The document discusses human craniofacial development from conception through fetal stages. It covers the origin of the human embryo from fertilization, the formation of germ layers, development of branchial arches and clefts, and the differentiation of tissues and structures from the germ layers and arches in the lower, middle, and upper thirds of the face. Key topics include mesenchymal condensations that form the mandibular arch and maxillary processes, ossification centers of the maxilla, and cartilage contributions to mandibular growth.
Face develops in humans between 4th – 10th week of intrauterine life.
prenatal growth of the maxilla
DEVELOPMENT OF UPPER LIP
Development of lower lip
Development of nose
hare lip
OBLIQUE FACIAL CLEFT
macrostomia
lateral facial cleft
microstomia
Central face begins to develop by 4th week, when olfactory placodes appear on both sides of the frontonasal process.
Gradually both placodes develop to form the median and lateral nasal process.
Upper lip is formed by 6th week by fusion of two median nasal processes in midline and the maxilllary process of the 1st branchial arch.
PRE-NATAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PALATEFormation of primary and secondary palate
Elevation of palatal shelves
Fusion of palatal shelves
Face develops in humans between 4th – 10th week of intrauterine life.
prenatal growth of the maxilla
DEVELOPMENT OF UPPER LIP
Development of lower lip
Development of nose
hare lip
OBLIQUE FACIAL CLEFT
macrostomia
lateral facial cleft
microstomia
Central face begins to develop by 4th week, when olfactory placodes appear on both sides of the frontonasal process.
Gradually both placodes develop to form the median and lateral nasal process.
Upper lip is formed by 6th week by fusion of two median nasal processes in midline and the maxilllary process of the 1st branchial arch.
PRE-NATAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PALATEFormation of primary and secondary palate
Elevation of palatal shelves
Fusion of palatal shelves
I prepared this presentation during the first year of my MDS. This will give you a basic idea and necessary information about the pulp of the teeth and its histology. Hope you guys find it useful.
Amelogenesis is the formation of enamel. During amelogenesis, the ameloblast (enamel-forming cells) undergo various stages i.e the life cycle of ameloblast.
For more content check out my blog: www.rkharitha.wordpress.com "a little about everything dental"
THEORIES OF ERUPTION
ERUPTION SEQUENCE
PHYSIOLOGY OF TOOTH ERUPTION
CELLULAR BASIS
MOLECULAR BASIS
PRODUCTION OF OSTEOCLAST
ANOMOLIES OF TOOTH ERUPTION
It is a presentation in detail about the strongest structure of the oral cavity "ENAMEL". It is a simple topic but people find it difficult to learn about it. I hope my presentation is a simple method to learn about it. I would like to thank my professors for assign me this project and i learn't a lot from it and still learning my basics daily.
I prepared this presentation during the first year of my MDS. This will give you a basic idea and necessary information about the pulp of the teeth and its histology. Hope you guys find it useful.
Amelogenesis is the formation of enamel. During amelogenesis, the ameloblast (enamel-forming cells) undergo various stages i.e the life cycle of ameloblast.
For more content check out my blog: www.rkharitha.wordpress.com "a little about everything dental"
THEORIES OF ERUPTION
ERUPTION SEQUENCE
PHYSIOLOGY OF TOOTH ERUPTION
CELLULAR BASIS
MOLECULAR BASIS
PRODUCTION OF OSTEOCLAST
ANOMOLIES OF TOOTH ERUPTION
It is a presentation in detail about the strongest structure of the oral cavity "ENAMEL". It is a simple topic but people find it difficult to learn about it. I hope my presentation is a simple method to learn about it. I would like to thank my professors for assign me this project and i learn't a lot from it and still learning my basics daily.
Embryology is necessary to understand the growth of various anatomical structures pertinent to orthodontics and will help understand the anomalies associated with its maldevelopment.
IDEAL IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS
FACTORS RELATED TO THE RADIATION BEAM
FACTORS RELATED TO THE OBJECT
FACTORS RELATED TO THE TECHNIQUE
FACTORS RELATED TO RECORDING OF THE ROENTGEN IMAGE OF THE OBJECT
DARK/ LIGHT IMAGE IDEAL IMAGE
IDEAL QUALITY CRIETRIA
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
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- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
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Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
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1. BY Dr. D.V.S. REVATH VYAS
1ST MDS
DEVELOPMENT OF FACE AND JAWS
2. ORIGIN OF HUMAN EMBRYO
GERM LAYERS
BRANCHIAL ARCHES, CLEFTS AND
POUCHES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES
STAGES OF CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH
DEVELOPMENT OF LOWERTHIRD FACE
DEVELOPMENT OF MIDDLE THIRD FACE
DEVELOPMENT OF UPPER THIRD FACE
DEVELOPMENTAL ANAMOLIES.
OUTLINE OF MY PRESENTATION
3. “Development is a progress
towards maturity” –
Todd(1931)
“Development connotes a
maturational process involving
progressive differentiation at
the cellular and tissue levels” –
Enlow.
DEFINITION
4. Human prenatal development begins with process involving in
ovarian cycle and fertilization
Fertilization occurs in fallopian tube
Fertilized ovum undergoes cleavage to form series of divisions to
form blastocyte which further gives rise to tissues and organs.
ORIGIN OF HUMAN EMBRYO
5.
6.
7.
8. 10 lunar months
Three phases
First – GERMINAL PHASE -- from fertilization 2 weeks
largely cellular proliferation, migration and some differentiation
Second – EMBRYONIC PHASE – from 2nd week 2nd month
Largely the differentiation of all major internal and external organ
Morphogenesis
Very vulnerable stage
Third – FETAL STAGE – from 2nd month to birth
Largely a matter of growth and maturation
Prenatal development
9. FORMATION OF GERM LAYERS
At a very early stage the embryo proper acquire
to form 3 layered disc called as embryonic disc.
3 layers are ectoderm ,mesoderm and the
endoderm.
10. • Blastocyst increases in size by proliferation
• A blastocoel or blastocyst cavity forms between the inner cell mass and
the trophoblast
• Differentiation of the inner cell mass begins
• Results in the formation of a bilaminar embryonic disc comprised of two
cell layers
• Two layers are called an upper epiblast (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) and a
lower hypoblast (extraembryonic endoderm)
• Above this disk is an upper amniotic cavity and a lower yolk sac (primitive
hematopoietic organ for the embryo/fetus)
• Trophoblast also begins to differentiate to form a primitive placenta
• The embryo connects to the developing placenta through a stalk
11. • The bilaminar embryonic disk converts into a trilaminar Disk of ectoderm,
mesoderm, endoderm (gastrulation)
• Formation of the primitive streak within the embryonic Disc critical to this
formation
• Migration of epiblast cells through the primitive streak Towards the
hypoblast – eventually creates three tissue layers called the Germ layers
1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm
13. DEVELOPMENT OF NEURAL CREST
CELLS
•At the time of neural tube closure
a unique population of cells
separate from
• the crest fold they are called as
neural crest cells.
These have great migrating
capacity.
They are ectodermal in origin but
they also exhibit property of
mesenchymal tissue so they are
also called as ectomesenchymal
cells.
14. In the head and neck region the
cells give rise to facial process
,branchial arches and their
cartilages , bone cells, ganglia of
autonomic nervous system.
Also contribute to the formation
of embryonic connective tissue
of facial origin includes dental
structures like dentin cementum
and pulp.
DERIVATIVES OF NEURAL CREST
CELLS
15. FATE OF GERM LAYERS
Ectodermal cells will give rise to the nervous system; the epidermis
and its appendages (hair, nails, sebaceous and sweat glands); the
epithelium lining the oral cavity, nasal cavities and sinuses; a part
of the intraoral glands, and the enamel of the teeth.
Endodermal cells will form the epithelial lining of the
gastrointestinal tract and all associated organs.
The mesoderm will give rise to the muscles and all the structures
derived from the connective tissue(e.g., bone, cartilage, blood,
dentin, pulp, cementum and the periodontal ligament).
The embryonic disc will soon become altered by bends and folds
necessary for further development.
16. development of a head fold
is critical to the formation of the
primitive oral cavity
folding results in the formation of
the primitive oral cavity =
stomatodeum
separated from the developing and
expanding gut by a
buccopharyngeal membrane
(or oropharyngeal membrane)
17. BRANCHIAL ARCHES
• 1,2, 3 and 4 arch are well developed in humans.
•1and 2 extend into the midline.
•Mandibular arch is 1 st to develop located just below the
stomodium.
•Hyoid arch is 2 nd to develop.
The tissue bordering the stomodium gets elongated due
to the series of mesodermal thickenings in the wall of the
cranial most part of foregut called as branchial arches.
19. First arch(mandibular arch)
derivatives
Cartilage – meckel’s cartilage
Muscles – muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, tensor tympani,
tensor palatini, anterior belly of digastric, part of temporal bone
Bones – maxilla, mandible, malleus, palatine bone, part of
temporal bone
Nerve supply – mandibular nerve
Blood supply – maxillary artery
Ligment – sphenomandibular ligament (remenent)
20. Cartilage – reicherts cartilage
Muscles –stapedius, stylohyoid, muscles of facial expression,
platysma, auricular muscle, occipito frontalis, posterior belly of
digastric
Bones – smaller cornua and superior part of hyoid, styloid
process, stapes
Nerve supply – facial (seventh) nerve
Blood supply - stapedial artery
Ligment – stylohyoid ligament (remenent)
Second arch (hyoid arch)
derivatives
21. Muscles - stylopharyngeus
Bones – greater cornua of hyoid and inferior part of it
Nerve supply – glossopharyngeal (ix) nerve
Blood supply - right and left common carotids
Third arch derivatives
22. Muscles – all the Muscles of pharynx (except
stylopharyngeus), all the Muscles of soft palate
(except tensor palatini), cricothyroid
Nerve supply - Cranial nerve X (vagus), External
branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Blood supply -
Fourth arch derivatives
25. After the development of arches in the region of neck ,a series
of grooves are formed ,they are ectodermal clefts.
Clefts of 1 and 2 arches - external acoustic meatus
2 ,3,4 and 6th arch - cervical sinus
Cervical sinus gives swelling in the region of neck along the
anterior border of the sternocledomastoid musle forming
branchial cyst
Branchial cyst opening into surface forming branchial sinus.
Rarely opens into the lumen of pharynx in the tonsillar region.
Fate of ectodermal clefts.
26. 1st pouch
I. Ventral part obliterated to form tongue
II. Dorsal part of 1st and 2nd pouch together form diverticulum called as tubo-
tympanic recess
III. Distal part gives rise to auditary tube
2nd pouch
I. Ventral part - tonsil
II. Dorsal part -tubotympanic recess
3rd pouch - inferior parathyroid gland and thymus
4th pouch - superior parathyroid glands
5th pouch (ultimobranchial pouch)
Is seen for brief period during development
Incorporated with 4th pouch forming caudal pharyngeal complex
Fate of endodermal pouches
27.
28. CLINICAL COMMENT
• From the initial development each cranial arch has specific
cranial nerves associated with it.
• The nerve and musculature of each arch merge together
and follow defined pathway to their functional position.
• These events are closely regulated genetically during
development.
29. STAGES OF CRANIOFACIAL
DEVELOPMENT
• The prenatal craniofacial growth
develops in 3 stages.
• The period of ovum - fertilisation to 2weeks.
• The period of embryo - 2weeks to 8weeks.
• The period of foetus - 8weeks till birth.
30.
31. face and related structure begins to develop during 4
th week of iu life
During this time the rapidly growing brain of embryo
bulges over the oropharanangial membrane and
developing heart
Facial development depends on 5 process which surrounds
the primitive mouth .
They are
The frontonasal process.
Paired maxillary process
Paired mandibular process
`
32. The face is divided into
upper third
middle third
lower third
33. Growth of mandibular arch
Formation of lower soft tissues
Formation of lower hard tissues.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOWER THIRD OF
FACE
34. After formation of stomodeum 2 bulges appear
inferior to primitive mouth they are mandibular
process.
Consist of core of mesenchymal cells formed from
neural crest cells.
They migrates from facial region
Covered by ectoderm externally and endoderm
internally.
GROWTH OF MANDIBULAR ARCH
35. Development of body of mandible is continued ,bone
formation markedly increases the size of mandible with
development of alveolar process surrounding tooth germ.
36. Paired mandibular process fuse to form
mandibular arch .
Future mandibular arch give rise to lower
face ,lower lip and lower teeth.
Mesoderm of this arch gives rise to
1. Muscles of mastication
2. Palatal musles
3. Supra hyoid muscles
4. tongue
37. 5-6 th week muscle cell begin to differentiate and orient
towards their origin and insertion
7th week muscle cell enlarge and begins to
migrates ,gets differentiated into massetter
medial pterygoid ,lateral pterygoid and
temporalis..
10 th week muscle mass becomes well organised
bilaterally nerves from 5th cranial nerve are
incorporated early in these muscles.
38. Initially grows intramembranously but subsequent
growth is related to appearance of secondary
cartilage .
It is preceded by appearance of rod of cartilage called
as meckels cartilage.
It extends from cartilagenous otic capsule in the
region of developing ear to a midline symphysis.
GROWTH OF MANDIBLE
39. 1. Extends towards the midline lie in close relationship with
opposite side.
2. 2plates are separated by fibrous tissue to form
symphysis.
40. When tooth reaches bell stage ,bone comes closely related
to form alveolus.
Inner wall resorption occurs –indicated by howship lacunae
Outer wall bone deposites-indicated by osteoblast lining
osteoid.
Developing teeth lie in trough of bone.
Later teeth are separated by interdental septa with
development of root.
Interradicular bone develops in multirooted teeth.
41. Mapped out as condensation of fibrocellular tissue that is
continued developing along with body of mandible.
Further there is backward spread of ossification.
42. Appear on 10-14th week of iu.
They are Condylar cartilage
Coronoid cartilage and
Symphyseal cartilage.
43. Appear on 12th week iu
Rapidly forms cone shaped occupies most of the developing
ramus
Cartilage converted to bone by endocondrial ossification.
By 20th week iu only thin layer of cartilage remain in the
condylar head
Direction and amount of condylar growth is related to the
change in mandibular position.
44. Appears 4th month iu
Surrounds anterior border and top of coronoid process.
They are transitory growth cartilage.
symphyseal cartilage
2 in no
Appear as connective tissue at 2 ends of meckles cartilage.
Obliterates with in 1 year of life.
45. Gives rise to incus and malleus
Spine of spenoid.
sphenomandibular ligament
Anterior ligament of malleus.
46. Develops at 12 th week iu .
Develops intramembranously
Forms mesenchymal lining between developing mandibular
condyle below and temporal bone above.
Forming upper and lower joint cavities
Intervening mesenchyme becomes interarticular disc.
47. Joint capsule develops from condensation of mesenchyme
At birth mandibular fossa is flat
No articular eminence is seen
Becomes prominent only after eruption of deciduous
dentition.
48. During 4th week of iu frontonasal process forms as bulging
of tissue in the upper facial area at most cephalic end of the
embryo.
It gives rise to fore head bridge of nose primary palate nasal
septum.
49. They are rounded areas of specialised thickened ectoderm
on the outer surface of the embryo
Found at developing sense organ
2lens placode –on eiter side forming future eye
2otic placode –on eiter side forming future inner ear
2 nasal placodes on anterior portion of frontonasal process
forming olfactory cells.
50.
51. At 4th week iu
Placode gets submerged forming depression called
as nasal pits
Deepening of pits produces nasal sac
Grows internally towards brain
Oronasal membrane separates nasal and
stomodeum
Its disintegration brings nasal and oral cavities in
communication in the primary conchae posterior to
primary palate
At the same time superior middle and inferior
conchae also develop.
52. Middle portion of tissue forms medial nasal process
Fuse to form middle portion of nose root to apex
Center portion of upper lip and philtrum
Internal portion medial nasal process grows inferiorly
forming intermaxillary segment and premaxillary segment
Involved in the formation of upper incisors primary palate
and nasal septum
53. Outer portion of nasal pit are lateral nasal process ,give rise
to ala and side of nose.
Fusion of lateral nasal and medial nasal and maxillary
process give rise to nares and nostrils.
54. AT 4TH WEEK IU adjacent swelling forms from increased
growth of mandibular arch
Grows superiorly and anteriorly on each side of stomodeum
Maxillary process give rise to upper lip ,cheeks ,secondary
palate posterior portion of maxilla ,maxillary canines and
posterior teeth zygomatic bone and part of temporal bone.
55. Develops from connective tissue around the oral
cavity of embryo.
Appears during 2nd month of iu.
Formed from the centers which are not preceeded by
cartilage.
Development of maxilla
56. 5 centers are
External/malar - forms bone outside the infra orbital
canal and zygomatic process
Inner/orbitonasal - forms inner part of the floor of the
orbit the frontal process and wall of the antrum.
Palatine center - forms posterior3/4th of palate .
57. Nasal center – situated between frontal process and
canine tooth .
Incisive center – added to form premaxilla which
forms front part of alveolus which carries incisor
teeth .
By 10th week bone consist of 2 portion ,maxilla proper
and premaxilla.
58.
59.
60.
61. The term palate refers to tissue interposed between oral
cavity and nasal cavity
Develops from 1medial palatine process
2lateral palatine process
Formed from 2 different embryonic structures.
Primary palate and secondary palate.
Hard and soft tissue of palate are formed between 5th -12th
week
62. 1. Formation of primary palate
2. Formation of secondary palate
3. Completion of palate
63.
64. Formation of intermaxillary segment
Arised as a result of fusion of 2 medial nasal processes
IMS Is a wedge shaped mass,extends deep into nasal pits on
stomodeum , develops into floor of nasal septum
IMS gives rise to primary palate
Serves as partial separation between nasal and oral cavities
65. IMS gives rise to
I. Premaxillary portion of maxilla
II. Anterior 1/3rd of final and definate palate
III. Small portion of hard palate anterior to incisive foramen
66. 6th week iu bilateral maxillary process gives rise to 2 palatal
shelves /lateral palatine processes
Grows inferiorly deep inside the stomodeum in a vertical
direction on both sides of developing tongue.
Unknown shelf elevating force shifts direction of palatal
shelves from vertical to superior direction .Thus shelves
move horizontally.
67.
68. 2 palatal sheves elongates move towards each other to
form secondary palate.
Secondary palate gives rise to
I. Posterior 2/3rd of hard palate maxillary canines and posterior
teeth
II.Soft palate and uvula
69. Secondary palate meets posterior portion of primary palate
Fuse to form hard and soft palate
70. Starts rapidly during 8th week
Primary center is near infraorbital foramen
Posterior of hard palate ossifies from single ossification
center of palatine bone
Completes at 12th week iu
In posterior most region ossification does not occur forming
soft palate
Mesenchyme from 1 n 2nd branchial arches migrate to form
palatal muscles.
71.
72.
73. A small paired nasopalatine canal persist near median plane
of mature hard palate at the site of junction of primary and
secondary palate this canal is represented by incisive
foramen in mature palate
76. paranasal sinuses
some develop during late fetal life
frontal and sphenoid not present at birth
at 2 years the two most anterior ethmoid sinuses grow into the frontal
bone – visible on X-rays by age 7
two most posterior ethmoid sinuses grow into the sphenoid bone
sinuses are important in the size and shape of the face during infancy and
the resonance of the voice
the rest develop after birth
form as outgrowths of the wall of the nasal cavity
become air-filled extensions in the adjacent bones
the original openings of these outgrowths persist as the
orifices of the adult sinuses
Development of Sinuses and
Nasal cavity
77. Nasal cavity lined with a respiratory mucosa like the rest of the respiratory system
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia
Interspersed are goblet cells which rest on the basement membrane
Very vascular lamina propria – warms the air
Roof of the nasal cavity is a specialized area that contains the olfactory epithelium
On the medial wall are the three nasal conchae
Paranasal sinuses
Frontal, sphenoid, maxillary and ethmoid sinuses
Provide mucus for the nasal cavity
Respiratory mucosa of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
But is thinner than the nasal mucosa – also has fewer goblet cells
No erectile tissue
Nasal and Paranasal tissues