a routine prostate exam in just 10 minutes without using an
endorectal coil, which can cause patient discomfort.
 Siemens’ Direct RF and high-density coil technology Tim 4G – coupled
with its Resolve diffusion technology – deliver the signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) and resolution that enable users to perform these examinations
using only the company’s new Body 30/60 surface coil.

34. Application
advancement

35. Neuro imaging
 DWI /DTI
 PERFUSION IMAGING
 MR SPECTROSCOPY
 SUSCEPTIBILITY WEIGHTED IMAGING
 F- MRI
 MR NEUROGRAPHY
 INTRAOPERATIVE MRI
 CSF FLOW STUDY

36. Abdominal imaging
 MR ELASTOGRAPHY
 DWI in LIVER
 PERFUSION IMAGING in LIVER
 MR UROGRAPHY

37. Musculoskeletal imaging
 MR ARTHROGRAPHY
 CARTILAGE IMAGING
 ORTHOPAEDIC HARDWARE IMAGING

38. Bowel imaging
 Enterography /enteroclysis
 Defaecography