The document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood. It describes the key stages including the pre-dental stage from birth to 6 months, the deciduous dentition stage from 6 months to 6 years, the mixed dentition stage from 6-12 years, and the permanent dentition stage. It provides details on tooth calcification, eruption patterns, types of occlusion, and how occlusion changes with development.
Occlusion is defined as the contact relationship of the teeth in function or parafunction.
Malocclusion is defined as the misalignment of teeth and jaws, or more simply, a "bad bite". Malocclusion can cause a number of health and dental problems.
Occlusion is defined as the contact relationship of the teeth in function or parafunction.
Malocclusion is defined as the misalignment of teeth and jaws, or more simply, a "bad bite". Malocclusion can cause a number of health and dental problems.
Prosthodontics seminar 3rd stage University of Anbar College Of Dentistry
Created By Mohammed Amer Hekma
Supervised by: Dr Osama Abdul Rasool Hammoodi
References
• FUNDAMENTALS OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTIC DESIGN by Kenneth R. McHenry, D.D.S., M.S and Terrence McLean, D.D.S.
• Stewart's Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Fourth Edition by Rodney D Phoenix, D.D.S, M.S, David R Cagna, D.M.D, M.S and Charles F DeFreest, D.D.S
• McCRACKEN’S REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTICS, TWELFTH EDITION BY Alan B. Carr, D.M.D, M.S, and David T. Brown, DDS, MS
The active supervision of the developing dentition is a responsibility of the pedodontist. Seeing things from the beginning is most advantageous. By making a detailed study of dentition from initiation through eruption till functional occlusion, we may be able to obtain a clear concept of how occlusion develops and how its development can be guided. Knowledge of the normal development of the dentition and an ability to detect deviation from the normal are essential pre-requisites for pedodontic diagnosis and a treatment plan.
Terminology in Orthodontics
Copyright by Department of Orthodontics
University of Dental Medicine, Yangon
Feel free to request to take it down this slide if you are copyright owner.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Prosthodontics seminar 3rd stage University of Anbar College Of Dentistry
Created By Mohammed Amer Hekma
Supervised by: Dr Osama Abdul Rasool Hammoodi
References
• FUNDAMENTALS OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTIC DESIGN by Kenneth R. McHenry, D.D.S., M.S and Terrence McLean, D.D.S.
• Stewart's Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Fourth Edition by Rodney D Phoenix, D.D.S, M.S, David R Cagna, D.M.D, M.S and Charles F DeFreest, D.D.S
• McCRACKEN’S REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTICS, TWELFTH EDITION BY Alan B. Carr, D.M.D, M.S, and David T. Brown, DDS, MS
The active supervision of the developing dentition is a responsibility of the pedodontist. Seeing things from the beginning is most advantageous. By making a detailed study of dentition from initiation through eruption till functional occlusion, we may be able to obtain a clear concept of how occlusion develops and how its development can be guided. Knowledge of the normal development of the dentition and an ability to detect deviation from the normal are essential pre-requisites for pedodontic diagnosis and a treatment plan.
Terminology in Orthodontics
Copyright by Department of Orthodontics
University of Dental Medicine, Yangon
Feel free to request to take it down this slide if you are copyright owner.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
DEVELOPMENT OF OCCLUSION IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRYChsaiteja3
HELLO VISITERS, IAM SAITEJA , BDS 3RD YEAR STUDENT FROM MNR DENTAL COLLEGE , SANGAREDDY. I AND MY BATCH HAS DEVELOPED A PPT ON DEVELOPMENT OF OCCLUSION IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY. PLEASE GO THROUGH THE PPT. EVERY TOPIC IS CLEARLY EXPLAINED IN THIS PPT ALONG WITH DIAGRAMS.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Development of dentition. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Differences between primary and permanent teeth and importanceKarishma Sirimulla
This is a small brief presentation and contains basic differences between primary and permanent dentition an also an added note on importance of young permanent molar and its management clinically
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
2. Introduction
• Salzmann & Gregory defined occlusion as:
“The changing interrelationship of the opposing
surfaces of the maxillary & mandibular teeth
which occur during movements of the
mandible & terminal full contact of the maxilla
& mandibular arches.”
• According to Angle: “Occlusion is the normal
relation of the occlusal inclined planes of the
teeth when jaws are closed”.
3. • Occlusion is the sum total of many factors
such as:
– Genetic
– Environmental
– Muscle pressure
– Changes with:
• Development
• Maturity
• Aging.
4. Periods of tooth development
Pre-dental Stage
(0-6months)
Deciduous
dentition (6
months-6 years)
Mixed dentition
(6-12 years)
Permanent
dentition
5.
6. Pre-dentate stage
•Pre dentate stage refers to the
period from birth to the
eruption of first deciduous tooth
in the oral cavity.
•Ideally ranges from birth to 6
months but a delay in eruption
of first deciduous teeth by 4-10
months is considered normal.
7. • Aka neonate’s mouth or gum pad stage.
• The alveolar arches at the time of birth
are called gum pads.
• The form of arches is determined in the
intra-uterine life.
• Leighton has outlined the various factors
that determine the size of gum pads as
follows:
– The state of maturity of infant at birth.
– The size at birth as expressed by birth weight.
– Size of developing primary teeth.
– Genetic factor
8. • Maxillary gum pad is
horse shoe shaped &
the gum pads extend
labially & buccaly
beyond those in the
mandible.
• They develop in 2
parts:
– Labio-buccal
(differentiates former to
the lingual)
– Lingual.
• Mandibular gum pads
U-shaped and are
anteriorly everted.
9. Maxillary gum pad
Gingival groove-
Separates gum pads from palate.
Dental groove-
Extends from the incisive
papilla, backwards to touch
the gingival groove in the
canine region & continues
forward in the molar region.
Transverse grooves-
Depressions between the 10
segments of the gum pads.
Lateral sulcus-
Transverse groove between the
canine & molar sac region.
10. Mandibular gum pad
• Like the upper
arch, there are 10
segments but are less
demarcated.
• The gingival groove
demarcates the lingual
extent.
• The dental groove runs
backwards, and laterally
in the canine region.
11. Relation of gum pads
At rest:
• An anterior open bite is present.
• Contact at the molar area only.
• Tongue is interposed between the
space.
• Maxillary gum pads is wider than
mandibular & there is total
overlapping of maxillary gum pad.
It lies in a class II type
relation, where the upper gum
pad is forwardly placed. This is a
transient &self correcting.
• The gum pads grow rapidly during
the 1st year of life & the growth is
more in the transverse direction.
• Length increases, mostly in the
posterior direction.
14. Studied under
Development of primary Development of primary teeth
teeth occlusion
Calcification Eruption
Terminal Relation of
Type of
Spaces plane anterior
dentition
relations teeth
15. Development of deciduous teeth
Calcification:
• The factors that control primary teeth’s calcification
include:
– Genetic factors.
– Sexual dimorphism (calcification begins earlier in females and
hence the eruption is earlier).
16. • Eruption starts when root formation of primary teeth begin.
• A>B>D>C>E.
17. Types of primary dentition
Open type:
• Primary teeth with
spaces.
Closed type:
• Primary teeth without
spaces due to larger
teeth of small arch
length.
19. Development of primary occlusion
• Inter-dental Spacing.
• Physiologic spacing:
– This is present due to antero-posterior growth of jaws.
– In maxilla it is 4 mm & in mandible it is 3mm.
– It is preferable since the chances of crowding in the
succedenous dentition is minimal.
• Primate space:
– Aka Simian/Anthropoid space (also seen in monkeys).
– Present between:
• Lateral incisor & canine in the maxilla
• Canine & first molar in the mandible
21. • By 21/2 years of age, deciduous dentition is usually complete
& in function. And by 3 years of age the roots of all the
deciduous teeth are complete.
• The crowns of permanent first molars are fully developed &
the roots are starting to form.
• The crypts of the 2nd molar are now definite and occupy the
space formerly occupied by the 1st molar.
• By 3rd-6th year of age the development of the permanent
teeth continues, with the incisors most advanced.
• From 5-6 years, just before shedding of the deciduous
incisors, there are more teeth in the jaws than any other
time.
• Developing permanent teeth shift closer to the alveolar
border. Very little bone remains b/w permanent teeth &
there crypts and the front line of the deciduous teeth.
22.
23. Features
• Deep bite: when the primary incisors erupt, the
overbite is deep. This might be due to vertical
inclination of the incisors. This is gradually
corrected by:
– Eruption of primary 1st molars.
– Rapid attrition of incisors.
• Overjet: initially it is more in primary dentition.
By movement of whole arch, the overjet
decreases gradually. Generally it is 1-2 mm for
primary dentition.
27. The concept of bite opener
• According to Schwarz; there are 3 periods of
physiologic raising of the bite, with the
eruption of:
– 1st permanent molar @ 6 years
– 2nd permanent molars @ 12 years
– 3rd permanent molar @18.
28. 6-7 years
Eruption of first permanent molars:
• The 1st molars erupt, the pad of tissue
overlying them creates a premature contact.
• Propioceptive responses conditions the child
against biting on the natural “bite opener”, &
thus the deciduous teeth anterior to the 1st
permanent molar erupt, reducing the
overbite.
• The upper and the lower molars show
different paths of eruption.
– Maxillary: buccal and distal
– Mandibular: lingual and mesial.
29.
30. Early mesial shift
• In children with open primary dentition, the mandibular 1st
molars close the primate space distal to canine.
• Thereby, the flush terminal plain gets converted into a mesial
step.
• This allows the permanent maxillary first molars to erupt
into class 1 molar relationship.
• This is called “early mesial shift”.
31. Eruption of Incisors &Incisor liability
• The size of the permanent incisors is greater than there
deciduous counterparts, hence they need more space for
proper alignment. This difference in the space required and
available is known as incisor liability. (Described by Warren
Mayne, in 1969).
• Incisor liability for
– Maxilla is 7.6mm
– Mandible is 6mm.
• How is the space discrepancy is compensated?
• It is compensated by:
– Increased inter-canine distance (3-4mm)
– Inter-dental spacing.
– Labial eruption of the incisors.
32.
33. 8 to 9 years-The “Ugly duckling” stage
• About this time, the deciduous central incisors
are lost & their permanent successors start their
eruptive path toward contact with the incisors of
the opposing arch.
• Usually the mandibular central incisors erupt
first.
• They erupt lingual to there deciduous
counterparts.
• Around the age of 8 yrs a physiologic midline
diastema is commonly seen in the upper arch. It
is also known as Broadbent’s phenomena.
34.
35.
36. 9-10 years
• The apices of the deciduous
canines & molars begin to
resorb.
• At this time in the
mandible, the combined width
of deciduous- cuspid, 1st & 2nd
molar is approximately 1.7
mm. And in maxillary it
averages to 0.9 mm.
• This differential for each of the
arches in the buccal segment
id known as “Leeway space”
(as described by Nance).
M-D width of:
C+D+E> 3+4+5
Leeway space = (C+D+E )-(3+4+5)
37. • It is this temporary increase in the arch length, often
prevents the inter-digitation of the permanent 1st
molars.
• They maintain an end to end relation until the 1st & 2nd
primary molars are lost.
• The flush terminal plane is eliminated & the correct
cusp & fossa inter-digitation occurs only after the
exchange of deciduous molars & canines for there
succedenous counterparts.
• The late mesial drift of the lower molars takes up the
greater leeway space that is present in the lower arch.
• If there is a distal step instead of flush terminal then a
developing Class II malocclusion is likely.
• A mesial step, may mean a developing Class III
malocclusion.
38.
39. 10 to 12 years
• This stage involves replacement of primary
canines & molars by permanent canines and
premolars.
• In maxilla first bicuspid erupts before canine. The
canine and second premolar erupt at almost
same time.
• There is decrease in arch length, in both the
arches, as the first molars shift mesially which
enable the establishment of full cusp Class I
relationship from flush terminal. This is known as
the “Late mesial shift” of molars.
40.
41. • Eruption of 2nd molar teeth occurs shortly
after the appearance of the 2nd bicuspid.
• The gingival pads overlying the 2nd molar
contact prematurely again, blocking open the
bite anteriorly, allowing the eruption of teeth
anterior to the 2nd molars. (This is the 2nd bite
opener as stated by Schwarz).
• The reduction in the overbite is minimal and
variable.
42.
43. Permanent dentition
Teeth Maxillary (years) Mandibular (years)
First molar 6-7 6-7
Central incisor 7-8 6-7
Lateral incisor 8-9 7-8
Canine 11-12 9-10
First bicuspid 10-11 10-12
Second bicuspid 10-12 11-12
Second molar 12-13 11-13
Third molar 17-21 17-21
44.
45. Features:
1. Overlap- in Class I occluding dentition, the
maxillary teeth are labial or buccal to the
mandibular teeth.
2. Angulation- bucco-lingual & mesio-distal.
3. Occlusion- with the exception of central incisors
and third molars, each tooth occludes with 2
teeth.
4. Arch curvature-
a) Antero-posterior curvature of the mandible= Curve
of Spee.
47. b) Corresponding curve in the maxillary arch is
called compensating curve.
c) Bucco-lingual curve from one side to the other is
called Monson’s curve.
5. Overbite: the normal overbite expressed in
terms of % in adult dentition is 10-30%.
6. Molar relationship: class I mesio-buccal cusp of
maxillary 1st molar occludes on the mesio-buccal
grove of the permanent mandibular 1st molar.
7. Dimensional changes:
a) Basal arch-this corresponds to the basal bone of
maxilla & mandible.
b) Alveolar arch-joins the tooth to the basal arch.
c) Dental arch-joins the combined mesio-distal widths
of the teeth.
48.
49. 8. During the growth the dimensional values of
basal & alveolar arches change but the dental
arch remains constant.
9. There is reduction in arch circumference with
aging & it is more pronounced in mandible.
50.
51. Bibliography
• Graber’s Textbook of orthodontics.
• Textbook of cranio-facial growth by Sridhar Premkumar.
• Evaluation, diagnosis & treatment of occlusal problems by
Peter E Dawson.
• Wheeler’s dental anatomy, physiology & occlusion (8th
Edition).
• Pediatric dentistry-Clinical approach by Goran Koch.
• www.google.co.in
• www.slideshare.com
• www.authorstream.com
• www.docstock.com