Finite electrical battery life is encouraging the companies and researchers to come up with new ideas and technologies to drive wireless mobile devices for an infinite or enhance period of time. Common resource constrained wireless devices when they run out of battery they should be recharged. For that purpose main supply & charger are needed to charge drained mobile phone batteries or any portable devices. Practically it is not possible to carry charger wherever we go and also to expect availability of power supply everywhere. To avoid such disadvantages some sort of solution should be given and that can be wireless charging of mobile phones.[4] If the mobile can receive RF power signals from the mobile towers, why can’t we extract the power from the received signals? This can be done by the method or technology called RF energy harvesting. RF energy harvesting holds a promise able future for generating a small amount of electrical power to drive partial circuits in wirelessly communicating electronics devices. RF power harvesting is one of the diverse fields where still research continues. The energy of RF waves used by devices can be harvested and used to operate in more effective and efficient way.
These slides present the introduction to FACTS devices. Later we will discuss about its modelling and control aspect applications. This comes under the topic on power electronics application in smart and microgrid systems.
RF Energy Harvesting for Wireless DevicesIJERD Editor
Radio Frequency (RF) energy transfer and harvesting techniques have recently become alternative methods to empower the next generation wireless networks. As this emerging technology enables proactive energy replenishment of wireless devices, it is advantageous in supporting applications with quality of service requirements. In this paper, some wireless power transfer methods, RF energy harvesting networks, various receiver architectures and existing applications are presented. Finally, some open research directions are envisioned.
These slides present the introduction to FACTS devices. Later we will discuss about its modelling and control aspect applications. This comes under the topic on power electronics application in smart and microgrid systems.
RF Energy Harvesting for Wireless DevicesIJERD Editor
Radio Frequency (RF) energy transfer and harvesting techniques have recently become alternative methods to empower the next generation wireless networks. As this emerging technology enables proactive energy replenishment of wireless devices, it is advantageous in supporting applications with quality of service requirements. In this paper, some wireless power transfer methods, RF energy harvesting networks, various receiver architectures and existing applications are presented. Finally, some open research directions are envisioned.
DSTATCOM IS USED IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TO IMPROVE POWER QUALITY LIKE PF CORRECTION,VOLTAGE SAG OR SWELL,HARMONICS ELEMINATION,ETC.VARIOUS CONTROL STRATEGY COMPARISION FOR DSTATCOM.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DSTATCOM.APPLICATION OF STASTCOM IN INDIA.
Phasor measurement unit and it's application pptKhurshid Parwez
The effective operation of power systems in the present and the future depends to a large extent on how well the emerging challenges are met today. Power systems continue to be stressed as they are operated in many instances at or near their full capacities. In order to keep power systems operating in secure and economic conditions, it is necessary to further improve power system protection and control system. Phasor measurement unit (PMUs), introduced into power system as a useful tool for monitoring the performance of power system, has been proved its value in the extensive applications of electric power system. In response, a research program that is specifically aimed at using PMU to improve the power system protection and control. To ensure that the proposed research program is responsive to particular industry needs in this area, and participants of the workshop identified two major research areas in which technological and institutional solutions are needed: 1) PMU implementation, 2) PMU applications. It’s recommends research, design, and development (RD&D) projects in this report. The objective of these projects is to improve the reliability of local and wide transmission grid by enabling and enhancing the system protection and control schemes by using PMU measurement data, reduce the economic burden of utilizes to implement PMUs.
The phasor measurement unit (PMU) which is actually a key tool in providing situational awareness, operation and reliability of the power system network.
This ppt is about Smart Antenna which includes history, Introduction, Working of smart antenna and where this smart antennas can be used.This ppt also tells about the types of smart antenna and the main principle of working of smart antenna. Smart antennas mainly categorized as Adaptive and switched beam array.Among these two adaptive antenna is used for the efficient utilisation of frequency spectrum.
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
These slides are all about Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). An introduction to PMU is presented as a preliminary knowledge for the course 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Your valuable suggestions are welcome.
The modern-day power grid aims at providing reliable and quality power, which requires careful monitoring of the power grid against catastrophic faults.
Therefore one promising way is to provide the system a wide protection and control named as “Wide Area Measurement and Control System” /PMU is required.
Design and Analysis of DC-DC Bidirectional Converter for Vehicle to Grid Appl...PranayJagtap5
Aim of the Project:
The project aims to design and analysis of bidirectional dc-dc converter for vehicle-to-grid application in Electric Vehicles. The proposed converter can boost the voltage of an energy-storage system (e.g. from battery management system in EV) to a high-voltage AC bus for a particular load demand, during peak load conditions. When the high-voltage AC bus has excess energy, during low load conditions, this energy-storage module can be charged by the AC bus via inverter & bidirectional dc-dc converter.
Problem Statement:
A DC-DC converter is essential for exchanging energy between a storage device and the rest of the system and vise-versa. Such a converter should be able to handle bidirectional power flow capability in all the operating modes with flexible control. Thus, design and analysis of bidirectional DC-DC converters is an important aspect.
Bidirectional DC-DC Converter:
Bidirectional DC-to-DC converter allows power flow in both forward and reverses direction. The bidirectional converter is also called two quadrant converter or four-quadrant converters (if both voltage and current can change direction). It is used as a key device for interfacing the storage device between source and load in renewable energy systems for continuous flow of power because the output of the renewable energy system fluctuates due to changing weather conditions.
There are two modes in a bidirectional converter that is the buck converter and the boost converter. In the buck mode, auxiliary storage is located on the high voltage side whereas, in boost mode, it is situated on the low voltage side.
Introduction to Electric Vehicle & Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G):
Electric Vehicle is an automobile that operates on two or more electric motors powered by a battery pack or combined system of the battery pack and IC engine. There are four types of EVs, as each of them has advantages and disadvantages, they all save fuel and emit fewer GHG than other conventional IC engines. They can also recharge their batteries by the process of regenerative braking, where the electric motor in the EV assists in slowing down the EV and simultaneously recovers portion energy and feeds it to the batteries.
Four types of EVs are as follows:
(1) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
(2) Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
(3) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
(4) Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REEV)
V2G technology can be defined as a system capable enough to control bi-directional flow of electric energy between a vehicle and the electrical grid. The integration of electric vehicles into the power grid is called the vehicle-to-grid system. As conventional converters are unidirectional, they only work in G2V (Grid-to-Vehicle) mode. In V2G technology the grid is feed by the energy stored in the vehicle battery through the bidirectional converter, where power from the vehicle battery is stepped-up by the BDC.
DSTATCOM IS USED IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TO IMPROVE POWER QUALITY LIKE PF CORRECTION,VOLTAGE SAG OR SWELL,HARMONICS ELEMINATION,ETC.VARIOUS CONTROL STRATEGY COMPARISION FOR DSTATCOM.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DSTATCOM.APPLICATION OF STASTCOM IN INDIA.
Phasor measurement unit and it's application pptKhurshid Parwez
The effective operation of power systems in the present and the future depends to a large extent on how well the emerging challenges are met today. Power systems continue to be stressed as they are operated in many instances at or near their full capacities. In order to keep power systems operating in secure and economic conditions, it is necessary to further improve power system protection and control system. Phasor measurement unit (PMUs), introduced into power system as a useful tool for monitoring the performance of power system, has been proved its value in the extensive applications of electric power system. In response, a research program that is specifically aimed at using PMU to improve the power system protection and control. To ensure that the proposed research program is responsive to particular industry needs in this area, and participants of the workshop identified two major research areas in which technological and institutional solutions are needed: 1) PMU implementation, 2) PMU applications. It’s recommends research, design, and development (RD&D) projects in this report. The objective of these projects is to improve the reliability of local and wide transmission grid by enabling and enhancing the system protection and control schemes by using PMU measurement data, reduce the economic burden of utilizes to implement PMUs.
The phasor measurement unit (PMU) which is actually a key tool in providing situational awareness, operation and reliability of the power system network.
This ppt is about Smart Antenna which includes history, Introduction, Working of smart antenna and where this smart antennas can be used.This ppt also tells about the types of smart antenna and the main principle of working of smart antenna. Smart antennas mainly categorized as Adaptive and switched beam array.Among these two adaptive antenna is used for the efficient utilisation of frequency spectrum.
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
These slides are all about Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). An introduction to PMU is presented as a preliminary knowledge for the course 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Your valuable suggestions are welcome.
The modern-day power grid aims at providing reliable and quality power, which requires careful monitoring of the power grid against catastrophic faults.
Therefore one promising way is to provide the system a wide protection and control named as “Wide Area Measurement and Control System” /PMU is required.
Design and Analysis of DC-DC Bidirectional Converter for Vehicle to Grid Appl...PranayJagtap5
Aim of the Project:
The project aims to design and analysis of bidirectional dc-dc converter for vehicle-to-grid application in Electric Vehicles. The proposed converter can boost the voltage of an energy-storage system (e.g. from battery management system in EV) to a high-voltage AC bus for a particular load demand, during peak load conditions. When the high-voltage AC bus has excess energy, during low load conditions, this energy-storage module can be charged by the AC bus via inverter & bidirectional dc-dc converter.
Problem Statement:
A DC-DC converter is essential for exchanging energy between a storage device and the rest of the system and vise-versa. Such a converter should be able to handle bidirectional power flow capability in all the operating modes with flexible control. Thus, design and analysis of bidirectional DC-DC converters is an important aspect.
Bidirectional DC-DC Converter:
Bidirectional DC-to-DC converter allows power flow in both forward and reverses direction. The bidirectional converter is also called two quadrant converter or four-quadrant converters (if both voltage and current can change direction). It is used as a key device for interfacing the storage device between source and load in renewable energy systems for continuous flow of power because the output of the renewable energy system fluctuates due to changing weather conditions.
There are two modes in a bidirectional converter that is the buck converter and the boost converter. In the buck mode, auxiliary storage is located on the high voltage side whereas, in boost mode, it is situated on the low voltage side.
Introduction to Electric Vehicle & Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G):
Electric Vehicle is an automobile that operates on two or more electric motors powered by a battery pack or combined system of the battery pack and IC engine. There are four types of EVs, as each of them has advantages and disadvantages, they all save fuel and emit fewer GHG than other conventional IC engines. They can also recharge their batteries by the process of regenerative braking, where the electric motor in the EV assists in slowing down the EV and simultaneously recovers portion energy and feeds it to the batteries.
Four types of EVs are as follows:
(1) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
(2) Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
(3) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
(4) Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REEV)
V2G technology can be defined as a system capable enough to control bi-directional flow of electric energy between a vehicle and the electrical grid. The integration of electric vehicles into the power grid is called the vehicle-to-grid system. As conventional converters are unidirectional, they only work in G2V (Grid-to-Vehicle) mode. In V2G technology the grid is feed by the energy stored in the vehicle battery through the bidirectional converter, where power from the vehicle battery is stepped-up by the BDC.
SimpleLink Battery-less wireless switch:
1. Package includes: 1 switch(1/2/4 gang) + 1 receiver
2. Usings 'Energy harvesting' technology('Self-powered'), eco-friendy and energy saving.
3. It is based on RF( radio frequency), its distance can be up to 20~30m indoor.
4. The life of the switch button is up to 200,000 times.
5. Applications: Smart homes, offices, hospitals, hotels, shopping malls.
This technology lets Internet connectivity to RF powered devices.Rf powered devices are those devices which charge their batteries from surrounding Radio Frequency signals present. These devices can communicate with other devices using backscatter technique.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS ALGORITHMS USING DISTRIBUTE...Journal For Research
Analysis on Social Networking sites such as Facebook, Flickr and Twitter has long been a trending topic of fascination for data analysts, researchers and enthusiasts in the recent years to maximize the value of knowledge acquired from processing and analysis of the data. Apache Spark is an Open-source data-parallel computation engine that offers faster solutions compared to traditional Map-Reduce engines such as Apache Hadoop. This paper discusses the performance evaluation of Apache Spark for analyzing social network data. The performance of analysis varies significantly based on the algorithms being implemented. This is the reason to what makes this analysis worthwhile of evaluation with respect to their versatility and diverse nature in the dynamic field of Social Network Analysis. We compare performance of Apache Spark by evaluating the performance using various algorithms (PageRank, Connected Components, Counting Triangle, K-Means and Cosine Similarity) making efficient use of the Spark cluster.
UHF/VHFEnergy Harvesting Radio System Physical and MAC Layer Considerationxiaohuzhang
This is my defence slides. There are three parts been talked :
(1) Background and challenges on wireless sensor networks and nodes;
(2) Solutions for the challenges of wireless sensor nodes;
(3) Summary and future research directions.
July 2012
You will hear about a device developed at LLNL that creates a new mechanism for energy harvesting. Harvesting electrical energy from chemical molecules enables a host of application areas.
Design and validation of piezoelectric energy harvesting systemsIlyas Caluwé
The aim of this study is to examine how small amounts of ambient energy, such as in vibrations or wind flow, can be converted to electrical energy and to build a working design.
The different energy harvesting principles found in literature are studied first. Piezoelectric energy harvesting was found suitable for both energy harvesting out of ambient vibrations and wind flow. A cantilevered beam setup with a piezopatch (MFC patch) is chosen because it has good power conversion characteristics, it is robust and versatile. Both vibration and wind flow harvesting devices can be constructed with this setup.
Vibration harvesting setups were constructed with both a commercially available bimorph piezoceramic harvester and with an unimorph harvester consisting of a stainless steel plate and a composite-reinforced piezoceramic patch attached to it. The power output is reported. The parameters that are of importance to optimize the setup are discussed.
The possibilities to use the beam for wind flow harvesting were explored. Different aeroelastic phenomena were studied to give insight into possible working principles. A number of designs are proposed and some are tested using the stainless steel plate with the MFC patch. The possibility of using aeroelastic stability to harvest energy is shown, and suggestions for further improvements are given.
These slides use ideas from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze when wireless charging might become economically feasible and the types of technological changes that impact on the timing of this economic feasibility. The slides show how the falling cost of power electronics, increases in the efficiency of wireless charging, and the rising demand for mobile phone usage are rapidly improving the economic feasibility of wireless charging. In particular, as the efficiencies of wireless charging over several meter distances improve, it is likely that wireless hot-spots can be used to charge phones, in addition to downloading data.
It is the motivation of this paper to converse the first step toward realizing this goal. A system will be offered using existing antenna and RFID technology to charge a mobile phone battery without using wires. In this first step, it will use a standard phones, and combine the charging technology into a commercially available base station. The base station will contain an antenna tuned to 915MHz and a charge pump. In this paper to discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of such a system, and hopefully pave the way for a system incorporated into the phone for charging without the use of a base station.
Wireless power transmission via resonance coupling.Xûbåįr Kakar
this slides give you idea about the recent research on Wireless power transmission.
compiled by Muhammad Xubair (BS-Electronic engg) at BUITEMS Quetta Pakistan.
Hysteresis SVM for Coupled Inductor Z Source Diode Clamped 3-Level Inverter B...IAES-IJPEDS
Due to its advantages such as it can defeat problems such as leakage current
and insertion of DC in the grid and provides low stress on power devices,
Diode-clamped three-level inverter (DCTLI) is habitually used in
transformerless photovoltaic (PV) connected to grid network. But it still has
a problem of shoot-through which dwells in its legs, so its operation not
reliable. Z source network is employed to permit operation without shoot
through risk and improve its reliability. Coupled inductors are replaced the
line transformers in to attain lower cost, reduced size, and improved its
reliability and efficiency. Coupled inductor which avoids leakage current
problem and losses. It employs coupled inductor z source diode clamped
three level inverter (CI-Z-DC-TLI) to boost the voltage and further progress
the consistency of the proposed system by avoiding the shoot through the
problem. The proposed system assures that common-mode voltage
and shoot-through risk is avoided. Moreover, controlling DC-TLI with
Hysteresis SVM algorithm which improves output voltage and current
control. Simulation and experimental results of this proposed system were
analyzed using MATLAB environment and FPGA hardware.
This paper presents a high voltage conversion at high sensitivity RF energy harvesting system for IoT applications. The harvesting system comprises bulk-to-source (BTMOS) differential-drive based rectifier to produce a high efficiency RF energy harvesting system. Low-pass upward impedance matching network is applied at the rectifier input to increase the sensitivity and output voltage. Dual-oxide-thickness transistors are used in the rectifier circuit to maintain the power efficiency at each stage of the rectifier. The system is designed using 0.18µm Silterra RF in deep n-well process technology and achieves 4.07V output at -16dBm sensitivity without the need of complex auxiliary control circuit and DC-DC charge-pump circuit. The system is targeted for urban environment.
Architecture of an efficient dual band 1.8/2.5 GHz rectenna for RF energy har...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a highly efficient rectenna of RF energy harvesting systems operating at
1.8 GHz and 2.5 GHz bands for battery-less sensor application. The antenna is design by CST-MWS.
The Schottky diode used for rectifying circuit is HSMS 286B in which designed by Agilent ADS. The key
finding of the paper is that the simulated DC output voltage of the rectenna is 1.35 V for low input power of
-25 dBm at a high resistance load of 1M Ω. Correspondingly, the RF-DC conversion efficiency of
the rectification process is 59.51% and 45.75% at 1.8 GHz and 2.5 GHz, which are high efficiency and much
better compared to literature respectively. The rectenna is capable to produce 1.8 V from an input power of
-20 dBm. Thus, the proposed RF energy harvesting system offers a promising solution designed for efficient
functionality at a low power level of RF energy in the dual band.
“Microcontroller Based Substation Monitoring system with gsm modem”.Priya Rachakonda
• The system is used for transmitting the message to predefined number about the
status of electrical parameters such as voltage, current, temperature etc., to improve
the quality of power.
• Studied about the protection, monitoring and control of a power system.
Designing an Antenna System That Can Perform Conditional RF to DC Harnessing ...IOSRJECE
Electromagnetic energy or RF energy will play a pivotal role in wireless technology and wireless communication in the impending future. The paper proposes a concept for a patch antenna based system that can harness RF energy upon triggering and can convert the harnessed RF to DC from the radio frequency of 1 GHz to 3 GHz, the design frequency is 2.4GHz. The patch antenna system contains a high gain patch antenna along with a wireless communicating module and a conversion circuit. The return loss of the antenna is approximately 27.1dB. The power gain is 30.1 dBm .The converter circuit is designed in), Multi-Sim to get an output voltage of around 5V that can be used to power a mobile-device or maybe stored in a battery. The triggering part is done with the help of a T-mote which is simulated in a network simulator, Cooja. The patch antenna is simulated in High Frequency Structural Simulator
Today we live in a fast changing world. In present modern era power is very important role in our live system. The purpose of this paper practically implement concept of power transmission without wire. Wireless Power Transmission through inductive coupling is one of the new emerging technologies that will bring tremendous change in human life. Wireless power transfer is one of the simplest and inexpensive ways of charging as it eliminate the use of conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. Using inductive coupling concept an alternating current in transmitter coil generates a magnetic field which induces a voltage in the receiver coil. This voltage can be used to power a mobile device or charge a battery etc. Mrs. Jothy Mary Saji "Review Paper on Wireless Power Transfer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd58616.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/58616/review-paper-on-wireless-power-transfer/mrs-jothy-mary-saji
Wireless Energy Harvesting to Charge Cell phone Batteriesidescitation
he research deals with the charging of cellphones
wirelessly using various techniques. A voltage doubler circuit
assembled with a “more” efficient circuit definitely makes
this project a brighter innovation.
A new design of a microstrip rectenna at 5.8 GHz for wireless power transmiss...IJECEIAES
Due to the ever-increasing power demand, the need of electricity and eco-friendly power in every nook and corner of the world, many reaserch topics have been devoted to deal with this problematic. This paper is taking part of the proposed solutions with the presentation of a novel 5.8 GHz rectenna system for wireless power transmission applications. In one hand, a miniaturized 5.8 GHz circular polarized patch antenna has been designed and simulated by using the Advanced Design System (ADS). In the other hand, a rectifier structure has been investigated and optimized by the use of the Harmonic Balance method available in ADS. The circuit is based on 5 HSMS2820 Schottky diodes implemented in a voltage multiplier topology and a load resistance of 1 KOhm. Both of the structures have been validated by simulation and experimental results and good agreement has been concluded.
The wireless Power Transmission is a useful and proper technology is used in various fields like electronic devices, implantable medical devices, industry and other fields, and has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. Because it enables the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load across an air gap without interconnecting wires. This paper reviews the methods used in the wireless power transmission system, recent technologies, future and its application, merits as well as demerits. Mrs. Yogita Shailesh Kadam "Wireless Power Transmission System- A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57380.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/57380/wireless-power-transmission-system-a-review/mrs-yogita-shailesh-kadam
Integrated cmos rectifier for rf-powered wireless sensor network nodesjournalBEEI
This article presents a review of the CMOS rectifier for radio frequency energy harvesting application. The on-chip rectifier converts the ambient low-power radio frequency signal coming to antenna to useable DC voltage that recharges energy to wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes and radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags, therefore the rectifier is the most important part of the radio frequency energy harvesting system. The impedance matching network maximizes power transfer from antenna to rectifier. The design and comparison between the simulation results of one- and multi-stage differential drive cross connected rectifier (DDCCR) at the operating frequencies of 2.44GHz, and 28GHz show the output voltage of the multi-stage rectifier doubles at each added stage and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of rectifier at 2.44GHz was higher than 28GHz. The (DDCCR) rectifier is the most efficient rectifier topology to date and is used widely for passive WSN nodes and RFID tags.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires.
Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically such as pace makers (An electronic device that works in place of a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on a battery.
The patient is required to be operated every year to replace the battery. This project is designed to charge a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the purpose. Since charging of the battery is not possible to be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that runs through wireless power.
This project is built upon using an electronic circuit which converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency. The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as primary of an air core transformer. The secondary coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt.
Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary(transmitter) to the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance(say 3cm). Therefore the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the secondary receives the power to run load.
Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to charge a mobile phone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And also this kind of charging provides a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanically isolated.
Similar to DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF RF ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM FOR CHARGING LOW POWER DEVICES (20)
Design and Analysis of Hydraulic Actuator in a Typical Aerospace vehicle | J4...Journal For Research
An Aerospace Vehicle is capable of flight both within and outside the sensible atmosphere. An Actuation System is one of the most important Systems of an Aerospace vehicle. This paper study involves detailed study of various controls Actuation System and Design of a typical Hydraulic Actuation Systems. An actuator control system concerned with electrical, electronic or electro mechanical. Actuator control systems may take the form of extremely simple, manually-operated start-and-stop stations, or sophisticated, programmable computer systems. Hydraulic Actuation System contains Electro Hydraulic Actuators, Servo Valves, Feedback Sensing elements, Pump Motor package, Hydraulic Reservoir, Accumulator, various safety valves, Filters etc. The main objective of this study involves design of Hydraulic Actuator and selection of various other components for the Actuation Systems of an Aerospace Vehicle. Design of the system includes design of Hydraulic actuator and also the Modeling and Analysis of actuator using sophisticated Software.
Experimental Verification and Validation of Stress Distribution of Composite ...Journal For Research
Now a day in all sector weight reduction is most important criteria for lowering the cost & high performance. For weight reduction composite material is good option to solve weight related problems. In this paper we describe analysis of composite glass fibre material with mild steel material comparison. For analysis purpose we can use FEA software. The objective of this paper is compare things like different loading conditions stress distribution etc.
Image Binarization for the uses of Preprocessing to Detect Brain Abnormality ...Journal For Research
Computerized MR of brain image binarization for the uses of preprocessing of features extraction and brain abnormality identification of brain has been described. Binarization is used as intermediate steps of many MR of brain normal and abnormal tissues detection. One of the main problems of MRI binarization is that many pixels of brain part cannot be correctly binarized due to the extensive black background or the large variation in contrast between background and foreground of MRI. Proposed binarization determines a threshold value using mean, variance, standard deviation and entropy followed by a non-gamut enhancement that can overcome the binarization problem. The proposed binarization technique is extensively tested with a variety of MRI and generates good binarization with improved accuracy and reduced error.
A Research Paper on BFO and PSO Based Movie Recommendation System | J4RV4I1016Journal For Research
The objective of this work is to assess the utility of personalized recommendation system (PRS) in the field of movie recommendation using a new model based on neural network classification and hybrid optimization algorithm. We have used advantages of both the evolutionary optimization algorithms which are Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Bacteria foraging optimization (BFO). In its implementation a NN classification model is used to obtain a movie recommendation which predict ratings of movie. Parameters or attributes on which movie ratings are dependent are supplied by user's demographic details and movie content information. The efficiency and accuracy of proposed method is verified by multiple experiments based on the Movie Lens benchmark dataset. Hybrid optimization algorithm selects best attributes from total supplied attributes of recommendation system and gives more accurate rating with less time taken. In present scenario movie database is becoming larger so we need an optimized recommendation system for better performance in terms of time and accuracy.
IoT based Digital Agriculture Monitoring System and Their Impact on Optimal U...Journal For Research
Although precision agriculture has been adopted in few countries, the greenhouse based modern agriculture industry in India still needs to be modernized with the involvement of technology for better production and cost control. In this paper we proposed a multifunction model for smart agriculture based on IoT. Due to variable atmospheric circumstances these conditions sometimes may vary from place to place in large farmhouse, which makes very difficult to maintain the uniform condition at all the places in the farmhouse manually. Soil and environment properties are sensed and periodically sent to cloud network through IoT. Analysis on cloud data is done for water requirement, total production and maintaining uniform environment conditions throughout greenhouse farm. Proposed model is beneficial for increase in agricultural production and for cost control and real time monitoring of farm.
A REVIEW PAPER ON BFO AND PSO BASED MOVIE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM | J4RV4I1015Journal For Research
Recommendation system plays important role in Internet world and used in many applications. It has created the collection of many application, created global village and growth for numerous information. This paper represents the overview of Approaches and techniques generated in recommendation system. Recommendation system is categorized in three classes: Collaborative Filtering, Content based and hybrid based Approach. This paper classifies collaborative filtering in two types: Memory based and Model based Recommendation .The paper elaborates these approaches and their techniques with their limitations. The result of our system provides much better recommendations to users because it enables the users to understand the relation between their emotional states and the recommended movies.
HCI BASED APPLICATION FOR PLAYING COMPUTER GAMES | J4RV4I1014Journal For Research
This paper describes a command interface for games based on hand gestures and voice command defined by postures, movement and location. The system uses computer vision requiring no sensors or markers by the user. In voice command the speech recognizer, recognize the input from the user. It stores and passes command to the game, action takes place. We propose a simple architecture for performing real time colour detection and motion tracking using a webcam. The next step is to track the motion of the specified colours and the resulting actions are given as input commands to the system. We specify blue colour for motion tracking and green colour for mouse pointer. The speech recognition is the process of automatically recognizing a certain word spoken by a particular speaker based on individual information included in speech waves. This application will help in reduction in hardware requirement and can be implemented in other electronic devices also.
A REVIEW ON DESIGN OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN CHANDRAPUR CITY | J4RV4...Journal For Research
As we know the population of Chandrapur City has increased so far in this years and with that has increased the vehicles causing high traffic volume & rise in pollution. But the transportation system in Chandrapur City is still the same. To reduce the traffic volume & pollution, we have to study & design the new transportation system in Chandrapur City. The system would be as similar to Nagpur City with the implementation of Star City Buses. In this Study we would first compare the speed of various vehicles. Collection of population details of Chandrapur City, approximate number of vehicles running on road, collection of data with respect to Ticket fares in Nagpur City- whether it is according to Kilometers or places to be reached, calculation of Ticket Fares for Chandrapur City on the basis data collected. By all these, the best mode of transport in City can be studied. On the basis of above data collected from various respected fields, we will then proceed for the Design part of urban transport system in Chandrapur City. For Design purpose, firstly we have to mark the centre of the City, when the centre is decided; we will then select the Bus Terminus. From centre of the city, we would prefer to select the routes of the Buses. One route will be for the city side like Jatpura Gate, Pathanpura Gate. One route will be for Ballarpur going road. The other one for Mul going road, then next for Nagpur road. We could decide as many routes once we get the clear idea about all data. By getting all this details, the next step is to design the destination points of Buses. Then we have to design about the Bus bays, to reduce congestion in the particular intersections or Stops of bus. After the design also can suggest for Bus lanes. Implementation of Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT system) is the main aim behind to develop transportation mode of City. The design of the Transport System can be designed with the help of various software’s like AutoCAD and Revit.
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Heavy kiln tyre Lifting, rigging and assembly with kiln shell is done manually by use of heavy crane and labour. This traditional technique is not safe. The challenge is find out solution for ease the process and cost effective because of limitations of the rigging system, erection area, can be managed safely by the kiln tyre suspender equipped by jaws and suspender beam. This review paper deals with the study and analysis of different papers which are deals with different lifting, gripping and installation techniques and other aspects analysis with software, experimentation and optimization etc.
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DESIGN ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION OF MANUAL RICE TRANSPLANTING MACHINE | J4RV4I...Journal For Research
Need of rice transplanting machine is growing nowadays because of unique feature seeding in well sequence and well manners. This will save too much efforts of human being. Class of people who uses this kind of machine is farmers and they are having poor economic background. To feed growing population is a huge challenge. Importation of rice will lead to drain out the economy of the country. Mechanization of paddy sector will lead to higher productivity with releasing of work force to other sectors. The objective of this project is to design a paddy transplanting mechanism to transplant paddy seedling by small scale farmers in the country. Hence, this is considered as an activity that needed mechanization. For mechanization the modeling and simulation evaluated for hand operated rice seeding machine, which is help the farmers to planting more and more amount of rice in good quality with low energy consumption and less harm to the environment. India is predominately an agricultural country with rice as one of its main food crop. It Produce about 80 million tons rice annually which is about 22% of the world rice production. Culturally transplanting of young seeding is preferred over direct seeding for better yield and better crop management practice. But this operation requires large amount of manpower (about 400 Man-Hour/ha) and task is very laborious involving working in stopping posture and moving in muddy field.
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DakNet, is an ad hoc network and an internet service planted on the applied science, which uses wireless technology to provide an asynchronous digital connectivity, it is the intermediate of wireless and asynchronous service that is the beginning of a technical way to universal broadband connectivity. The major process is it provides the broadband connectivity as wider. This paper broadly describes about the technology, architecture behind and its working principles.
Line following is one of the most important aspects of Robotics. A Line Follower Robot is an autonomous robot which is able to follow either a black or white line that is drawn on the surface consisting of a contrasting color. It is designed to move automatically and follow the made plot line. The path can be visible like a black line on a white surface or it can be invisible like a magnetic field. It will move in a particular direction Specified by the user and avoids the obstacle which is coming in the path. Autonomous Intelligent Robots are robot that can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance. It is an integrated design from the knowledge of Mechanical, Electrical, and Computer Engineering. LDR sensors based line follower robot design and Fabrication procedure which always direct along the black mark on the white surface. The robot uses several sensors to identify the line thus assisting the bot to stay on the track. The robot is driven by DC motors to control the movements of the wheels.
The project is to ask college related queries and get the responses through a chatbot an Artificial Conversational Entity. This System is a web application which provides answer to the query of the student. Students just have to query through the bot which is used for chatting. Students can chat using any format there is no specific format the user has to follow. This system helps the student to be updated about the college activities.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO REDUCE INTRA CITY TRAFFIC AT COIMBATORE | J4RV4I1002Journal For Research
Coimbatore (11.0168°N,76.9558°E) is a fast developing cosmopolitan city with large number of industries and educational institutions. The development has lead to a large number of vehicles causing heavy traffic. The traffic congestion at Coimbatore has been a major problem which causes traffic jams and accidents. The major reason for traffic has been the mofussil buses that operate in the city. Around 1300 mofussil buses enter into the city, these buses play an important role in traffic congestion. The best solution is to construct a centralized bus stand at the outskirts of the city. This would reduce the traffic, accidents and also leads to development of the outskirts of the city. A suitable location near the city with sufficient road access to connecting cities has been chosen and the bus terminus has been designed, modeled with all facilities and features.
A REVIEW STUDY ON GAS-SOLID CYCLONE SEPARATOR USING LAPPLE MODEL | J4RV4I1001Journal For Research
Cyclone is the most commonly used device to separate dust particles from gas and dust flow. The performance of cyclone separator can be measured in terms of collection efficiency and pressure drop. Parameters like Inlet Flow velocity, the particle size distribution in feed, dimensions of inlet and outlet ducts and cyclone affects the performance of cyclone significantly. Various Mathematical models used for calculation of cut off diameter of separator, flow rate, target efficiency and no. of vortex inside the cyclone to design and study to check the performance of existing cyclone separator. Also new dimensions can be design with help of models. Here, in this study the efficiency achieved with Lapple model cumulatively 86.47%.
During past few years, brain tumor segmentation in CT has become an emergent research area in the field of medical imaging system. Brain tumor detection helps in finding the exact size and location of tumor. An efficient algorithm is proposed in this project for tumor detection based on segmentation and morphological operators. Firstly quality of scanned image is enhanced and then morphological operators are applied to detect the tumor in the scanned image. The problem with biopsy is that the patient has to be hospitalized and also the results (around 15%) give false negative. Scan images are read by radiologist but it's a subjective analysis which requires more experience. In the proposed work we segment the renal region and then classify the tumors as benign or malignant by using ANFIS, which is a non-invasive automated process. This approach reduces the waiting time of the patient.
USE OF GALVANIZED STEELS FOR AUTOMOTIVE BODY- CAR SURVEY RESULTS AT COASTAL A...Journal For Research
An extensive study of automotive body corrosion was conducted in Mumbai area to track corrosion performance of currently used materials of construction for automotive, especially cars with low end cost. The study consisted of a wide range of areas, starting from a closed car parking to several coastal and other humid regions such as Juhu Beach, Varsova beach and other adjoining areas. Data such as visible perforations, paint blisters, and surface rust were seen especially at vulnerable areas such as doors, mudguards, bonnet areas etc. Also, a comparison was done with low cost cars built with normal steel with those built using galvanized steels.
The main objective of our work is to deliver the goods at proper time by an unmanned drone. An Autonomous drone for delivering the goods such as bombs, medical kids, and foods mainly for military uses. This drone was used for dispatching the bombs and armed guns in battle field. And it is also used for delivering the medicines and foods for soldiers in our country borders.
SURVEY ON A MODERN MEDICARE SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS | J4RV3I12024Journal For Research
Since the population of the world is aging rapidly, how to provide appropriate health care to the elderly and unwell people becomes an important issue and draws high attention from medical, academic and industrial fields of the society. The Internet of Things (IoT) drives the evolution of the Internet and is regarded as a great potential to improve quality of life for the surging number of elderly people, significantly. As Android operating system gains immense popularity nowadays, it is a trend to make use of it for the wider access of IoT utility. This project presents a health monitoring system prototype based on IoT, with the increasing use of sensors by medical devices, remote and continuous monitoring of a patient’s health. This network of sensors and other mobile communication devices referred to as the Internet of Things for Medical Devices (IoT-MD), is poised to revolutionize the functioning of the healthcare industry. Untimed medicine administration can always show adverse effects on the health of the patients. The proposed system is designed to help these patients to take the required medicine in the right proportion at the right time. The basic ideology is integrating the principle of IoT with weight-based slot sensing on a normal pillbox. To make it more state-of-the-art, it is inbuilt with a Wi-Fi module for alerting the patient and also the chemist at the needed instant using IoT.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF RF ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM FOR CHARGING LOW POWER DEVICES
1. Journal for Research | Volume 02 | Issue 03 | May 2016
ISSN: 2395-7549
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 119
Design & Analysis of RF Energy Harvesting
System for Energizing Low Power Device
Zeel Trivedi Shailesh D. Gandhi
Sankalchand Patel College of Engineering, Visnagar, India Sankalchand Patel College of Engineering, Visnagar, India
Abstract
Finite electrical battery life is encouraging the companies and researchers to come up with new ideas and technologies to drive
wireless mobile devices for an infinite or enhance period of time. Common resource constrained wireless devices when they run
out of battery they should be recharged. For that purpose main supply & charger are needed to charge drained mobile phone
batteries or any portable devices. Practically it is not possible to carry charger wherever we go and also to expect availability of
power supply everywhere. To avoid such disadvantages some sort of solution should be given and that can be wireless charging
of mobile phones.[4] If the mobile can receive RF power signals from the mobile towers, why can‟t we extract the power from
the received signals? This can be done by the method or technology called RF energy harvesting. RF energy harvesting holds a
promise able future for generating a small amount of electrical power to drive partial circuits in wirelessly communicating
electronics devices. RF power harvesting is one of the diverse fields where still research continues. The energy of RF waves used
by devices can be harvested and used to operate in more effective and efficient way.
Keywords: Rectangular patch antenna, 7 stage voltage multiplier, Schottky Diode
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Energy harvesting has been around for centuries in the form of windmills, watermills and passive solar power systems. In recent
decades, technologies such as wind turbines, hydroelectric generators and solar panels have turned harvesting into a small but
growing contributor to the world‟s energy needs. This technology offers two significant advantages over battery powered
solutions, virtually inexhaustible sources and little or no adverse environmental effects. Recently, the availability of the free RF
energy has increased due to advent of wireless communication and broadcasting systems [3]. Wireless power transmission
technology via microwave was advanced from 1960‟s.
Until this time, the electrical power generated by RF energy harvesting techniques is small; depending on techniques it is
enough to drive low power consumption devices. Therefore, it is possible to increase the battery life and to reduce the
environmental pollution [1]. Radio waves are available in our daily lives in form of signals transmission from TV, radio, wireless
LAN and mobile phone.
This work is being carried out by many researchers for the following reasons:
The energy is freely available in space.
Complementing the low power sources used for energizing the low power electronic devices, as an application to green
technology.
Block Diagram of the System:A.
Fig. 1: Conceptual Block Diagram of the System
The energy harvesting device can be allocated into three parts: Antenna Design, RF-DC Conversion, Charging circuit.
2. Design & Analysis of RF Energy Harvesting System for Energizing Low Power Device
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II. BACKGROUND
Microstrip Patch Antenna:A.
A Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) consists of a conducting patch of any planar or nonplanar geometry on one side of a
dielectric substrate with a ground plane on other side. Due to its planar configuration and ease of integration with microstrip
technology, the microstrip patch antenna has been heavily studied and is often used as elements for an array [3]. A large number
of microstrip patch antennas have been studied to date. An exhaustive list of the geometries along with their prominent features
is available. The rectangular and circular patches are the basic and most commonly used microstrip antennas. These patches are
used for the simplest and the most demanding applications. Rectangular geometries are separable in nature and their analysis is
also simple. The circular patch antenna has the advantage of their radiation pattern being symmetric. A rectangular microstrip
patch antenna in its simplest form is shown in Figure 2 [3].
Fig. 2: Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna [3]
Where, w= Width of Substrate, L= Length of Substrate, t= Thickness of Patch, h= Height of Patch
The feeding technique used is Microstrip feeding. In the Microstrip feeding technique, the feed line is quarter wavelength long
which is used for the impedance matching between the 50Ω line impedance and the Patch Antenna impedance. This is easy to
fabricate. Impedance matching is simple by controlling insert feed position. The spurious radiation is low (nearly -20 dB) and
have narrow bandwidth (1-5%).
Matching Network:B.
The crucial task of matching network is to reduce the transmission loss from an antenna to a rectifier circuit and increase the
input voltage of a rectifier circuit. To this end, a matching network is usually made with reactive components such as coils and
capacitors that are not dissipative. Maximum power transfer can be realized when the impedance at the antenna output and the
impedance of the load are conjugates of each other. This procedure is known as impedance matching. Currently, there exist three
main matching network circuits designed for RF energy harvesting, i.e. transformer, shunt inductor, LC network.[4]
We note that when the impedance of a load is the same as the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, there are no
reflected waves and all the forward going power is dissipated in the load. Here, the technique used is quarter wave transformer.
Note that the quarter wave transformer only matches the circuit at one frequency. Often time it has a small bandwidth of
operation, i.e. it only works in the frequencies in a small neighborhood of the matching frequency. Sometimes cascades of two or
more quarter wave transformers are used in order to broaden the bandwidth of operation of the transformer.
RF/DC Converter:C.
The demands on the RF/DC modules are quite high, as the RF - Amplifier and the cavity are sensitive to reflected power. A
proper resistive match over a wide range of power levels has to be maintained. The radiation of harmonics on the device input
must be inhibited. Aspects concerning the reliability, size and cooling have to be taken into account. Therefore different RF to
DC converters is examined and their feasibility for this application is evaluated [5].
Seven Stage Voltage Multiplier:1)
The seven stage voltage multiplier circuit design implemented in this paper is shown in Figure 2.9. Starting on the left side, there
is a RF signal source for the circuit followed by the first stage of the voltage multiplier circuit. Each stage is stacked onto the
3. Design & Analysis of RF Energy Harvesting System for Energizing Low Power Device
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pre1vious stage as shown in the Figure 3. Stacking was done from left to right for simplicity instead of conventional stacking
from bottom to top.
The circuit uses eight zero bias Schottky surface-mount Agilent HSMS-285X series, HSMS-2850 diodes. The special features
of these diode is that, it provides a low forward voltage, low substrate leakage and uses the non- symmetric properties of a diode
that allows unidirectional flow of current under ideal conditions [6]. The diodes are fixed and are not subject of optimization or
tuning. This type of multiplier produces a DC voltage which depends on the incident RF voltage. Input to the circuit is a
predefined RF source. The voltage conversion can be effective only if the input voltage is higher than the Schottky forward
voltage.
Fig. 3: Schematic of 7 Stage Voltage Multiplier [8]
The other components associated with the circuit are the stage capacitors. The chosen capacitors for this circuit are of through-
hole type, which make it easier to modify for optimization, where in the optimization was accomplished at the input impedance
of the CMOS chip for a three stage voltage multiplier. [10] The circuit design in here uses a capacitor across the load to store and
provide DC leveling of the output voltage and its value only affects the speed of the transient response. Without a capacitor
across the load, the output is not a good DC signal, but more of an offset AC signal.
In addition to the above, an equivalent load resistor is connected at the final node. The output voltage across the load decreases
during the negative half cycle of the AC input signal. The voltage decreases is inversely proportional to the product of resistance
and capacitance across the load. Without the load resistor on the circuit, the voltage would be hold indefinitely on the capacitor
and look like a DC signal, assuming ideal components. In the design, the individual components of the stages need not to be
rated to withstand the entire output voltage [2]. Each component only needs to be concerned with the relative voltage differences
directly across its own terminals and of the components immediately adjacent to it. In this type of circuitry, the circuit does not
change the output voltage but increases the possible output current by a factor of two. The number of stages in the system is
directly proportional to the amount of voltage obtained and has the greatest effect on the output voltage.
Software Used:D.
HFSS is a commercial finite element method solver for electromagnetic structures from Ansoft. The acronym originally stood
for High Frequency Structural Simulator.
It is one of several commercial tools used for antenna design, and the design of complex RF electronic circuit elements
including filters, transmission lines, and packaging.
Advanced Design System (ADS) is an electronic design automation software system produced by Keysight, a division
of Keysight Technologies. It provides an integrated design environment to designers of RF electronic products.
It has been used for simulating the Voltage Multiplier Circuit.
III. PROPOSED WORK
Table 1 presents the dimensions of the proposed antenna.
Table – 1
Parameters of Proposed Antenna
Parameters Value
Material Copper
Dielectric Material FR4
Dielectric Constant 4.3
Width of Substrate 30 mm
Length of Substrate 40 mm
Width of Patch 13 mm
Length of Patch 18.5 mm
Width of Partial Ground 13.2 mm
Width Slot 5.2 mm
Length of Slot 1 mm
4. Design & Analysis of RF Energy Harvesting System for Energizing Low Power Device
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Fig. 4: Proposed Antenna at 5GHz frequency
Here results are achieved for three different feeding points which are 16.5 mm, 17mm and 18mm.
Fig. 5: Combined Return Loss at 5 GHz frequency
By introducing slots and partial ground in proposed antenna, bandwidth can be improved.
5. Design & Analysis of RF Energy Harvesting System for Energizing Low Power Device
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Fig. 6: Proposed Slotted Antenna with Partial Ground at 5 GHz frequency
Fig. 7: Return Loss
The most negative return loss for slotted antenna with partial ground achieved is -363223 at 5.0300 GHz frequency.
Fig. 8: VSWR at 5 GHz frequency
6. Design & Analysis of RF Energy Harvesting System for Energizing Low Power Device
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Table – 2
Comparison between Slotted and Non-Slotted Antenna
Antenna Design Type Resonant Freq. (fr) GHz Return Loss (dB) 10 dB BW MHz VSWR
Non-slotted 4.9200 -35.2286 150 1.04
Slotted 5.0300 -36.3223 450 1.0334
Simulation of voltage Multiplier circuit is carried out using ADS software.
Fig. 9: Simulated Result of 7 Stage Voltage Multiplier
Fig. 10: Output Power is double than input power
Further results are carried out near a WIFI router.
Table – 3
Measured Results of proposed system
Received Signal
frequency (GHz)
Received signal
power(dBm)
Received signal
power (µw)
Received signal
(mV) rms
DC output voltage obtained (V)
from Voltage Doubler
LED
status
4.75 -30.78 0.86 6.45 0.88 ON
4.8 -30.45 0.9 6.84 0.97 ON
4.85 -29.98 1 7.23 1.22 ON
4.9 -29.75 1.06 7.34 1.56 ON
4.95 -28.5 1.41 8.84 1.76 ON
5 -27.5 1.78 9.2 1.95 ON
5.05 -27.2 1.91 9.87 2.15 ON
5.1 -29.1 1.23 7.53 1.68 ON
5.15 -30.16 0.96 6.9 1.05 ON
5.2 -31.8 0.96 4.7 0.6 OFF
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Fig. 11: Frequency vs. Radiated Power (DBM)
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Therefore, we can conclude that compared to the conventional rectangular patch antenna, slot loading antennas give the better
performance in resonant frequency, return loss in the cost of bandwidths. Initially, the return loss was -35.2286 dB with 150
MHz bandwidth but after introducing slots and partial ground, the return loss achieved is -36.3223 dB with 450 MHZ bandwidth
which almost thrice as the bandwidth received before. Meanwhile the VSWR remains almost equal to 1 which is an ideal case
but in hardware implementation all the parameters may vary. Resonance frequency reduction has also been achieved up to 36%
as well as size reduction of more than 60%. Furthermore, it also gives increased Bandwidth which is necessarily required in the
system. Moreover, while testing the system near a WiFi, the maximum output achieved is 2.15 V at 5.05 GHz frequency which
can be further improved by varying the size of slots or partial ground or increasing the stages of voltage doubler circuit.
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we carried out an energy harvesting system to achieve power low enough to drive a low power device on. After
designing two antennas, it‟s been observed that by introducing slots and partial ground to Microstrip Patch Antenna more
efficient results can be achieved. The maximum output voltage received was 2.15 V at 5.05 GHz which turned on the LED. It
can be further improved by adding more stages in voltage double circuit or reducing the resonant frequency.
REFERENCES
[1] N. M. Din, C. K. Chakrabarty, A. Bin Ismail, K. K. A. Devi, *, and W.-Y. Chen,” Design of RF Energy Harvesting System For Energizing Low Power
Devices”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 132, 2012.
[2] Chang-Jun Ahn,” Development of RF Energy Harvesting and Charging Circuits for Low Power Mobile Devices”, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba,
263-8522 Japan.
[3] Aaron N. Parks, Alanson P. Sample, Yi Zhao, Joshua R. Smith, ”A Wireless Sensing Platform Utilizing Ambient RF Energy”, Electrical Engineering
Department and 2Computer Science and Engineering Department University of Washington, Seattle, USA-98195.
[4] Jing-Wei Zhang, Yi Huang, Ping Cao ,” An Investigation of Wideband Rectennas for Wireless Energy Harvesting”, Wireless Engineering and Technology,
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8. Design & Analysis of RF Energy Harvesting System for Energizing Low Power Device
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 03 / 022)
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