The document defines communication and describes the basic process of communication. Communication is defined as the exchange of information, ideas, and attitudes between people. The key components of the communication process are the sender, message, medium, receiver, encoding, decoding, feedback, and noise. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message and transmitting it through a medium to the receiver for decoding and providing feedback. Effective communication leads to understanding between the sender and receiver. The document also discusses internal communication within an organization, including upward, downward, and horizontal communication, as well as external communication outside the organization.

1. Design and Process of
Communication

2. COMMUNICATION
The word ‘communication’ is derived from a ‘Latin’
word communis, which means common.
It is a process of exchanging facts and ideas.

3. Definition of communication ?
Communication is an art of transmitting information, ideas
and attitudes from one person to another. Communication
is the process of meaningful interaction among human
beings.
It means act or process of giving and exchanging of
information, signals, or messages as by talks, gestures, or
writing.

4. Communication Process

5. What is communication process?
“Transmission of a message from a sender to a
receiver in an understandable manner.”
 The communication process is a guide toward realizing effective
communication.
 Effective communication leads to understanding.

6. COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
 Sender
 Message
 Medium or channel
 Receiver
 Feedback

7. How Communication process works

8. Message
Message is a key idea that the sender wants to communicate. It is a
sign that elicits the response of recipient. Communication process
begins with deciding about the message to be conveyed. It must be
ensured that the main objective of the message is clear.

9. Message Types
 Verbal messages is an exchange of information using
words including both spoken and written words.
 Non-Verbal messages is an exchange of information using
gesture, facial expression, posture
eye contact, sound. Touch etc.

10. Sender / Encoder
Sender / Encoder is a person who sends the message. A sender makes
use of symbols (words or graphic or visual aids) to convey the message
and produce the required response.
For instance - a training manager conducting training for new batch of
employees. Sender may be an individual or a group or an organization.
The views, background, approach, skills, competencies, and knowledge
of the sender have a great impact on the message.

11. Encoding
Encoding is the process where the information you would like to
communicate gets transferred into a form to be sent and decoded by
the receiver.

12. Channel or Medium
 Channels are the way you convey your message. These channels include
verbal such as telephone, face-to-face conversations and written letter.
On the other hand non-verbal includes face expressions, gestures,
touch etc.
 For instance -Written medium is chosen when a message has to be conveyed
to a small group of people, while an oral medium is chosen when spontaneous
feedback is required from the recipient as misunderstandings are cleared then
and there.

13. Decoding
Decoding is on the receiving end of communication. This stage is just as
important as encoding. Communication can go downhill at this stage if
the receiver is not practicing active listening skills or if they do not
possess enough information to accurately decode the message

14. Receiver
Receiver is a person for whom the message is intended or aimed. The
degree to which the decoder understands the message is dependent
upon various factors such as knowledge of recipient, their
responsiveness to the message, and the reliance of encoder on
decoder.

15. Feedback
Feedback is the main component of communication process as it
permits the sender to analyze the efficacy of the message. It helps the
sender in confirming the correct interpretation of message by the
decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through words) or non-verbal (in
form of smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take written form also in form of
memos, reports, etc.

16. Noise
Noise is anything that interferes with or distorts the Message being
transformed. Noise can be external in the environment (such as
distractions) or it can be within the Receiver. For example, the Receiver
may be highly nervous and unable to pay attention to the Message.
Noise can even occur within the Sender: the Sender may be unwilling to
take the time to convey an accurate Message or the words she chooses
can be ambiguous and prone to misinterpretation.

17. Communication Design

18. Design Components
 Internal
 Vertical Upward
 Vertical Downward
 Horizontal
 External

19. Internal Communication
An exchange of information within an organization is called Internal
communication. It takes place at different levels upward, downward,
horizontal.

20. Upward Communication

21. Downward Communication

22. Horizontal

23. External Communication
Communication that takes place outside the organization is called
External Communication. For instance communication to
customers, suppliers, shareholders, courts, media etc .

24. External Communication