INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
IM Injection (Introduction, Definition, Purpose, Technique, Rights of Medication, Z-Track Method, Equipment, Procedure and Responsibilities)..
Details about subcutaneous injection. We know about subcutaneous injection but do we know about the right information? Maybe you know, I here try to upgrade your current knowledge about the topic. Here, we discuss about the indications, contraindications, precautions, procedure, nursing care plan of subcutaneous injection, complications and many more. Feel free to learn.
Thanks
The intramuscular injection is most common type of drug administration. Because of a single mistake we can do harm to our patient. So, we should know about the right way to administer IM injection. Here, in this slides we discuss details about the topic. It will increase your skill proficiently.
Thanks
Injections, also known as shots, deliver liquid medications, fluids, or nutrients directly into a person’s body. A healthcare professional can use injections to administer vaccines and other types of medications into a person’s vein, muscle, skin, or bone.
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
IM Injection (Introduction, Definition, Purpose, Technique, Rights of Medication, Z-Track Method, Equipment, Procedure and Responsibilities)..
Details about subcutaneous injection. We know about subcutaneous injection but do we know about the right information? Maybe you know, I here try to upgrade your current knowledge about the topic. Here, we discuss about the indications, contraindications, precautions, procedure, nursing care plan of subcutaneous injection, complications and many more. Feel free to learn.
Thanks
The intramuscular injection is most common type of drug administration. Because of a single mistake we can do harm to our patient. So, we should know about the right way to administer IM injection. Here, in this slides we discuss details about the topic. It will increase your skill proficiently.
Thanks
Injections, also known as shots, deliver liquid medications, fluids, or nutrients directly into a person’s body. A healthcare professional can use injections to administer vaccines and other types of medications into a person’s vein, muscle, skin, or bone.
This ppt is for pharmacology students of MBBS UG&PG and other healthcare persons who needs basic science like BDS, Nursing Ayurveda unani homeopathy etc.
It will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug administration, with all the basics covered I hope this presentation will make your fundamentals crystal clear.
A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of health problems.
A drug is a chemical substance derived from different sources –living or non living , which alter or change the function of cells, by reacting with them.
A route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body.
Drugs may be administered by various routes. The choice of the route in a given patient depends on the tissue or organ to be treated, the characteristics of the drug and urgency of the situation, etc. Knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the different routes of administration is essential. The routes can be broadly divided into Enteral, Parenteral, and Local.
Definition and Classification of routes of drug administration. Along with an explanation of it. Advantages and Disadvantages of different routes of administration. Intravenous routes give faster onset of action than any other route. 100% bioavailability is possible in the case of IV. The choice of route depends upon the patient condition.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
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www.agostodourado.com
3. Definition:
A route of administration is the path by which a drug,
fluid, poison or other substance is brought into
contact with the body.
4.
5. Medications are available in a variety of forms and
preparations
The form of the medication will determine its
route of administration
Composition of medicine is designed to enhance
its absorption & metabolism
Many medications are available in several forms
7. • Check the “10 rights”
• Standard Precautions: Wash your hands!
• Double-check if unsure about anything
• Check for drug allergies
• Prepare drugs for one patient at a time
• Check three times
8. • Check expiration dates
• Check the patient’s identification
• Give medications on time
• Explain medications to the patient
• Open the medications at the bedside
• Document the medications given before going to the next
patient
9. • A drug’s route of administration affects the rate and
extent of absorption of that drug
• Route can be broadly divided into:
– Enteral (GI tract)
– Parenteral
– Topical
10. • It is the most common oldest and safe route
• Drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through
the oral or gastric mucosa, the small intestine, or
rectum
– Oral
– Sublingual
– Buccal
– Rectal
12. DISADVANTAGES
Slow onset
Some may be irritant and unpalatable
Some may not absorb
Irritation may induce vomiting
Irregularities in absorption
Cannot gave to unconscious patients
Some may undergo extensive first pass effect in liver
13. - The first pass effect is the term used for the hepatic
metabolism of a pharmacological agent when it is
absorbed from the gut and delivered to the liver via the
portal circulation.
- The greater the first pass effect, the lower the
bioavailability of the drug(the rate and extent of the
drug reaching systemic circulation).
15. - By swallowing.
- It is intended for systemic effects resulting from drug absorption
through the various epithelia and mucosa of the gastrointestinal
tract.
16. These are tablets coated with substance like cellulose
acetate, phthalate, gluten etc. which are not digested
by the gastric acid but get disintegrated in the alkaline
juices of the intestine
17.
18. Some drugs are taken as smaller tablets which are
held in the mouth (buccal tablet) or under the
tongue (sublingual tablet).
Buccal tablets are often harder tablets [4 hour
disintegration time], designed to dissolve slowly.
E.g Nitroglycerin, as a softer sublingual tablet [2
min disintegration time], may be used for the
rapid relief of angina.
19.
20. Route of administration other than the enteral route
are known as parenteral route.
Drugs are directly delivered into tissue fluid or blood.
It includes:
injections
inhalations
transdermal route
transmucosal route
21. ADVANTAGES
Action is rapid
Administered even in unconscious patients
Gastric irritant can be given parenterally
Used in patients who are unable to swallow
22. DISADVANTAGES
Asepsis must be maintained
Injection may be painful
more expensive, less safe and inconvenient
Injury to nerve may occur
24. • Intradermal into the dermal layer of the skin
• Subcutaneous into the subcutaneous layer of the skin
• Intramuscular into the muscle
• Intravenous (fastest delivery into the blood
circulation) into the vein
• Intraperitoneal into the peritoneum
25. • Intrathecal into the subarachnoid space (used for
anesthesia)
• Intraarticular into a joint
Intra arterial into arteries
Intra medullary into bone marrow
26. Drug is injected into the layers of skin by;
• Raising a bleb. Eg, BCG vaccine test for allergy
• by multiplying punctures of epidermis through a drop
of drug, eg, smallpox vaccine
only a small dose can be administered and it
may be painful
31. SITES OF INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS
– Ventrogluteal site (preferred)
– Vastus lateralis site
– Dorsogluteal site
– Deltoid site
32. Advantages
suitable for injection of drug in aqueous solution
(rapid action) and drug in suspension or emulsion
(sustained release).
Disadvantages
Pain at injection sites for certain drugs.
33.
34. - Placing a drug directly into blood stream.
- -May be - Intravenous (into a vein)
- intraarterial (into an artery).
35. DRUGS CAN BE GIVEN IV AS;
1, bolus
2, slowly
3, slow infusion…
36.
37. Advantages
precise, accurate and immediate onset of action,
100% bioavailability.
Disadvantages
risk of embolism.
high concentrations attained rapidly leading to
greater risk of adverse effects.
38. ADMINISRATION OF IV FLUIDS
Maintain strict asepsis
Port of iv line flushed with saline before infusion
Watch for sign of extravascation
Make sure that there are no air bubbles
Carry a sterile container to place components while iv
cannulisation
39.
40. (infusion or injection into the peritoneum) e.g.
peritoneal dialysis in case of renal insuffeciency
41. Drug injected into the spinal canal) is most
commonly used for spinal anesthesia .
42. Drugs injected directly into joint for treating arthritis
& other diseases of joint
45. Highly lipid soluble
drug can be applied over
skin for slow and
prolonged absorption
Eg, nitroglycerine
ointment in angina
pectoris
• Administering
medications to the skin
– Lotions, creams,
ointments, powders
– Transdermal patches
46. Used for gaseous and volatile agents and aerosols.
.
Advantages
A- Large surface area
B- thin membranes separate
alveoli from circulation
C- high blood flow
-As result of that a rapid onset
of action due to rapid access to
circulation
47. .
Disadvantages
1- Most addictive route of
administration because it hits
the brain so quickly.
2- Difficulties in regulating the
exact amount of dosage.
3- Sometimes patient having
difficulties in giving
themselves a drug by inhaler
51. • RECTAL DRUGS
• Most commonly by suppository or enema.
Advantages
By-pass liver - Some of the veins draining the rectum
lead directly to the general circulation, thus by-passing
the liver. Reduced first-pass effect.
Useful - This route may be most useful for patients
unable to take drugs orally (unconscious patients) or
with younger children. if patient is nauseous or
vomiting
52. • RECTAL DRUGS
• Most commonly by
suppository or enema.
Disadvantages
Erratic absorption -
Absorption is often incomplete
and erratic.
Not well accepted
54. Ensure that correct drug is administered by right route
and in the right dose
History of allergy should be taken particularly before
parenteral administration of drugs
Monitor the adverse effects
Drugs should be kept in a safe place
Check the prescription, drug label and the patients
name before the administration of drugs