The document explains densitometry, detailing its definition, principles, and types, including transmission, reflection, and combination densitometers. It describes how densitometers measure optical density in materials like photographic films and their applications in fields such as printing and medical diagnostics, including bone densitometry. Additionally, it references foundational laws (Beer's and Lambert's) that govern the measurement processes.

1. By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2.  Introduction
 Definiation
 Principle
 Fundamental of dencitometry
 Types
transmission dencitometry
reflection dencitometry
combination dencitometry
 Application
 Bibliography

3. Densitometer is a tool used for
measuring the optical density of a
material.
Such as photographic negative.
In pressroom for printing work.
To calculate and display the density
color value it measure.

4. Densitometer is a device that measure the
degree of darkness (the optical density) of
a photographic or semitransparent
material.

5.  It is measurement of optical density in light
sensitive material due to expose of light.
 Optical density result of darkness developed picture
& number of darkness in a given area.
 Density measured by decrease in amount of light
which shines through transparent film called
absorptiometry.
 DMAX & DMIN refers maximum and minimum density
recorded in the material.

7.  Described by Beer and Lambert.
 Lamberts law-Amount of light absorbed is
proportional to the thickness of absorbing material .
 Beers law-Amount of light absorbed by material is
proportional to concentration of absorbing solution.

10. Mainly 3 types of densitometer are found:-
1) Transmission densitometer
2) Reflection densitometer
3) Combination densitometer

11.  Measured the amount of light transmitted through a
transparent material.
 Used to determine the opacity for diffferent areas of
an original transparency.
 Example-Ihara T500 transmission densitometer, X-
Rite 361T tabletop transmission densitometer.
 This will give reading for Dmin, the clear or
unexpected film area and Dmax the darkest exposed
black area of the film.

12. X-RITE 361T Tabletop transmission
densitometer
Ihara T500 transmission
densitometer

13.  Measure the amount of light being reflected from a
surface
 Reflection reading are also used to calculate total
dot gain, error, gragness and other characteristics in
printed pieces.
 Used in the pressroom area, Measure the Solid Ink
Densities.
 Example-IQ 200 reflection densitometer, Model 428
color reflection densitometer.

15.  Measure both reflection and transmission densities.
Examples-
 RT 120 Techkon
 Betacolour 54 xpress
 X- Rite

16.  Density is the mass of an object divided by
its volume. Density often has units of grams
per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). Remember,
grams is a mass and cubic centimeters is a
volume.

17.  Print media
 Photography
 Bone densitometry is most accurate and quickest
process to determine osteoporosis in patient.
 Single beam gamma densitometer is used to
measure the average void fraction in a small
diameter stainless steel pipe under critical flow
condition.

18.  http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densitometry.
 http:www.google.co.in= ncbi+ e:book +
densitometer.
 NCBI E. book – Densitometry
 Textbook of quantitative chemistry (NCBI)
 E. book- Webster J.G Medical instrumentation,
Application and Design, Boston, Houghton Miffin,
Company- 1978.