This document analyzes the benefits of fiber optic networks for defense applications. It discusses how fiber optic technology provides secure, high-bandwidth communication over long distances with immunity to electromagnetic interference. The document summarizes several military uses of fiber optics, including in weapon guidance systems, sensors, surveillance systems, optical computing, and onboard vehicles. Fiber optic networks are presented as beneficial for applications like communications, targeting, damage control, navigation, and more due to attributes like lightweight cables, electromagnetic neutrality, and ability to transmit data over long ranges.
FSO (Free Space Optics) uses visible light or infrared lasers to transmit data through the air, providing broadband communications. It works similar to fiber but without the physical infrastructure, transmitting focused beams of light between optical transceivers. While challenges include atmospheric effects like fog, it has applications for last mile access and enterprise connectivity due to low costs, ease of deployment, and flexibility.
Advanced: True Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC) with 5G3G4G
A presentation/video looking at how true fixed-mobile convergence will be achieved in 5G. The main motivation for this tutorial is the fact that 5G is designed to enable access-neutral service availability. What this means is that 5G services in future will be available seamlessly not just over 5G NR but also over Wi-Fi and Wireless access networks.
The tutorial discusses:
• Untrusted non-3GPP access networks;
• Trusted non-3GPP access networks (TNAN);
• Wireline access networks;
• Non-5G-Capable over WLAN (N5CW);
• Access Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting (ATSSS)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free space optical communication(final)kanusinghal3
This document provides an overview of free space optical communication (FSO). It discusses the motivation for using FSO due to increasing bandwidth needs and spectrum scarcity. FSO uses visible or infrared light to transmit broadband communications in a line-of-sight fashion. The document outlines key challenges of FSO including attenuation from environmental factors like fog and scattering. It also reviews the advantages of low cost and high security as well as disadvantages such as sensitivity to obstructions. The document concludes that FSO is a promising supplemental technology to wireless and fiber for short-range applications.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM uses a large number of narrow sub-carriers for multi-carrier transmission to overcome the effect of multi path fading problem. LTE uses OFDM for the downlink, from base station to terminal to transmit the data over many narrow band careers of 180 KHz each instead of spreading one signal over the complete 5MHz career bandwidth. OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for very wide carriers with high peak rates.
The primary advantage of OFDM over single-carrier schemes is its ability to cope with severe channel conditions. Channel equalization is simplified. The low symbol rate makes the use of a guard interval between symbols affordable, making it possible to eliminate inter symbol interference (ISI).
6G networking and connectivity promises significant improvements over 5G through innovative architectures and technologies. 6G aims to enable near-instant, unlimited wireless connectivity to support novel applications like telepresence, autonomous vehicles, and bio-IoT. It envisions integrating space, air, and maritime communications with terrestrial networks. 6G is expected to expand spectrum usage to low THz and visible light bands and employ technologies like nanonetworking, bionetworking, optical networking, and 3D networking. Major research challenges for 6G include developing low-power circuits for new spectrum ranges, seamless integration of multiple technologies, and addressing security and privacy issues in distributed networks.
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
The new 5G unified air interface is being designed to not only vastly enhance mobile broadband performance and efficiency, but also scale to connect the massive Internet of Things and enable new types of services such as mission critical control that require ultra-low latency and new levels of reliability and security. The new design will unify diverse spectrum types and bands, scale from macro deployments to local hotspots and efficiently multiplex the envisioned 5G services across an extreme variation of requirements.
For more information on 5G technologies, use cases and timelines, please visit us at www.qualcomm.com/5G.
Radar uses radio waves to detect and study distant targets. It works by transmitting radio pulses toward a target and measuring the time it takes for the echo signal to return. This round-trip time is used to calculate the target's range. Different radar frequencies are used for various applications such as air traffic control, weather monitoring, and mapping. Radar can also provide information about target attributes like size, speed, and features through analysis of the reflected radio signals.
FSO (Free Space Optics) uses visible light or infrared lasers to transmit data through the air, providing broadband communications. It works similar to fiber but without the physical infrastructure, transmitting focused beams of light between optical transceivers. While challenges include atmospheric effects like fog, it has applications for last mile access and enterprise connectivity due to low costs, ease of deployment, and flexibility.
Advanced: True Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC) with 5G3G4G
A presentation/video looking at how true fixed-mobile convergence will be achieved in 5G. The main motivation for this tutorial is the fact that 5G is designed to enable access-neutral service availability. What this means is that 5G services in future will be available seamlessly not just over 5G NR but also over Wi-Fi and Wireless access networks.
The tutorial discusses:
• Untrusted non-3GPP access networks;
• Trusted non-3GPP access networks (TNAN);
• Wireline access networks;
• Non-5G-Capable over WLAN (N5CW);
• Access Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting (ATSSS)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free space optical communication(final)kanusinghal3
This document provides an overview of free space optical communication (FSO). It discusses the motivation for using FSO due to increasing bandwidth needs and spectrum scarcity. FSO uses visible or infrared light to transmit broadband communications in a line-of-sight fashion. The document outlines key challenges of FSO including attenuation from environmental factors like fog and scattering. It also reviews the advantages of low cost and high security as well as disadvantages such as sensitivity to obstructions. The document concludes that FSO is a promising supplemental technology to wireless and fiber for short-range applications.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM uses a large number of narrow sub-carriers for multi-carrier transmission to overcome the effect of multi path fading problem. LTE uses OFDM for the downlink, from base station to terminal to transmit the data over many narrow band careers of 180 KHz each instead of spreading one signal over the complete 5MHz career bandwidth. OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for very wide carriers with high peak rates.
The primary advantage of OFDM over single-carrier schemes is its ability to cope with severe channel conditions. Channel equalization is simplified. The low symbol rate makes the use of a guard interval between symbols affordable, making it possible to eliminate inter symbol interference (ISI).
6G networking and connectivity promises significant improvements over 5G through innovative architectures and technologies. 6G aims to enable near-instant, unlimited wireless connectivity to support novel applications like telepresence, autonomous vehicles, and bio-IoT. It envisions integrating space, air, and maritime communications with terrestrial networks. 6G is expected to expand spectrum usage to low THz and visible light bands and employ technologies like nanonetworking, bionetworking, optical networking, and 3D networking. Major research challenges for 6G include developing low-power circuits for new spectrum ranges, seamless integration of multiple technologies, and addressing security and privacy issues in distributed networks.
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
The new 5G unified air interface is being designed to not only vastly enhance mobile broadband performance and efficiency, but also scale to connect the massive Internet of Things and enable new types of services such as mission critical control that require ultra-low latency and new levels of reliability and security. The new design will unify diverse spectrum types and bands, scale from macro deployments to local hotspots and efficiently multiplex the envisioned 5G services across an extreme variation of requirements.
For more information on 5G technologies, use cases and timelines, please visit us at www.qualcomm.com/5G.
Radar uses radio waves to detect and study distant targets. It works by transmitting radio pulses toward a target and measuring the time it takes for the echo signal to return. This round-trip time is used to calculate the target's range. Different radar frequencies are used for various applications such as air traffic control, weather monitoring, and mapping. Radar can also provide information about target attributes like size, speed, and features through analysis of the reflected radio signals.
The document discusses optical wireless communication and free space optics. It provides an introduction to free space optics concepts, how free space optic systems work, their applications, advantages, components like transmitters and receivers, and compares LED and laser diode light sources. It also discusses propagation concepts, link budget calculations and considerations for signal propagation and data security in free space optic systems.
An Optical Transport Network (OTN) uses optical fiber links to connect network elements and provide transport, multiplexing, routing, management and protection of client signals. OTN applies these functions from SDH/SONET to DWDM networks, and offers stronger error correction, more monitoring levels and transparent transport of client signals compared to SDH/SONET. This document describes OTN architecture, interfaces and standards, the optical transport hierarchy of multiplexing ODUk, OPUk and OTUk signals, and the containment and frame rates of these signals.
This document provides an introduction to GSM networks and their history. It discusses [1] the origins and evolution of cellular networks prior to GSM, [2] the formation of GSM in 1982 to develop a pan-European cellular standard, and [3] the key phases and advances of GSM technology over time, including digital voice services, SMS, and mobile data. The document also outlines some of the main advantages of GSM networks, including international roaming, security, voice quality, and their use of a single global standard.
An overview of 5G NR key technical features and enhancements for massive MIMO, mmWave, etc.
Presented by Yinan Qi, Samsung Electronics R&D Institute UK at Cambridge Wireless event Radio technology for 5G – making it work
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
Dispersion Compensation Techniques for Optical Fiber CommunicationAmit Raikar
This document discusses dispersion in optical fiber communication systems and various techniques to compensate for it, including dispersion compensating fibers, fiber Bragg gratings, electronic dispersion compensation, digital filters, and optical phase conjugation. Dispersion increases pulse spreading and affects signal quality. These techniques help reduce dispersion to improve transmission over long distances. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the fundamental principles of Photonic Crystal Fibers. The material will be useful for KTU final year students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Satellite Communication for IoT Networks – Emerging TrendsNetscribes
The satellite IoT industry is undergoing a transformation with the emergence of NewSpace and the rising demand for global IoT connectivity. Exploration of innovative satellite solutions, adoption of robust and dynamic business models, and a growing shift in investments and research from public to private organizations are fast emerging as the key trends in the satellite IoT ecosystem.
Demand of IoT end-device connectivity is driving the need for innovative communication techniques. In addition to the terrestrial infrastructure, satellite communication appears set to play a key role in supporting IoT applications in diverse areas, including mining locations, deep sea, and remote sites where cellular connectivity is unavailable.
This report includes an overview of the emerging trends in satellite communication for IoT applications, highlighting the interest around the exploration of new orbits, development of nanosatellites, and impact of blockchain, AI and 5G for a connected satellite environment.
To purchase the full report, write to us at info@netscribes.com
Visit www.netscribes.com
One of the common questions that we encounter is why are 5G speeds so low as we were promised 5G downlink speeds of 20 Gbps. Most people do not understand how the 5G speeds are calculated and what do they depend on. In many cases, the network won’t be capable of delivering higher speeds due to some or the other limitation.
In this presentation and video we will look at the real world 5G speeds and try to map it to why these speeds are what they are.
All our #3G4G5G slides, videos, blogs and tutorials are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
3G4G Website – https://www.3g4g.co.uk/
3G4G Blog – https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/
Telecoms Infrastructure Blog – https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/
Operator Watch Blog – https://www.operatorwatch.com/
Connectivity Technology Blog – https://www.connectivity.technology/
Free 5G Training – https://www.free5gtraining.com/
Free 6G Training – https://www.free6gtraining.com/
- GPRS is an upgrade to GSM that allows packet-based data services and efficient use of network bandwidth. It provides higher data rates than GSM and constant connectivity.
- The GPRS network architecture introduces new network elements like the SGSN and GGSN to route data packets. The SGSN manages packet data in its service area while the GGSN connects the GPRS network to external packet networks.
- Session management in GPRS includes establishing PDP contexts for data transfer sessions and location management tracks the routing area of mobile devices through routing area updates.
Fiber optic systems are important telecommunication
infrastructure for world-wide broadband networks. Wide
bandwidth signal transmission with low delay is a key
requirement in present day applications. Optical fibers provide
enormous and unsurpassed transmission bandwidth with
negligible latency, and are now the transmission medium of
choice for long distance and high data rate transmission in
telecommunication networks.
This presentation & video explains electromagnetic spectrum, frequency, band, bandwidth and how these concepts are used in mobile technology. We also look at antennas for smartphones including 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
NOW A DAYS VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION IS MORE POPULAR. The visible light communication (VLC) refers to the communication technology which utilizes the visible light source as a signal transmitter, the air as a transmission medium, and the appropriate photodiode as a signal receiving component.Visible light is thus by definition comprised
of visually-perceivable electromagnetic waves.
The visible spectrum covers wave lengths
from 380 nm to 750 nm. The Visible Light Communications Consortium (VLCC) which is mainly comprised of Japanese technology companies was founded in November 2003. It increases the data speed compared to any communication
Position
LED and LASER source in optical communicationbhupender rawat
The document discusses LEDs, lasers, and their use in optical fiber communication. It provides introductions to LEDs and lasers, explaining how they work by converting electrical energy into light. LEDs are suitable for optical fiber due to their small size, high radiance, ability to modulate at high speeds, and long lifetime. Lasers provide more directional, coherent light and are used where higher performance is needed, allowing transmission over greater distances and higher data rates. Both LEDs and lasers can be used to inject light signals into optical fibers for communication.
This document provides an overview of free space optics communication (FSO). It begins with an introduction that defines FSO as using visible or infrared light beams through the atmosphere for optical communications. It then describes how FSO works using low power infrared lasers and photon detectors. The document outlines the basic architecture of FSO systems including transmitters, receivers, and modulation techniques. It discusses applications, advantages such as low cost and flexibility, and disadvantages like interference from weather. In conclusion, the document presents FSO as a wireless optical technology alternative to traditional wired networks.
This document provides an introduction to basic antenna parameters and concepts. It discusses how antennas convert between guided waves on transmission lines and free-space electromagnetic waves. Antennas radiate energy through accelerated or decelerated charge and currents. Key concepts covered include radiation resistance, patterns, beam area, directivity, gain, apertures, and polarization. The document aims to provide foundational knowledge of antennas and their language and parameters.
This document discusses various optical components used in fiber optic communication systems. It describes passive components like couplers, isolators, filters, and multiplexers/demultiplexers. It also covers active components such as modulators, switches, optical amplifiers, and wavelength converters. Different technologies for implementing these components are presented, including micro-optics, integrated optics, fiber-based, and hybrid approaches. Key parameters and requirements for optical components are also outlined.
This document discusses double heterojunction LEDs and their use in optical fiber communication. It explains that a double heterojunction structure sandwiches a small bandgap semiconductor between two large bandgap semiconductors. This reduces light losses by emitting photons from the small bandgap region. Surface emitting LEDs and edge emitting LEDs are described as the main types used for fiber optic communication over short distances and low data rates. Common semiconductor materials and their emission wavelengths are also listed.
This document provides an overview of optical DWDM fundamentals, including:
- Key terminology used in optical networks such as decibels, wavelength, frequency, and fiber impairments.
- Characteristics of optical fiber including different fiber types, fiber dimensions, and how light propagates through total internal reflection.
- Factors that reduce optical power over distance, specifically attenuation from absorption and scattering in the fiber material.
This document provides an overview of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. It discusses what UWB is, its principles and characteristics in both the time and frequency domains. Key advantages of UWB include high data rates over short ranges, multipath immunity, low power and cost. Applications discussed include wireless personal area networks, military communications, ground penetrating radar and sensors. Challenges of UWB are also noted, as well as its future potential and comparison to other technologies.
An optical fiber coupler is a device that splits light from one fiber into multiple fibers. There are different types of couplers classified by their shape, including Y, T, X, star, and tree couplers. Couplers work by transferring power between fibers through their cores or surfaces. Examples show how to calculate excess loss, insertion loss, crosstalk, and splitting ratios using the measured input and output powers. Optical couplers have applications in splitting and combining optical signals in fiber networks and communication systems.
Whether to go for underground or aerial deploymentAngelina Li
choose which method to install a fiber optic network depends on a variety of factors including the landscape, cost of the labor and equipment, and so on.
This chapter discusses transmission basics and networking media. It describes analog and digital signaling, modulation, transmission direction, multiplexing, throughput and bandwidth, baseband and broadband transmission, flaws like noise and attenuation, and characteristics of common media like coaxial cable, twisted-pair cable, fiber-optic cable, and wireless transmission. It also covers topics like cable installation, management, and choosing the right transmission medium based on factors like environment, distance, security, and growth needs.
The document discusses optical wireless communication and free space optics. It provides an introduction to free space optics concepts, how free space optic systems work, their applications, advantages, components like transmitters and receivers, and compares LED and laser diode light sources. It also discusses propagation concepts, link budget calculations and considerations for signal propagation and data security in free space optic systems.
An Optical Transport Network (OTN) uses optical fiber links to connect network elements and provide transport, multiplexing, routing, management and protection of client signals. OTN applies these functions from SDH/SONET to DWDM networks, and offers stronger error correction, more monitoring levels and transparent transport of client signals compared to SDH/SONET. This document describes OTN architecture, interfaces and standards, the optical transport hierarchy of multiplexing ODUk, OPUk and OTUk signals, and the containment and frame rates of these signals.
This document provides an introduction to GSM networks and their history. It discusses [1] the origins and evolution of cellular networks prior to GSM, [2] the formation of GSM in 1982 to develop a pan-European cellular standard, and [3] the key phases and advances of GSM technology over time, including digital voice services, SMS, and mobile data. The document also outlines some of the main advantages of GSM networks, including international roaming, security, voice quality, and their use of a single global standard.
An overview of 5G NR key technical features and enhancements for massive MIMO, mmWave, etc.
Presented by Yinan Qi, Samsung Electronics R&D Institute UK at Cambridge Wireless event Radio technology for 5G – making it work
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
Dispersion Compensation Techniques for Optical Fiber CommunicationAmit Raikar
This document discusses dispersion in optical fiber communication systems and various techniques to compensate for it, including dispersion compensating fibers, fiber Bragg gratings, electronic dispersion compensation, digital filters, and optical phase conjugation. Dispersion increases pulse spreading and affects signal quality. These techniques help reduce dispersion to improve transmission over long distances. The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the fundamental principles of Photonic Crystal Fibers. The material will be useful for KTU final year students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Satellite Communication for IoT Networks – Emerging TrendsNetscribes
The satellite IoT industry is undergoing a transformation with the emergence of NewSpace and the rising demand for global IoT connectivity. Exploration of innovative satellite solutions, adoption of robust and dynamic business models, and a growing shift in investments and research from public to private organizations are fast emerging as the key trends in the satellite IoT ecosystem.
Demand of IoT end-device connectivity is driving the need for innovative communication techniques. In addition to the terrestrial infrastructure, satellite communication appears set to play a key role in supporting IoT applications in diverse areas, including mining locations, deep sea, and remote sites where cellular connectivity is unavailable.
This report includes an overview of the emerging trends in satellite communication for IoT applications, highlighting the interest around the exploration of new orbits, development of nanosatellites, and impact of blockchain, AI and 5G for a connected satellite environment.
To purchase the full report, write to us at info@netscribes.com
Visit www.netscribes.com
One of the common questions that we encounter is why are 5G speeds so low as we were promised 5G downlink speeds of 20 Gbps. Most people do not understand how the 5G speeds are calculated and what do they depend on. In many cases, the network won’t be capable of delivering higher speeds due to some or the other limitation.
In this presentation and video we will look at the real world 5G speeds and try to map it to why these speeds are what they are.
All our #3G4G5G slides, videos, blogs and tutorials are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
3G4G Website – https://www.3g4g.co.uk/
3G4G Blog – https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/
Telecoms Infrastructure Blog – https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/
Operator Watch Blog – https://www.operatorwatch.com/
Connectivity Technology Blog – https://www.connectivity.technology/
Free 5G Training – https://www.free5gtraining.com/
Free 6G Training – https://www.free6gtraining.com/
- GPRS is an upgrade to GSM that allows packet-based data services and efficient use of network bandwidth. It provides higher data rates than GSM and constant connectivity.
- The GPRS network architecture introduces new network elements like the SGSN and GGSN to route data packets. The SGSN manages packet data in its service area while the GGSN connects the GPRS network to external packet networks.
- Session management in GPRS includes establishing PDP contexts for data transfer sessions and location management tracks the routing area of mobile devices through routing area updates.
Fiber optic systems are important telecommunication
infrastructure for world-wide broadband networks. Wide
bandwidth signal transmission with low delay is a key
requirement in present day applications. Optical fibers provide
enormous and unsurpassed transmission bandwidth with
negligible latency, and are now the transmission medium of
choice for long distance and high data rate transmission in
telecommunication networks.
This presentation & video explains electromagnetic spectrum, frequency, band, bandwidth and how these concepts are used in mobile technology. We also look at antennas for smartphones including 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
NOW A DAYS VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION IS MORE POPULAR. The visible light communication (VLC) refers to the communication technology which utilizes the visible light source as a signal transmitter, the air as a transmission medium, and the appropriate photodiode as a signal receiving component.Visible light is thus by definition comprised
of visually-perceivable electromagnetic waves.
The visible spectrum covers wave lengths
from 380 nm to 750 nm. The Visible Light Communications Consortium (VLCC) which is mainly comprised of Japanese technology companies was founded in November 2003. It increases the data speed compared to any communication
Position
LED and LASER source in optical communicationbhupender rawat
The document discusses LEDs, lasers, and their use in optical fiber communication. It provides introductions to LEDs and lasers, explaining how they work by converting electrical energy into light. LEDs are suitable for optical fiber due to their small size, high radiance, ability to modulate at high speeds, and long lifetime. Lasers provide more directional, coherent light and are used where higher performance is needed, allowing transmission over greater distances and higher data rates. Both LEDs and lasers can be used to inject light signals into optical fibers for communication.
This document provides an overview of free space optics communication (FSO). It begins with an introduction that defines FSO as using visible or infrared light beams through the atmosphere for optical communications. It then describes how FSO works using low power infrared lasers and photon detectors. The document outlines the basic architecture of FSO systems including transmitters, receivers, and modulation techniques. It discusses applications, advantages such as low cost and flexibility, and disadvantages like interference from weather. In conclusion, the document presents FSO as a wireless optical technology alternative to traditional wired networks.
This document provides an introduction to basic antenna parameters and concepts. It discusses how antennas convert between guided waves on transmission lines and free-space electromagnetic waves. Antennas radiate energy through accelerated or decelerated charge and currents. Key concepts covered include radiation resistance, patterns, beam area, directivity, gain, apertures, and polarization. The document aims to provide foundational knowledge of antennas and their language and parameters.
This document discusses various optical components used in fiber optic communication systems. It describes passive components like couplers, isolators, filters, and multiplexers/demultiplexers. It also covers active components such as modulators, switches, optical amplifiers, and wavelength converters. Different technologies for implementing these components are presented, including micro-optics, integrated optics, fiber-based, and hybrid approaches. Key parameters and requirements for optical components are also outlined.
This document discusses double heterojunction LEDs and their use in optical fiber communication. It explains that a double heterojunction structure sandwiches a small bandgap semiconductor between two large bandgap semiconductors. This reduces light losses by emitting photons from the small bandgap region. Surface emitting LEDs and edge emitting LEDs are described as the main types used for fiber optic communication over short distances and low data rates. Common semiconductor materials and their emission wavelengths are also listed.
This document provides an overview of optical DWDM fundamentals, including:
- Key terminology used in optical networks such as decibels, wavelength, frequency, and fiber impairments.
- Characteristics of optical fiber including different fiber types, fiber dimensions, and how light propagates through total internal reflection.
- Factors that reduce optical power over distance, specifically attenuation from absorption and scattering in the fiber material.
This document provides an overview of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. It discusses what UWB is, its principles and characteristics in both the time and frequency domains. Key advantages of UWB include high data rates over short ranges, multipath immunity, low power and cost. Applications discussed include wireless personal area networks, military communications, ground penetrating radar and sensors. Challenges of UWB are also noted, as well as its future potential and comparison to other technologies.
An optical fiber coupler is a device that splits light from one fiber into multiple fibers. There are different types of couplers classified by their shape, including Y, T, X, star, and tree couplers. Couplers work by transferring power between fibers through their cores or surfaces. Examples show how to calculate excess loss, insertion loss, crosstalk, and splitting ratios using the measured input and output powers. Optical couplers have applications in splitting and combining optical signals in fiber networks and communication systems.
Whether to go for underground or aerial deploymentAngelina Li
choose which method to install a fiber optic network depends on a variety of factors including the landscape, cost of the labor and equipment, and so on.
This chapter discusses transmission basics and networking media. It describes analog and digital signaling, modulation, transmission direction, multiplexing, throughput and bandwidth, baseband and broadband transmission, flaws like noise and attenuation, and characteristics of common media like coaxial cable, twisted-pair cable, fiber-optic cable, and wireless transmission. It also covers topics like cable installation, management, and choosing the right transmission medium based on factors like environment, distance, security, and growth needs.
Fiber optic cable carries data signals in the form of light down an inner glass or plastic core surrounded by cladding and an outer jacket. It can transmit signals via either multimode fiber, which uses multiple light beams through different paths, or single-mode fiber, which uses one light beam. Fiber optic cable has advantages over copper wire including higher transmission rates, greater bandwidth capacity, smaller size, lower attenuation, immunity to interference, security, and easier installation. However, it also has disadvantages like higher costs over short distances and requiring skilled installation and maintenance.
Fiber characterization involves testing optical fibers to ensure they are suitable for the intended transmission system. Key tests include inspecting connectors for contamination, measuring insertion loss, return loss, and dispersion. Optical time domain reflectometers locate events along the fiber such as splices, macrobends, and breaks. High contamination can significantly increase loss and reflections compared to clean connections. Precise characterization is needed to validate fiber plant performance.
An OTDR is an instrument used to test optical fibers which works like an optical radar. It evaluates fiber optic link characteristics and measures fiber parameters such as attenuation, length, and loss. The document discusses OTDR operational principles, basic setup requirements including range, pulse width, and index of refraction. It also covers OTDR types, testing and trace analysis procedures, and limitations in testing short-distance fibers.
Transmission media are located below the physical layer and are used to transmit signals representing data. There are two main types of transmission media: guided media (wired), which provide a conduit for transmission, and unguided media (wireless), which transmit via electromagnetic waves without a physical pathway. Common guided media include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Unguided media include radio waves, microwaves, and infrared. Each type of transmission media has different characteristics that determine its suitable uses.
Establishment Network by Using FSO Link Based on MD Code for Hybrid SCM-SAC-O...IJECEIAES
Since the wireless systems are working under nature environments and influenced by turbulence, weather in Iraq that leads to extended amount of fading signal, dissipation or attenuation. Basic “hybrid Subcarrier Multiplying Spectral Amplitude Coding (SCM-SAC) of Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA)" indoor or outdoor optical system depends on generally “Multi-Diagonal (MD)" security code by using optical space known as “Free Space Optic (FSO)" that was proposed in this work. It is found that the mention hybrid wireless systems can be used in operating mesh networks. The main proposed idea of hybrid optical technique was analyzed and simulated by normally taking into simulation account that the directly effecting by rain and haze attenuations. In addition, there are mention and description for atmospheric effects, FSO mesh network, modulation scheme, simulation, and the data security. From simulation results, the hybrid system using MD code produces reduced “bit-error rate (BER)" at heavy storm rain to distance or range of 500 m and at drizzle rain up to 2500 m range. And also investigates the performance of using the proposed system with radio over fiber (RoF) for UWB signals through indoor propagation in building applications of wireless channel.
This presentation discusses freespace optical communication (FSO), which transmits modulated beams of light through the atmosphere for broadband communications. It provides a brief history of FSO, describes how FSO works by converting network traffic to light pulses, and lists its advantages like low cost, high security, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. The presentation also outlines FSO's applications like metro networks and last mile access, and discusses its disadvantages such as reliance on line of sight and susceptibility to atmospheric conditions.
Design of Millimeter Wave Micro strip Patch Antenna for MIMO CommunicationIRJET Journal
1. The document describes the design of a millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna array for MIMO communication systems operating at 29.5 GHz.
2. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed using a metamaterial substrate to improve bandwidth and data rate. The antenna is modeled and simulated using HFSS software.
3. Key design parameters of the antenna include a dielectric constant of 2.2, dielectric height of 1.6mm, patch width of 4.371mm, and length of 2.541mm. Simulation results are presented and discussed.
DESIGN TRENDS IN ULTRA WIDE BAND WEARABLE ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS ON-BODY NETWORKSDr.SHANTHI K.G
This document discusses design trends in ultra wide band wearable antennas for wireless on-body networks. It provides an overview of wireless body area networks (WBANs) and the challenges in designing wearable antennas that operate in close proximity to the human body. Ultra wide band technology is identified as a promising solution due to features like low cost, high data rates, and low power requirements. The document reviews various design methodologies for ultra wide band wearable antennas, including microstrip, fractal, and band-notched antenna designs. It evaluates different substrate materials and discusses bending effects on antenna performance. The document concludes that liquid crystal polymer and natural rubber substrates show potential as flexible options for wearable antenna design.
Development and design of wearable textile antenna on various fabric substrat...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In the area of wearable technology an enhancement of basic microstrip antenna is evolution of wearable textile antenna. A major requirement for wearable textile antenna is its flexible designed materials which incoprates of fabric in the structure. The parameters obtained from the wearable textile antenna are return loss (S-11), directivity, gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) as well as the specific absorption rate (SAR) value. All these parameters are mostly influenced by the value of substrate dielectric constant and its thickness. In this paper, the design of wearable dual band frequency microstrip antenna is presented for wireless communication services. When the federal communication commission (FSS) has allowed the operation of unlicensed ultra-wideband (UWB) thus it attracted research interest in realizing UWB antennas for wireless applications. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna ranges from 2.85 GHz to 7.3 GHz. For body-worn and wearable applications, the antenna is embedded on selected textiles (i.e. felt, denim, polyester and leather). The prorposed microstrip antenna is designed, simulated and analysed in computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio.
IRJET- Survey Paper on Performance Evaluation of 5G WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) Syste...IRJET Journal
This document provides a survey of research on evaluating the performance of 5G WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) systems using space time block coding techniques. It first introduces WiMAX and MIMO-OFDM technologies. It then discusses the IEEE 802.16 reference model and describes the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and its advantages. The document also explains space time block coding and how it can achieve transmit diversity. Finally, it concludes that WiMAX-OFDM using space time block coding can operate with lower transmit power over longer distances while tolerating more interference.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new design for a wideband microstrip patch antenna. The antenna uses an inverted slotted patch structure fed by a microstrip transmission line to improve bandwidth performance over a conventional microstrip antenna. It operates from 1-12 GHz, showing an impedance bandwidth of over 11 GHz. The design combines techniques such as an inverted patch structure, slotting of the patch, and microstrip line feeding to achieve a compact, low-profile antenna with enhanced bandwidth and high gain for ultra-wideband applications. Key aspects of the antenna's design and operating principles are discussed.
Flexible Antennadesign for Wave Applicationsijtsrd
In this paper, a three dimensional compact antenna is designed for the automotive industry is proposed. The Antenna is designed by using the flexible substrate that can fix on the top layer of the car. The antenna can be easily fabricated from a printed circuit board and a metal sheet with low cost process and materials polyimide .It helps us to cover the Long Term Evolution LTE and WAVE guidelines, just as with different administrations, for example, GPS, car to car C2C AND remote keyless entry RKE . The structure is design for reduced incorporated flexible reception antenna arrangement with adjusted planar monopole is proposed to cover the Wireless Access Vehicular Environment WAVE band 5.9 GHz concerning vehicular applications. Jayenth S | Shanthosh S | Dr. Kanthimathi N "Flexible Antennadesign for Wave Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30510.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30510/flexible-antennadesign-for-wave-applications/jayenth-s
Ultra-Wide Band (10 GHz Bandwidth) Microstrip Patch Antenna for Millimeter Wa...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper introduces a microstrip patch antenna (MPA) for fifth Generation (5G)/ millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) applications for frequencies > 50 GHz. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated on a flexible substrate of cotton jean having εr =1.76, δ =0.078, and a height of 1 mm. The designed antenna operates over an impedance bandwidth of 10 GHz with a maximum gain of 6.167 dBi. The antenna patch's largest dimension is 2.82mm (0.52687 λ) and the ground is 8 mm (1.499 λ), whereas λ is calculated at the center frequency of impedance bandwidth.
Fiber optic communication has several military applications due to its advantages over traditional copper wire. It allows for repeaters every 16km compared to 500m for coax, is lighter weight, and has higher bandwidth for transmitting multiple signals. Fiber optic cables are also more secure as they are not affected by electromagnetic or radio frequency interference and are very difficult to tap. One weapon application is the FOG-M missile, which uses a fiber optic cable to transmit video feedback to the gunner for guidance. Fiber optics are also used for optical computing, military surveillance and sensors due to their ruggedness, and aboard vehicles since they are lighter and immune to electromagnetic interference.
A pattern diversity compact mimo antenna array design for wlanIAEME Publication
This document describes the design of a compact multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. It presents a pattern diversity approach using printed Yagi-Uda antennas arranged in a triangular configuration to achieve orthogonal radiation patterns and reduce mutual coupling. Each Yagi-Uda antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate with parasitic elements to direct the beam. The MIMO array exhibits mutual coupling below -20 dB and bandwidth from 4.8-6.2 GHz covering the upper WLAN band. Simulation results show the array provides good impedance matching, gain of 2.29 dBi, and directivity of 2.97 dBi at 5.69 GHz operating frequency
A pattern diversity compact mimo antenna array design for wlanIAEME Publication
This document describes the design of a compact multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. It presents a pattern diversity technique using printed Yagi-Uda antennas arranged in a triangular configuration to achieve orthogonal radiation patterns and reduce mutual coupling. Each Yagi-Uda antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate with a parasitic strip director and integrated balun. A 3-antenna array exhibits mutual coupling below -20 dB and bandwidth from 4.8-6.2 GHz covering the 5 GHz WLAN band with low cost and compact size suitable for indoor use.
This document provides an overview and comparative analysis of 5G MIMO antenna technologies. It begins with an introduction to 5G networks and MIMO antenna systems. The document then presents a literature review and comparative table summarizing 20 research papers on 5G MIMO antenna designs. The papers describe different antenna structures, materials, frequency bands, performance parameters, and applications for 5G networks including smartphones, base stations, and other devices. In conclusion, the document discusses how 5G will enhance digital growth, social and economic development through higher data rates and network capacity.
IRJET- Measurement of Second Harmonic Voltage with Wavelength Modulation Spec...IRJET Journal
This document discusses measurement of second harmonic voltage using wavelength modulation spectroscopy with MATLAB Simulink. It provides an overview of free-space optical communication systems and wavelength division multiplexing technology. It describes the basic components of an FSO system including the transmitter, receiver, and communication channel. Challenges of FSO systems include atmospheric effects like absorption, scattering and refraction. Applications of FSO include links between satellites, terrestrial networks, and deep space probes where it provides advantages over radio frequency technology.
A Detailed Discussion of Free Space Optical Communication Systems A Reviewijtsrd
Free space optical communication FSOC is a potential technique for high speed, secure data transmission. It has the capacity to serve a huge number of people and deliver a large amount of bandwidth. FSOC is utilized in locations where optical fiber is difficult to deploy and saves time while also being license free. FSO networks have a wide range of possible applications, from house to satellite. FSO networks, on the other hand, have not gained traction due to a lack of availability and dependability. In order to take use of the features of wireless optical channels, researchers have concentrated on challenges in the physical layer. However, recent technical advancements with positive outcomes have made it feasible to investigate the benefits of high bandwidth. In FSO networks, several researchers have begun to focus on network and higher layer issues. In this review article, FSO systems are elaborated and discussed its history technologies in FSO, comparison to RF, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Further, discussion on the utmost important performance limiting factor such as atmospheric turbulence is done and moreover beam divergence, scattering, dispersion in FSO, absorption, line of sight misalignment etc are also explained. Fog, haze, rain and their intensities such as low, medium and heavy ranges affect the FSO performance prominently. Different studies are reported in the literature to increase speed, capacity, and performance and also to perform better under the effects of different atmospheric turbulences using different modulations, multiple transmitters, optical amplifiers, wavelength windows, large antenna sizes, relay communication etc. However, FSO systems still need improvement in speed, capacity and performance. Shivam Vats | Arvind Kumar | Amit Chaudhary | Richa Tejpal "A Detailed Discussion of Free Space Optical Communication Systems: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/50065/a-detailed-discussion-of-free-space-optical-communication-systems-a-review/shivam-vats
A Survey on Emerging WiMAX Antenna Technologies and Slotted Microstrip Patch ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses various antenna technologies for WiMAX applications, including SISO, SIMO, MISO, MIMO and AAS modes. It also reviews slotted microstrip patch antennas, specifically double C-slot and C-slot designs. Key findings include:
1) Slotted microstrip patch antennas can improve gain, return loss and VSWR over conventional patch antennas for WiMAX.
2) A double C-slot design achieved a return loss of -31.6 dB and gain of 6.4 dBi, outperforming a C-slot antenna.
3) Slotted designs provide a 37% reduction in antenna size compared to conventional square patches.
Design and optimize microstrip patch antenna array using the active element p...journalBEEI
Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in modern day communication devices due to their light weight, low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated two Microstrip Patch Antennas (slotted-ring and truncated-slotted ring) and array at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications using Computer Simulation Technology, CST. The antenna design consists of rectangular radiating patch on Rogers RT5880 substrate and is excited by using coaxial probe feeding technique. The truncated-slotted ring has been designed on top of the radiating patch to improve bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results of the both antennas are in close agreement with each other. Due to the good agreement of simulation and measurement results of truncated-slotted ring antenna in comparison with slotted-ring antenna, it has been selected for antenna array design. The simulated and measured S11 of truncated-slotted ring antenna shows -21dB and -15.6 dB at 2.4 GHz respectively. Then, the antenna has been formed into 1x4 array in order to observe its beamforming capability. The proposed antenna array is suitable for 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard which is proposed to be used for IoT.
Design and development broadband monopole antenna for in-door applicationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper describes the broadband monopole antenna refers to a signal
wideband of the frequencies, which can be divided the signal into channels of
the frequency bins. Aim this paper to design and development broadband
monopole antenna. The monopole antenna was designed by adding slot to
the radiated patch antenna with a single feed line, which reduced the size and
the design complexity. A rectangular patch antenna was presented using feed
line to decrease the ground plane with a suitable gap distance. The broadband
monopole antenna was designed with a frequency range of 800 MHz – 3 GHz,
with Bandwidth 0.66 (dB), reflection coefficients and return loss.
The frequency-dependent characteristic impedance was included. It can be
used in various broadband applications in used commercially for various
communication systems such as 4G (LTE), WiMAX and WLAN (LTE),
remote sensing, biomedical, and mobile wireless. Apart from that, this
technology is environment-friendly; an antenna which consists of reception
and transmission. The antenna is simulated by using computer simulation
(CST) software; using FR-4 substrate of 4.4 permittivity thickness 1.6 mm and
loss tangent of 0.025. The measurement result is accepted with simulation
result, proving the acceptable broadband operation for this proposed structure.
IRJET- Analysis of 5G Mobile Technologies and DDOS DefenseIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on 5G mobile technologies and defenses against distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. It discusses two key 5G technologies: photonic technologies for 5G transport and data centers, which use fiber optics to transmit large amounts of data, and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which allows more users to be served simultaneously. It also discusses challenges of 5G such as interference and proposes software-defined networking and network function virtualization approaches to detect and mitigate DDoS attacks.
Similar to Detailed analysis of fiber optic networks and its benefits in defense applications (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.