1. The document discusses dental caries, its progression, and how to best stop it.
2. It describes how caries forms through demineralization caused by acid from plaque and bacteria, and how the lesions progress through enamel and dentin over time.
3. The document advocates for a biological approach to cavity preparation that removes only completely demineralized tooth structure using hand instruments, in order to best preserve healthy tooth material and prevent further decay.
Brief notes on the inflammation of Alveolar bone that surrounds a tooth that has recently been extracted. It occurs as a complication of tooth extraction.
a detailed account of the principles of tooth preparation with main reference from Shillingburg
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
seminar on gingiva
contents:
Introduction
Definition
Development of gingiva
Macroscopic anatomy
Microscopic anatomy
Blood supply
Lymphatic drainage
Nerve supply
Correlation of clinical and microscopic features
Repair/healing of gingiva
Age changes
Gingival diseases
Clinical considerations
Conclusion
References
brief description on posterior superior alveolar nerve block.
its uses in dentistry, technique and action. locating PSA nerve is easy and this is the most used nerve block in dentistry.
Brief notes on the inflammation of Alveolar bone that surrounds a tooth that has recently been extracted. It occurs as a complication of tooth extraction.
a detailed account of the principles of tooth preparation with main reference from Shillingburg
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
seminar on gingiva
contents:
Introduction
Definition
Development of gingiva
Macroscopic anatomy
Microscopic anatomy
Blood supply
Lymphatic drainage
Nerve supply
Correlation of clinical and microscopic features
Repair/healing of gingiva
Age changes
Gingival diseases
Clinical considerations
Conclusion
References
brief description on posterior superior alveolar nerve block.
its uses in dentistry, technique and action. locating PSA nerve is easy and this is the most used nerve block in dentistry.
Transforming ecological, economic and social challenges on a regional and global scale.
Presentation by Remineralize the Earth
Advancing Renewable Energy in Latin America and Integrated Farm Energy Systems, RELACCx, Puerto Rico, November 19, 2014
Classification of cavities and tooth nomenclature/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Management of Deep caries /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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At the end of this lecture, the student should be able to:
Develop understanding of the classification
Describe how a cyst develops.
Describe the origin and identifying characteristics of the radicular cyst.
Describe the origin and identifying characteristics of the Dentigerous cyst.
Describe the origin and identifying characteristics of the Odontogenic Keratocyst cyst.
Describe the radiographic characteristics of the dentigerous cyst and the odontogenic keratocyst.
Discuss the radiographic appearance of the lateral periodontal cyst. 8. List the factors involved in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
State the histologic finding that is a key diagnostic feature of Radicular, Dentigerous & Keratocysts.
Describe the origin and identifying characteristics of non odontogenic cysts.
Describe different treatment options available, and their clinical importance.
Minimum intervention dentistry is a concept based on a better understanding of the caries process and development of the carious process and the development of new diagnostic technologies and adhesives, bioactive restorative materials.
Dentine caries /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
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Dental caries progression /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The wasting diseases of teeth, namely attrition, abrasion and dental erosion have taken their toll in the population around the world due to the changing lifestyles, increase in the stress levels and many others factors that were persistent earlier but have suddenly increased drastically. This presentation brings to light the new factors that have attributed to this condition as well as discusses the previous ones.
Restoration of endodontically treated teeth/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Restoration of endodontically treated teeth / dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Deep caries management /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
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NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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12. Dental Caries
Progression of dentine caries
Bacterial Invasion
1
2
3
Bacteria need to have a source of nutrients,
i.e. from the oral environment.
Bacteria are found mostly in the biomass
with few being found in the dentine tubules.
4
5
6
7
8
14. Dental Caries
Progression of dentine caries
Crystal Removal Process
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Acid from fermentation process penetrates
the dentine tubules ahead of bacterial
invasion.
This softens the dentine matrix.
The collagen fibres are reversibly damaged
in the dissolution process.
cont’d
15. Dental Caries
Progression of dentine caries
Crystal Removal Process (cont’d)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Continuation of acid production dissolves
crystals in the peritubular and intertubular
dentine.
Further continuation of acid production
breaks the intermolecular crosslinks of
collagen fibres irreversibly.
17. Dental Caries
Progression of dentine caries
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Defense reaction in dentine
A
defence reaction takes place in the
dentine.
Dissolution alters the hydroxyapatite crystals.
Crystals with a lower hardness and a lower
calcium density (= whitelockite) remain.
The dentine tubules are blocked by
precipitated intratubular whitelockite crystals.
cont’d
18. Dental Caries
Progression of dentine caries
Defense reaction in dentine
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
These
(cont’d)
crystals originate from the
peritubular and intertubular dentine.
This process is known as TUBULAR
SCLEROSIS.
It is seen clinically as yellow-brownish
discoloration of the dentine.
19. Outer Carious Dentine
Knoop Hardness Number
70
- bacterial invasion
- unremineralizable
- dead
- without sensation
60
50
Dental Caries
Inner Carious Dentine
- minimal bacterial invasion
- remineralizable
- alive
- sensitive
40
30
transparant zone
20
10
zone of almost total
demineralization
E-D Junction
zone of partial demineralization
1000
2000
Sound Dentine
3000 µm
Crystals in Tubule Lumen
Peritubular dentine
Intertubular dentine
Bacteria
Odontoblast Process
20. Dental Caries
Two layers of carious dentine
Outer (‘infected’)
Bacterial
Invasion
Unreminerizable
Dead
Without sensation
Inner (‘affected’)
Few
Bacterial
Reminerizable
Alive
Sensitive
21. Dental Caries
Remineralization of inner carious
dentine
Prerequisites physiological
remineralization:
Presence
collagen fibers
Living odontoblastic process
External remineralization:
Saliva
, calcium and phosphate
Exposure bio-active agents
26. Dental Caries
Dentinal lesion formation and
progression: a summary
1
2
Enamel demineralization follows the
enamel rods.
Initial dentine demineralization does not
spread along the Enamel Dentine
Junction (EDJ) beyond the periphery of
the lesion in the enamel.
This leads to a cone shape lesion with
the base at the EDJ.
27. Dental Caries
Dentinal lesion formation and
progression: a summary
1
In any pit and fissure system there can
be multiple lesions in different stages of
progression. (Stages A, B and C.)
Only when there is frank cavitation and a
cariogenic environment, will dentine
demineralization spread in a lateral
direction. (Stage D)
2
31. Dental Caries
Characteristics of approximal
caries
1
2
3
4
4. Lateral spread of dentine caries occurs
mainly in cavitated lesions
32. Dental Caries
Characteristics of approximal
caries : a summary
Progression of approximal caries follows the
same principles as for occlusal caries.
It follows the enamel rods, but because of the
curved shape of the approximal tooth surface,
the lesion does not lead to a cone shape at the
EDJ as present in an occlusal fossa.
33. Dental Caries
Traditional concepts of cavity
design
1
2
3
4
GV Black’s cavity preparations followed
designs that were largely dictated by the
physical properties of the filling materials
(e.g., amalgam and silicate cement).
These materials needed mechanical
retention
34. Dental Caries
Traditional concepts of cavity
design
1
2
3
4
Mechanical retention
Flat
floors
Vertical walls
Triangular retention
niches
Undercut areas
35. Dental Caries
Traditional concepts of cavity
design
1
Shape of the prepared cavity was not limited to
the tooth destruction caused by caries.
The preparation did not follow the way a dentine
lesion progresses.
Black's principles could be considered as: 'the
application of a mechanical design on a biological
process'
2
3
4
37. Dental Caries
Longevity of amalgam
restorations
Research findings
survival
time single surface: 10 – 8 years
survival time multiple surface: 8 - 6 years
Reasons for failures
secondary
caries
marginal breakdown
39. Dental Caries
Repeat restoration cycle
1
2
3
‘Diagnoses’ are uncertain, with
considerable variation occurring
between dentists.
Extensive cavity preparations (Black) in
the name of outline form and extension
for prevention result in restorations with
weak margins, leading to marginal
breakdown and ‘ditching’.
40. Dental Caries
Repeat restoration cycle
1
2
3
Dentists have an urge to replace restorations
Perceived (but erroneous) requirement to
‘freshen up’ the cavity walls and margins.
The teeth inevitably become weaker, thereby
reducing their prognosis.
The complexity of the restorations increases or
Tooth needs to be extracted.
41. Dental Caries
Traditional approach:
a Summary
1
2
Much sound tooth tissue needs to be
removed.
Traditionally placed restorations, on
average, do not last long.
The replacement restorations, in many
cases, last for less time.
42. Dental Caries
Traditional approach:
a Summary
The end result is a tooth that became
weaker and weaker each time a
replacement was made.
The weaker the tooth becomes, the
more likely the restoration will fail,
resulting in a vicious cycle and termed
the ‘repeat restoration cycle’.
1
2
43. Dental Caries
Biological principals of cavity
preparation
1
2
Cavity cleaning
Obtaining access
Removal of dead dentine and enamel
Anatomy determines the shape
No preconceived cavity design
Black's principles are redundant
47. Dental Caries
Appropriate instrumentation
1
2
NO !!!!
A rotary instrument is not
the best instrument for:
3
4
removing only soft, completely
demineralized tooth tissue and
preserving as much as possible
remineralizable enamel and dentine.
5
6
7
8
50. Dental Caries
Appropriate instrumentation
Rotary instruments (only certain circumstances)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Slow
speed drill
with
straight bur for further opening of dentinal lesions
that have a very small entrance
with round bur for gentle removal of dead tissue.
51. Dental Caries
Appropriate instrumentation
Rotary instruments (only certain circumstances)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
High
speed drill
only
for opening cavities that are inaccessible
removal of failed restorations.
52. Dental Caries
Appropriate instrumentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Why hand instruments?
creates
the most ideal (conservative) cavity
shape
gives the operator improved tactile sense
does not damage surfaces adjacent to the
lesion, in the case of approximal lesions and
therefore, does not promote caries
development.
53. Dental Caries
Cavity restoration:
WHY
To stop the caries process
To facilitate plaque removal
To encourage remineralization of inner
carious dentine
To restore function
To restore aesthetics.
58. Dental Caries
Tooth preservation versus
cavity preparation
1
2
3
4
For carious lesions in occlusal,
buccal and lingual surfaces of
posterior teeth:
Preventive resin restoration
Preventive glass-ionomer restoration
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART )
59. Dental Caries
Tooth preservation versus
cavity preparation
1
2
3
4
For carious lesions in approximal
surfaces of posterior teeth:
Box-type restorations (outcome: good).
Tunnel preparation (outcome: dubious).
ART (outcome: unknown yet).
60. Dental Caries
Effect of sealed versus nonsealed restorations
Clinical trial in the USA.
more
sound tooth structure was conserved
restoration margins were better protected
recurrent caries was less frequent
clinical survival of restorations was
prolonged.
61. Dental Caries
Summary
1
2
3
4
The biological principle to the management of a
dentine lesion is to only remove soft, completely
demineralized tooth tissue. This is best achieved
through using hand instruments and/or a slowly
rotating drill rather than a high-speed drill. In doing
so, less sound tooth tissues are removed and
damage to surfaces of other teeth is minimized.
62. Dental Caries
Summary
1
2
3
4
Since only soft, completely
demineralized tissue is removed, there
can be no preconceived cavity design;
the anatomy of the carious lesion
dictates the size and shape of the cavity
preparation.
63. Dental Caries
Summary
1
2
3
4
The treatment is completed by placing an
adhesive filling material into the cleaned cavity
preparation, over its margin, and over the
adjacent pits and fissures. This sealant
restoration will arrest caries activity that is
present in dentine and enamel, provided that
the bonding of the material to these tooth
tissues is adequately established.
64. Dental Caries
Summary
1
2
3
4
This treatment modality has the potential
to:
control dentine caries
increase survival of the restoration
save tooth tissues and thus
increase tooth life expectancy.
65. Dental Caries
Remember:
TO APPLY PREVENTIVE MEASURES
TO ENCOURAGE ORAL
HYGIENE AND
TO PROMOTE THE USE OF
TOOTHPASTE.
FLUORIDE