This document discusses anchorage in orthodontics. It defines anchorage as resistance to unwanted tooth movement. Sources of anchorage include intraoral teeth and bone, as well as extraoral structures like the occipital and cervical bones. The value of a tooth as an anchorage unit depends on factors like the number of roots, root size and length, periodontal support, root form, and tooth inclination. Anchorage can be classified based on site, jaw involved, number of units, and manner of force application. Reinforcing anchorage involves adding teeth to the anchorage unit, moving teeth gradually, using light forces, and employing devices like lingual arches, TADs, and extraoral appliances. Anch

1. Mohanad Elsherif
‫الرحيم‬‫الرحمن‬‫هللا‬‫بسم‬
Ibn Sina University
Faculty of Dentistry
Department of Orthodontics
Anchorage
BDS (U of K), MFD RCSI, MFDS RCPS(Glasg), MSc (Orthodontics), M.Orth. RCSEd

2. Definition
 Resistance to unwanted tooth
movement.
Profitt 1993

3. Source of anchorage
a) Intra oral:
 Teeth.
 Alveolar bone.
 Basal bone.

4. Source of anchorage
b) Extra oral
 Occipital bone.
 Cervical bone.
 Facial bones.

5. Extraoral anchorage

6. Extraoral anchorage

7. Anchorage value of a tooth
1. The number of roots.
2. The size and length of the root.
3. The periodontal support of the tooth.
4. The form of the root.
5. The inclination of the tooth.

8. Classification of anchorage
1. According to the site:
 Intraoral.
 Extraoral.
 Muscular.

9. Classification of anchorage
2. According to the jaw
involved:
a. Intramaxillary:
All the anchor units exist in
the same jaw of the teeth to be
moved.

10. Classification of anchorage
1. According to the jaw
involved:
b. Intermaxillary:
The anchor units also
exist in the opposite jaw of
the teeth to be moved.

11. Classification of anchorage
3. According to the number of anchorage unit:
a. Single or primary:
Single tooth with greater alveolar support is used to move a
tooth with lesser alveolar support.
b. Compound:
Multiple teeth are used.
c. Multiple or reinforced:
More than one type of anchorage is used e.g. more teeth
with intermaxillary and extraoral anchorage.

12. Classification of anchorage
4. According to the manner of force applications:
 Simple.
 Reciprocal.
 Stationary.

13. Classification of anchorage
4. According to the manner of force applications:
a. Simple:
 The resistance of anchor unit- which has greater alveolar
support- to tipping/bodily movement is used to cause
tipping/bodily movement of the intended teeth which have lesser
alveolar support.
 i.e. similar movements but the anchor unit has a greater alveolar
support.

14. Classification of anchorage
OR

15. Classification of anchorage
4. According to the manner of force applications:
b. Reciprocal:
 The resistance of anchor unit to tipping or bodily movement is
used to cause tipping or bodily movement of the intended teeth,
both unit have the same alveolar support.
 Here the two units have the same strength so they move the
same distance.

16. Classification of anchorage
OR

17. Reciprocal anchorage
Arch expansion Cross elastics

18. Classification of anchorage
4. According to the manner of force applications:
c. Stationary:
 The resistance of the anchor unit to bodily movement is used
against tipping movement of the teeth to be moved.
 i.e. different movements but the movement of the anchor unit is
more difficult. The alveolar support is irrelevant.

19. Classification of anchorage

20. Type of anchorage?
Stationary
anchorage

21. Factors affecting anchorage
1. The size and number of teeth being moved.
2. Types of tooth movement.
2. Duration of tooth movement.
3. The space between the teeth.
4. Tendency for tooth movement in the arch.
5. The facial height.

22. Anchorage loss
 Anchorage loss is the unintentional movement of
the anchor units instead of the teeth which was
intended to be moved.
 It is very important to plan for your anchorage in
order to avoid unwanted anchorage loss.
 Anchorage burn??.

23. Anchorage planning
 Absolute anchorage:
Zero anchorage loss.
 Maximum anchorage:
1/3 of the space available is utilized by the anchor
unit.
 Moderate anchorage:
Up to ½ of the space.
 Minimum anchorage:
2/3 of the space.

24. How to reinforce your
anchorage?
 Add more teeth to anchorage unit.
 Decrease the teeth in the moving unit (i.e.
move one tooth at a time).
 Use light force.

25. How to reinforce your
anchorage?
 Use intermaxillary anchorage.

26. Trans-palatal arch Lingual arch
 Use lingual
arch,
Transpalatal
arch and
Nance button.
Nance ButtonHow to
reinforce your
anchorage?

27. How to reinforce your
anchorage?
 Use extraoral appliance.

28. Temporary anchorage devices
(TAD)
a. Miniscrew

29. Temporary anchorage devices
(TAD)
B. Miniplates

30. Anchorage Reinforcement
 Add more teeth to anchorage unit.
 Decrease the teeth in the moving unit (i.e. move one tooth
at a time).
 Use light force.
 Use intermaxillary anchorage.
 Use lingual arch, Transpalatal arch and Nance bottom.
 Use extraoral appliance.
 Use Temporary anchorage devices (TADs).

31. Declaration
 The author wish to declare that; these presentations are his original work, all
materials and pictures collection, typing and slide design has been done by the
author.
 Most of these materials has been done for undergraduate students, although
postgraduate students may find some useful basic and advanced information.
 The universities title at the front page indicate where the lecture was first
presented. The author was working as a lecturer of orthodontics at Ibn Sina
University, Sudan International University, and as a Master student in Orthodontics at
University of Khartoum.
 The author declare that all materials and photos in these presentations has been
collected from different textbooks, papers and online websites. These pictures are
presented here for education and demonstration purposes only. The author are not
attempting to plagiarize or reproduced unauthorized material, and the intellectual
properties of these photos belong to their original authors.

32. Declaration
 As the authors reviews several textbooks, papers and other references during
preparation of these materials, it was impossible to cite every textbook and journal
article, the main textbooks that has been reviewed during preparation of these
presentations were:
Contemporary Orthodontics 5th edition; Proffit, William R, Henry W. Fields, and
David M. Sarver.
Handbook of Orthodontics. 1st edition; Cobourne, Martyn T, and Andrew T. DiBiase.
 Clinical cases in orthodontics. Martyn T. Cobourne, Padhraig S. Fleming, Andrew T.
DiBiase, Sofia Ahmad
Essentials of orthodontics: Diagnosis and Treatment; Robert N. Staley, Neil T. Reske
Orthodontics: Current Principles & Techniques 5th edition; Graber, Lee W, Robert L.
Vanarsdall, and Katherine W. L. Vig
Orthodontics: The Art and Science. 3rd Edition. Bhalajhi, S.I.

33. Declaration
 For the purposes of dissemination and sharing of knowledge, these
lectures were given to several colleagues and students. It were also
uploaded to SlideShare website by the author. Colleagues and students
may download, use, and modify these materials as they see fit for non-
profit purposes. The author retain the copyright of the original work.
 The author wish to thank his family, teachers, colleagues and students
for their love and support throughout his career. I also wish to express
my sincere gratitude to all orthodontic pillars for their tremendous
contribution to our specialty.
 Finally, the author welcome any advices and enquires through his
email address: Mohanad-07@hotmail.com

34. Thank You