- There is a rich roadmap of 5G technologies coming in the second half of the 5G decade with the 5G Advanced evolution
- 6G will be the future innovation platform for 2030 and beyond building on the 5G Advanced foundation
- 6G will be more than just a new radio design, expanding the role of AI, sensing and others in the connected intelligent edge
- Qualcomm is leading cutting-edge wireless research across six key technology vectors on the path to 6G
While 6G is as yet 10 years away, organizations that keep themselves up to date with what this next networking architecture has to bring to the table will have a decisive advantage over their competitors.
While 5G commercialization is still in its initial stage, it's never too soon to begin planning for 6G on the grounds that it regularly takes around 10 years from the beginning of exploration to commercialization of new generation of communications technology.
Most tech insiders trust 6G would need to hit two or three benchmarks first beginning with a hyper-quick information rate that beats 5G, with download paces of at any rate 1,000Gbps (multiple times the speed of 5G) and record-breaking all-time low latency, or “air latency” of under 100 μs, start to finish (E2E) inertness under 1 ms, and amazingly low delay jitter in order of microseconds.
Technology doesn't rest.
Despite the fact that the 5G Technology is still in the beginning of its arrangement, the tech world is now bantering around thoughts on what the next generation – 6G – might resemble.
This isn't startling on the grounds that the technology that goes into 5G's replacement will set aside some effort to create.
Tonex offers 6G Introduction, IMT-2030, a one-day course covering the planning inspiration and basic technology of 6G engineering, just like the new 6G terminology. Members are familiar with the comparison between 5G and 6G, and understand how 6G achieves its goals by understanding the functions of 6G.
Introduction to 6G Course by Tonex
IMT-2030 is an introduction to 6G, a one-day overview of 6G technology consistent with ITU-T IMT-2030. Learn about 6G wireless systems, use cases, applications, trends, technologies and protocols.
6G or IMT-2030 is the future of mobile networks promised by ITU-T network 2030. Tonex now offers training courses to help develop the next generation of 6G skills.
Who Should Attend
This one-day training course covers the design motivation and basic technology of 6G architecture, as well as new 6G vocabulary. You will also understand the difference between 5G and 6G, and understand how 6G will achieve its goals by observing how 6G works.
An advanced 6G technical overview for anyone involved in 6G product development, product management, analysis, planning, design and engineering.
Learning Objectives
Describe the 6G vision and business case Explain the key technologies and basic components of 6G networks
Draw end-to-end 6G network architecture, including new radio types, core networks and applications
Gradually complete the evolution from 5G to 6G
Course outline
Overview of 6G Wireless Networks
6G Vision, Architecture, and Key Technologies
Hologram Type Communications
Learn More
Introduction to 6G, Prepare Now Training
https://www.tonex.com/introduction-to-6g-prepare-now-training/
This a small PPT on Introduction to 5G technology. In this PPT 5g introduced in very briefly. This is related to to 2017 5g according to 3GPP standards.
6G Training Course Part 3: 6G Use Cases & Applications3G4G
After our successful launch of '5G for Absolute Beginners' course (http://bit.ly/5Gbegins) in 2020, we decided to create an introductory training course on 6G Mobile Wireless Communications technology. The course is ready and the best way to navigate it is via the Free 6G Training page at: https://bit.ly/6Gintro - this will ensure that you have the latest version of each video and also the most recent version of the 6G technologies videos as and they are added.
In this part we will look at some of the newer 6G use cases and applications as well as the existing ones that may not be satisfied with 5G. While we discuss some of the use cases in this video / presentation, you have to remember that the final use cases would be dependent on the requirements as well as the evolution of devices and other supporting technologies.
This course is part of #Free6Gtraining initiative (https://www.free6gtraining.com/)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free 6G Training Blog: https://www.free6gtraining.com/
This presentation is all about all the generation networks,their features,benefits and drawbacks,Their is also a brief comparison of all the generation networks.
PPT about 4G technology which I made for my college purpose.
PPT displays Evolution, Architecture, Working Procedure, Advantages and Disadvantages of 4T Technology.
Background images: Google Image Search
Billions of connected devices and things. Billions of people. 5G will provide connectivity for all of these things and people as well as businesses and industry, bringing benefit to society. Operating machinery in hazardous environments from a remote control will be enabled through near-zero latency communication links that enable real-time video. Billions of video-enabled devices will be able to share bandwidth-hungry content. These are just a few applications that illustrate what 5G will be designed for.
After our successful launch of '5G for Absolute Beginners' course (http://bit.ly/5Gbegins) in 2020, we decided to create an introductory training course on 6G Mobile Wireless Communications technology. The course is ready and the best way to navigate it is via the Free 6G Training page at: https://bit.ly/6Gintro - this will ensure that you have the latest version of each video and also the most recent version of the 6G technologies videos as and they are added.
In this part we will look at how and why the industry and research community believes that things will be very different in 2030 and to get ready for that era, we need to start looking at and defining 6G today. While some believe that there will be an intermediate 5.5G or Beyond 5G step before jumping directly on to 6G, others believe that 6G will require step change that 5G evolution may not achieve satisfactorily.
This course is part of #Free6Gtraining initiative (https://www.free6gtraining.com/)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free 6G Training Blog: https://www.free6gtraining.com/
3GPP Release 17: Completing the first phase of 5G evolutionQualcomm Research
This presentation summarizes 5G NR Release 17 projects that was completed in March 2022. It further enhances 5G foundation and expands into new devices, use cases, verticals.
5G Technology Strategy: Next-Generation Mobile Networkingvenkada ramanujam
Know the history of 5G, and how this is better than 1G-4G. Comparison of all Gs. Applications that will use the 5G. Future view of 5G can be understand
- There is a rich roadmap of 5G technologies coming in the second half of the 5G decade with the 5G Advanced evolution
- 6G will be the future innovation platform for 2030 and beyond building on the 5G Advanced foundation
- 6G will be more than just a new radio design, expanding the role of AI, sensing and others in the connected intelligent edge
- Qualcomm is leading cutting-edge wireless research across six key technology vectors on the path to 6G
While 6G is as yet 10 years away, organizations that keep themselves up to date with what this next networking architecture has to bring to the table will have a decisive advantage over their competitors.
While 5G commercialization is still in its initial stage, it's never too soon to begin planning for 6G on the grounds that it regularly takes around 10 years from the beginning of exploration to commercialization of new generation of communications technology.
Most tech insiders trust 6G would need to hit two or three benchmarks first beginning with a hyper-quick information rate that beats 5G, with download paces of at any rate 1,000Gbps (multiple times the speed of 5G) and record-breaking all-time low latency, or “air latency” of under 100 μs, start to finish (E2E) inertness under 1 ms, and amazingly low delay jitter in order of microseconds.
Technology doesn't rest.
Despite the fact that the 5G Technology is still in the beginning of its arrangement, the tech world is now bantering around thoughts on what the next generation – 6G – might resemble.
This isn't startling on the grounds that the technology that goes into 5G's replacement will set aside some effort to create.
Tonex offers 6G Introduction, IMT-2030, a one-day course covering the planning inspiration and basic technology of 6G engineering, just like the new 6G terminology. Members are familiar with the comparison between 5G and 6G, and understand how 6G achieves its goals by understanding the functions of 6G.
Introduction to 6G Course by Tonex
IMT-2030 is an introduction to 6G, a one-day overview of 6G technology consistent with ITU-T IMT-2030. Learn about 6G wireless systems, use cases, applications, trends, technologies and protocols.
6G or IMT-2030 is the future of mobile networks promised by ITU-T network 2030. Tonex now offers training courses to help develop the next generation of 6G skills.
Who Should Attend
This one-day training course covers the design motivation and basic technology of 6G architecture, as well as new 6G vocabulary. You will also understand the difference between 5G and 6G, and understand how 6G will achieve its goals by observing how 6G works.
An advanced 6G technical overview for anyone involved in 6G product development, product management, analysis, planning, design and engineering.
Learning Objectives
Describe the 6G vision and business case Explain the key technologies and basic components of 6G networks
Draw end-to-end 6G network architecture, including new radio types, core networks and applications
Gradually complete the evolution from 5G to 6G
Course outline
Overview of 6G Wireless Networks
6G Vision, Architecture, and Key Technologies
Hologram Type Communications
Learn More
Introduction to 6G, Prepare Now Training
https://www.tonex.com/introduction-to-6g-prepare-now-training/
This a small PPT on Introduction to 5G technology. In this PPT 5g introduced in very briefly. This is related to to 2017 5g according to 3GPP standards.
6G Training Course Part 3: 6G Use Cases & Applications3G4G
After our successful launch of '5G for Absolute Beginners' course (http://bit.ly/5Gbegins) in 2020, we decided to create an introductory training course on 6G Mobile Wireless Communications technology. The course is ready and the best way to navigate it is via the Free 6G Training page at: https://bit.ly/6Gintro - this will ensure that you have the latest version of each video and also the most recent version of the 6G technologies videos as and they are added.
In this part we will look at some of the newer 6G use cases and applications as well as the existing ones that may not be satisfied with 5G. While we discuss some of the use cases in this video / presentation, you have to remember that the final use cases would be dependent on the requirements as well as the evolution of devices and other supporting technologies.
This course is part of #Free6Gtraining initiative (https://www.free6gtraining.com/)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free 6G Training Blog: https://www.free6gtraining.com/
This presentation is all about all the generation networks,their features,benefits and drawbacks,Their is also a brief comparison of all the generation networks.
PPT about 4G technology which I made for my college purpose.
PPT displays Evolution, Architecture, Working Procedure, Advantages and Disadvantages of 4T Technology.
Background images: Google Image Search
Billions of connected devices and things. Billions of people. 5G will provide connectivity for all of these things and people as well as businesses and industry, bringing benefit to society. Operating machinery in hazardous environments from a remote control will be enabled through near-zero latency communication links that enable real-time video. Billions of video-enabled devices will be able to share bandwidth-hungry content. These are just a few applications that illustrate what 5G will be designed for.
After our successful launch of '5G for Absolute Beginners' course (http://bit.ly/5Gbegins) in 2020, we decided to create an introductory training course on 6G Mobile Wireless Communications technology. The course is ready and the best way to navigate it is via the Free 6G Training page at: https://bit.ly/6Gintro - this will ensure that you have the latest version of each video and also the most recent version of the 6G technologies videos as and they are added.
In this part we will look at how and why the industry and research community believes that things will be very different in 2030 and to get ready for that era, we need to start looking at and defining 6G today. While some believe that there will be an intermediate 5.5G or Beyond 5G step before jumping directly on to 6G, others believe that 6G will require step change that 5G evolution may not achieve satisfactorily.
This course is part of #Free6Gtraining initiative (https://www.free6gtraining.com/)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free 6G Training Blog: https://www.free6gtraining.com/
3GPP Release 17: Completing the first phase of 5G evolutionQualcomm Research
This presentation summarizes 5G NR Release 17 projects that was completed in March 2022. It further enhances 5G foundation and expands into new devices, use cases, verticals.
5G Technology Strategy: Next-Generation Mobile Networkingvenkada ramanujam
Know the history of 5G, and how this is better than 1G-4G. Comparison of all Gs. Applications that will use the 5G. Future view of 5G can be understand
State-of-the-Art Strategies and Research Challenges In Wireless Communication...ijwmn
The upcoming 6G communication network will revolutionize the scenario of customer services and related applications by building smart, autonomous systems. We first discuss here about 6G enabled smart applications like healthcare, smart city building, industrial IoTs, etc. We next provide a brief survey of the enabling technologies for achieving the required goals of 6G, such as terahertz communication, cell-free communication, holographic communication using beamforming, wireless power transfer, ultra-low latency communication, etc., with a view to tackle very large amounts of data traffic from several billions of smart interconnected devices while supporting ultra-low end-to-end communication latency. Finally, we present various research challenges involved in 6G communication towards building such smart systems.
State-of-the-Art Strategies and Research Challenges In Wireless Communication...ijwmn
The upcoming 6G communication network will revolutionize the scenario of customer services and related applications by building smart, autonomous
systems. We first discuss here about 6G enabled smart applications like healthcare, smart city building, industrial IoTs, etc. We next provide a brief survey of
the enabling technologies for achieving the required goals of 6G, such as terahertz
communication, cell-free communication, holographic communication using beamforming, wireless power transfer, ultra-low latency communication, etc., with a view
to tackle very large amounts of data traffic from several billions of smart interconnected devices while supporting ultra-low end-to-end communication latency. Finally, we present various research challenges involved in 6G communication towards
building such smart systems.
5G Mobile Wireless network system yield new challenges. In future the demand that need to be addressed are capacity, increase data rate and reduce latency. This paper focus on latest technologies used in wireless mobile communication network. In this, some emerging technologies use like device-to-device Communication (D2D), Interference Management, Spectrum sharing with cognitive radio, network cloud and Internet of Things (IoT), Massive MIMO. The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure and network cloud describing the access of networking resources from a centralized third-party provider. Kiran Likhar | Shraddha Karale | Rashmi Bhat"Challenges and Emerging Technology in 5G" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10778.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/10778/challenges-and-emerging-technology-in-5g/kiran-likhar
Exploring the Potential Future Market Utilizations of 6G Network Technologyijtsrd
With the widespread adoption of 5G network technology, its benefits have revolutionized various aspects of human life. However, as we look ahead, the research focus has shifted to the next frontier 6G networks. This paper aims to investigate the realm of 6G applications, comparing and contrasting them with the accomplishments of 5G networks. By examining existing literature and analyzing relevant case studies, valuable insights emerge. Notably, 6G networks are expected to surpass the capabilities of 5G, exhibiting enhanced speed and efficiency. Furthermore, the future development of 6G is projected to witness a paradigm shift, characterized by immersive experiences, intelligent systems, and global connectivity. Tapan Bhagvanbhai Golakiya "Exploring the Potential Future Market Utilizations of 6G Network Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59652.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/59652/exploring-the-potential-future-market-utilizations-of-6g-network-technology/tapan-bhagvanbhai-golakiya
Journey of mobile generation and cognititve radio technology in 5 gijmnct
The ever increasing number of smart network devices may reach up to 24 billion in year 2020 as stated in the recent survey conducted by Forbes magazine. This may obsolete the current 4G technology for handling smart bandwidth allocation to such a large number of devices. In order to cope the challenging
need for fast and efficient data transfer over these devices, demands next generation mobile network technology. In literature 5G technology has been suggested that offers appropriate solution to the above issues. 5G is a futuristic technology that would solve many problem of day to day life. By using 5G high data rates can be achieved in the range of Gbps with minimal latency. But the question is how to make such
futuristic technology realistic. This can be done by efficiently utilizing the bandwidth in the allotted spectrum. Despite numerous benefits, 5G may critically suffer from tedious implementation problems that have been discussed in this paper. Cognitive radio (CR) is an intelligent radio that works on the principle of dynamic spectrum allocation. Cognitive Radio is capable of learning and adapting to external environment and reuses the frequency when primary user is absent. This paper combine the advantage of two technology 5G terminal and Cognitive radio terminal where 5G provide quality of service and high data rate whereas Cognitive radio give flexibility and adaptability to 5G.
JOURNEY OF MOBILE GENERATION AND COGNITIVE RADIO TECHNOLOGY IN 5Gijmnct
The ever increasing number of smart network devices may reach up to 24 billion in year 2020 as stated inthe recent survey conducted by Forbes magazine. This may obsolete the current 4G technology for handling smart bandwidth allocation to such a large number of devices. In order to cope the challenging need for fast and efficient data transfer over these devices, demands next generation mobile network technology. In literature 5G technology has been suggested that offers appropriate solution to the above issues. 5G is a futuristic technology that would solve many problem of day to day life. By using 5G high data rates can be achieved in the range of Gbps with minimal latency. But the question is how to make such futuristic technology realistic. This can be done by efficiently utilizing the bandwidth in the allotted spectrum. Despite numerous benefits, 5G may critically suffer from tedious implementation problems that have been discussed in this paper. Cognitive radio (CR) is an intelligent radio that works on the principle of dynamic spectrum allocation. Cognitive Radio is capable of learning and adapting to external environment and reuses the frequency when primary user is absent. This paper combine the advantage of two technology 5G terminal and Cognitive radio terminal where 5G provide quality of service and high data rate whereas Cognitive radio give flexibility and adaptability to 5G.
[email protected]Received December 4, 2019, accepted JanuaTatianaMajor22
[email protected]
Received December 4, 2019, accepted January 7, 2020, date of publication January 13, 2020, date of current version January 24, 2020.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2966271
5G Technology: Towards Dynamic Spectrum
Sharing Using Cognitive Radio Networks
W. S. H. M. W. AHMAD 1, N. A. M. RADZI 1,2, (Senior Member, IEEE), F. S. SAMIDI1,
A. ISMAIL 1,2, (Member, IEEE), F. ABDULLAH 1,2, (Senior Member, IEEE),
M. Z. JAMALUDIN1,2, (Senior Member, IEEE), AND M. N. ZAKARIA3
1Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
2Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
3Architecture and Governance, Tenaga Nasional Berhad Information and Communication Technology (TNB ICT), Kuala Lumpur 59200, Malaysia
Corresponding author: N. A. M. Radzi ([email protected])
This work was supported in part by UNITEN R & D Sdn Bhd through Tenaga Nasional Berhad Seed Fund under Grant U-TC-RD-19-04,
and in part by the Universiti Tenaga Nasional BOLD2025 under Grant 10436494/B/2019019.
ABSTRACT The explosive popularity of small-cell and Internet of Everything devices has tremendously
increased traffic loads. This increase has revolutionised the current network into 5G technology, which
demands increased capacity, high data rate and ultra-low latency. Two of the research focus areas for meeting
these demands are exploring the spectrum resource and maximising the utilisation of its bands. However,
the scarcity of the spectrum resource creates a serious challenge in achieving an efficient management
scheme. This work aims to conduct an in-depth survey on recent spectrum sharing (SS) technologies
towards 5G development and recent 5G-enabling technologies. SS techniques are classified, and SS surveys
and related studies on SS techniques relevant to 5G networks are reviewed. The surveys and studies are
categorised into one of the main SS techniques on the basis of network architecture, spectrum allocation
behaviour and spectrum access method. Moreover, a detailed survey on cognitive radio (CR) technology
in SS related to 5G implementation is performed. For a complete survey, discussions are conducted on the
issues and challenges in the current implementation of SS and CR, and the means to support efficient 5G
advancement are provided.
INDEX TERMS 5G, new radio, spectrum sharing, spectrum efficiency, cognitive radio, enabling
technologies.
I. INTRODUCTION
5G is the next-generation mobile communication technol-
ogy designed to provide greater capacity and higher data
speeds than the previous generation Long Term Evolution
(LTE). 5G technology, which is expected to be realised
by 2020 [1], [2], promises ultra-low latency and ultra-
high reliability, thus enabling innovative services across
different industry sectors [3]. 5G standards are currently
under development and will include the evolution of exist-
ing LTE and 5G New Radio (N ...
A study of 5 g network structural design, challenges and promising technologi...IJARIIT
In the near prospect, beyond 4G has the major objectives or difficulty that need to be addressed are improved
capacity, better data rate, decreased latency, and enhanced quality of service. To meet these demands, radical improvements
need to be made in cellular network architecture. This paper presents the consequences of a detailed study on the fifth
generation (5G) cellular network structural design, challenges and some of the solution for promising technologies that are
supportive in improving the structural design and gathering the demands of users. In this comprehensive review focuses 5G
cellular network architecture, huge various input many output technologies, and device-to-device communication (D2D). Next,
to with this, some of the promising technologies that are addressed in this paper include intrusion supervision, variety sharing
with cognitive radio, ultra-dense networks, multi-radio access technology organization, full duplex radios, and millimeter wave
solutions for 5G cellular networks. In this paper, a universal possible 5G cellular set of connections architecture is proposed,
which shows that D2D, small cell access points, network cloud, and the Internet of Things can be a part of 5G cellular network
architecture. A comprehensive study is integrated concerning present research projects being conducted in different countries
by research groups and institutions that are working on 5G technologies. Finally, this paper describes cloud technologies for 5G radio access networks and software defined networks.
International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN)ijwmn
The International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Wireless & Mobile Networks. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Wireless & Mobile Networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced wireless & mobile networking concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Learn the steps to turn ideas into prototypes effectively.
Why to follow the steps?
- Efficiently transforms abstract concepts into tangible prototypes.
- Provides a solid platform to build products and launch in the market.
- Enhances the probability of high success in a short span of time.
- Attract investors and stakeholders.
- Saves time, money, and resources.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
ONLINE TEACHING FOR MOBILE EDUCATION 2021
22-25 November 2021 at SPAIN
Organised by
ErasmusX
Supported by
MIT Square, London
Hosted by the University of Alcala, UAH, Spain.
Authors: Dr K. Raja, Dr Shiny, Prof Kavitha, Prof Sushila and Dr Mithileysh.
The poster presentation was successfully completed.
OBJECTIVES:
To understand the importance of publication and its challenges.
To increase the visibility and accessibility of published papers.
To increase the chance of getting publications cited.
To disseminate the publication by using “Research Tools” effectively.
To increase the chance of research collaboration.
Extended Microteaching (XMT) - Innovative Teaching Pedagogies for the New Normal Education System in India
Presented at the IEEE International Conference of E-learning, Bahrain.
The Institution's Innovation Council (Ministry of HRD initiative) and the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE) invited me to grace "World Telecommunication & Information Society Day" on 18 May 2020.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
1. 6G Communication:
what new networking and connectivity promises ?
Dr Mithileysh Sathiyanarayanan
Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
1
2. 6G- what new networking and connectivity promises ?
6G Goals
Roadmap to 2030
Architectural aspects
Networking and connectivity features
KPIs, Spectrum, physical layer
Network and connectivity research challenges
Note: The 6G concepts, architectures and technologies are still open research issues. This panel position will present a
summary of some 6G trends related to network and connectivity advances w.r.t. 5G, compiled from publicly available
research papers and documents (see References)
Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
Panellist Position
2
3. Historical and estimated 1G ..6G evolution
Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
3
6G networking and connectivity
Source: M. Giordani, et al., "Toward 6G Networks:Use Cases and Technologies", IEEE Communications Magazine , March 2020
4. Why 6G?
•Today- 5G is a strong technology intensively developed; however it has limitations w.r.t. future needs
• 6G Vision for 2030: the society will be data driven, served by near instant, unlimited wireless connectivity
• 6G goals:
• meet novel network demands (e.g., ultra-high reliability, high capacity and efficiency, and low latency) in a holistic
fashion, answering the new needs of economic, social, technological, and environmental context of the 2030 era
• integration of the space, aerial, terrestrial, and maritime communications into a robust network
• large range of applications and services:
• AR/VR, Holographic tele-presence (teleportation), eHealth, pervasive connectivity, Industry 4.0 and robotics,
unmanned mobility, new devices replacing smart phones
• Telepresence -high resolution imaging and sensing, wearable displays, mobile robots and drones, specialized
processors, distributed AI, haptic communication
• Autonomous connected vehicles , massive URLLC (mURLLC), human-centric services, bio-Internet of things (B-
IoT), nano-Internet of things (N-IoT), mobile broadband reliable and low-latency communication
• Open research issues related to 6G networking and connectivity :
- what candidate architecture and technologies : lower layer (physical, L2, L3 ) and also higher layers?
Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
.
6G networking and connectivity
4
5. 3GPP viewpoint : Roadmap to 2030 ; SEVO, MEVO, LEVO, 6G – Short, medium, long term evolution , 6G
Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
5
6G networking and connectivity
Source: A. Mourad et al., "A Baseline Roadmap for Advanced Wireless Research Beyond 5G“, Electronics 2020, 9, 351; doi:10.3390/electronics9020351
www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics
AI – Artificial Intelligence
C-Plane – Control Plane
KPI- Key Performance
Indicators
Li-Fi -Light Fidelity
NR- 5G New Radio
NPN-5G Non-Public Network
NTNs - Non-Terrestrial
Networks
ML – Machine Learning
PHY- Physical Layer
RAN – Radio Access Network
UE- User Equipment
U-Plane - User Plane
URLLC- Ultra Reliable Low
Latency Communication
V2X – Vehicle to Everything
6. Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
6G networking and connectivity
6
Source: M. Giordani, et al., "Toward 6G Networks:Use Cases and Technologies", IEEE Communications Magazine , March 2020
6G proposes significant
innovative architectures
versus 5G
6G Architectural innovative aspects
7. Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
6G networking and
connectivity
7
NexComm Congress 18-22 April 2021, Porto, Portugal
Source: T.Huang, et al., "A Survey on Green 6G Network: Architecture and Technologies", IEEE Access,
VOLUME 7, 2019, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8922617
Integrated Space Aerial,
Terrestrial and Undersea
Network
Ubiquituous 3d coverage
LEO- Low Earth Orbit
MEO- Medium Earth Orbit
GEO- Geostationary Earth Orbit
HAP- High Altitude Platforms
UAV- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Source: 6G FlagShip, "WHITE PAPER ON BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY
IN 6G“, 6G Research Visions, No. 10 June 2020, Univ. of Oulu
8. Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
6G networking and connectivity
8
• Novel 6G networking technologies
• Nanonetworking
• N-IoT is based on molecular communication; Different materials, such as graphene and meta materials can be
used to build nanometer-range devices
• physical design for molecular communication is a challenging task
• Bionetworking
• B-IoT using biological cells are used for communication using IoT
• Novel routing schemes to be developed for B-IoT and N-IoT compared with traditional IoT
• Efficient nano-devices and bio-devices must be developed for N-IoT and B-IoT
• Optical networking
• 3D networking
• drone-based user devices and drone-based base stations to enable communication networks
• novel models ( including routing) must be devised for a 3D network ( it is substantially different compared with
a 2D network)
9. 5G, 5G SEVO, 5G MEVO, 5G LEVO, 6G comparison
Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
6G networking and connectivity
9
Source: A. Mourad et al., "A Baseline Roadmap for Advanced Wireless Research Beyond 5G“,
Electronics 2020, 9, 351; doi:10.3390/electronics9020351 www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics
Source: Y.Zhao, et al., A Comprehensive Survey of 6G Wireless Communications
INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, 2020, arXiv:2101.12475v1 [cs.NI] 29 Jan 2021
10. KPIs for some use
cases – comparison
5G/6G
- significant
improvements with
respect to 5G
Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
6G networking and connectivity
10
Source: M. Giordani, et al., "Toward 6G Networks:Use Cases and Technologies", IEEE Communications Magazine , March 2020
11. 6G Spectrum, physical layer features
• 5G : sub-6 GHz and 24.25 to 52.6 GHz
• 6G: expansion to potential new bands from
low-bands to low THz and visible light region
Enablers at the Infrastructure Level
• Ultra-Massive MIMO and Holographic Radio
• Beamforming beyond the Beam-Space
Paradigm
• Holographic Radio
• Intelligent Reacting Surfaces
• User-Centric and Scalable Cell-Free
Networking
• Integrated
• Access and Backhaul
• Space and Terrestrial Networks
• Broadcast and Multicast Networks
Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
.
11
Source: N.Rajatheva et al., "White Paper on Broadband Connectivity in 6G- Research Visions",
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.14247.pdf
Potential spectrum
regions for 6G.
6G networking and connectivity
12. Increased hardware complexity
Low power circuits with high-performance processing capabilities
Intelligent wireless energy harvesting
Seamless coexistence of multiple RATs, AI-based adaptive transceivers
Dynamic radio resource allocation
Pre-emptive scheduling in massive connectivity
Security and Privacy- distributed models
Flexible network slicing
Intelligent cell-less architecture
Integration of space, air, terrestrial and maritime communications
AI-based management and control
Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
.
12
6G networking and connectivity – some research challenges
13. THANK YOU !
Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
13
14. References
1. M. Giordani,et al., "Toward 6G Networks:Use Cases and Technologies", IEEE Communications Magazine, March 2020
2. A. Mourad et al., "A Baseline Roadmap for Advanced Wireless Research Beyond 5G“, Electronics 2020, 9, 351; doi:10.3390/electronics9020351
www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics
3. N.Rajatheva et al., "White Paper on Broadband Connectivity in 6G- Research Visions", https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.14247.pdf
4. T.Huang, et al., "A Survey on Green 6G Network: Architecture and Technologies", IEEE Access, VOLUME 7, 2019,
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8922617
5. Y.Zhao, et al., A Comprehensive Survey of 6G Wireless Communications INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL, 2020, arXiv:2101.12475v1 [cs.NI] 29 Jan 2021
6. Matti Latva-aho, Kari Leppänen, "KEY DRIVERSAND RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR 6G UBIQUITOUS WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE", 2019,
http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/isbn9789526223544.pdf
7. M.H. Alsharif et al., "Sixth Generation (6G)Wireless Networks:Vision, Research Activities, Challenges and Potential Solutions",
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/676
8. K.B. Letaief, et al., "The Roadmap to 6G:AI Empowered Wireless Networks", IEEE Communications Magazine , August 2019
9. B.Aazhang, P.Ahokangas, et al., "Key drivers and research challenges for 6G ubiquitous wireless intelligence (white paper)",
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336000008_Key_drivers_and_research_challenges_for_6G_ubiquitous_wireless_intelligence_white_paper
Panel
Communications beyond the Thinking
(spatial, terrestrial, speed, 5G/6G, streaming, high data processing, protocols, etc.)
Panelist Position
14