A Brief Discussion on demographic transition theory.Rizwan Khan
Demographic transition (DT) refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country or region develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
IT IS GIVEN BY: FrankW. Notestein. Frank Wallace Notestein (August 16, 1902 – February 19, 1983)
The demographic transition theory is a generalized description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies move from one demographic regime to another.
This theory throws light on changes in birth and death rate and consequently on the growth rate of population. The relationship between birth and death rate changes with economic development and a country has to pass through different stages of population growth. This theory depicts the four stages of demographic transition that a country has to pass.
Shraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHSMMC, IOM, Nepal
here are some slides on Demographic Transition Theory and the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey's major indicators!!!...hope it comes out as an informative presentation!!!
A Brief Discussion on demographic transition theory.Rizwan Khan
Demographic transition (DT) refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country or region develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
IT IS GIVEN BY: FrankW. Notestein. Frank Wallace Notestein (August 16, 1902 – February 19, 1983)
The demographic transition theory is a generalized description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies move from one demographic regime to another.
This theory throws light on changes in birth and death rate and consequently on the growth rate of population. The relationship between birth and death rate changes with economic development and a country has to pass through different stages of population growth. This theory depicts the four stages of demographic transition that a country has to pass.
Shraddha Acharya_Demographic transition theory n NDHSMMC, IOM, Nepal
here are some slides on Demographic Transition Theory and the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey's major indicators!!!...hope it comes out as an informative presentation!!!
This is a powerpoint showing Malthusian theory of population and the Demographic Transition Model
This video adds a lot to the lesson as a whole
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAkW_i0bDpQ&feature=em-subs_digest
This is the 10th lesson of the course 'Poverty and Environment ' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Population and development are interlinked. It is not easy to distinguish cause and effect relationship between these two. However, they may reinforce each other and may provide some synergistic role.
This is a powerpoint showing Malthusian theory of population and the Demographic Transition Model
This video adds a lot to the lesson as a whole
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAkW_i0bDpQ&feature=em-subs_digest
This is the 10th lesson of the course 'Poverty and Environment ' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Population and development are interlinked. It is not easy to distinguish cause and effect relationship between these two. However, they may reinforce each other and may provide some synergistic role.
This powerpoint presentation was made to fulfill Samantha's Sociology Unit 2 project course for the Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination class with the help of her colleagues. Please do not plagiarize this document in any way. This is solely for the purpose of helping others to improve their grades as a Caribbean student.
FAQs Human Population Growth & Phases Question 1 What ar.docxssuser454af01
FAQs: Human Population Growth & Phases
Question 1: What are the causes of the human population explosion?
Answer 1: Prior to the 1800s, diseases like smallpox, diphtheria, measles, scarlet
fever, bubonic plague, typhus, and cholera kept the human population in equilibrium.
In the 1800s, scientists discovered how many of these diseases were spread and were
able to develop counter measures. The discovery of penicillin and other antibiotic
drugs in the 20th century resulted in a further decline in the human mortality rate.
Improvements in sanitation and agriculture, notably the Green Revolution of the 1960s
and 70s, further contributed to the population explosion.
Question 2: Where is the most rapid growth in population taking place? What are
some of the social and environmental consequences of this growth?
Answer 2: The most rapid population growth is taking place in the developing
countries. One result is that over a billion people live in households that have too little
land to meet their basic needs for food and fuel. Overuse of available resources,
notably wood for fuel, have caused erosion, desertification and decreased food
production. Consequently, many rural residents have migrated to the cities, causing a
dramatic rise in urban populations around the world. Many new arrivals have been
forced to live in areas that lack basic sanitation. Other social consequences include an
increased demand for social services, education, and jobs. Political instability often
results when these demands are not met.
Question 3: What is meant by demographic transition?
Answer 3: The basic premise of demographic transition is the decline of birth and
death rates as a society modernizes. The transition consists of the following four
phases:
1. The first phase of the transition is characterized by high birth and high death
rates.
2. The second phase is characterized by a declining death rate (usually due to
improvements in medical care) but no corresponding decline in the birth rate.
This is a phase of accelerating population growth.
3. The third phase is characterized by declining fertility rates.
4. The fourth and final phase is reached when the birth rates and death rates reach
relative equilibrium. At this point, the population is stable.
The developed nations are considered to be in phase four, while the developing nations
are in phases two and three.
Question 4: Must a society modernize for the fertility rate to stabilize?
Answer 4: This question has been debated for almost 200 years. One school of thought
holds that countries must adopt policies restricting family size or make birth control
readily available. A second school of thought holds that if a country concentrates its
efforts on development, then the birth rate will naturally decline as it has in the
developed nations.
Question 5: Why do families in developing nations tend to be much larger than
families in de ...
INTRODUCTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
The term demographic transition was coined by Warren S. Thompson (1929) and later popularized by Frank W. Notestein (1945) to describe a historical process of change that explains trends in births, deaths, and population growth in today's industrialized societies, particularly European societies.
The demographic transition theory investigate the connection between economic development and population growth.
Changes in the birth rate and death rate as well as the population growth
.
FIRST STAGE
Birth rates and death rate are high
No great population growth
No education or birth control
Lack of hygiene
Large families
SECOND STAGE
High brith rates but lower death rates
Health care improves
Less infant die
More transport and medical care
Improved sanitation
THIRD STAGE
Birth rates and death rates fall
Better education
Low infant mortality
Birth control
FOURTH STAGE
Stable population
There are more deaths then births
Good education and hygiene
Birth control available
Desire for smaller families
CRITICISM
Firstly, this theory is merely based upon empirical observations or the experiences of Europe, America, and Australia.
Secondly, it is neither predictive nor its stages are segmental and inevitable.
Thirdly, the role of man’s technical innovations cannot be underrated, particularly in the field of medicine, which can arrest the rate of mortality.
Fourthly, neither does it provide a fundamental explanation of the process of fertility decline, nor does it identify the crucial variables involved in it.
Fifthly, it does not provide a time frame for a country to move from one stage to another.
Finally, it does not hold good for the developing countries of the world, which have recently experienced unprecedented growth in population due to the drastic decline in death rates.
The term demographic transition was coined by Warren S. Thompson (1929) and later popularized by Frank W. Notestein (1945) to describe a historical process of change that explains trends in births, deaths, and population growth in today's industrialized societies, particularly European societies.
The demographic transition theory investigate the connection between economic development and population growth
Changes in the birth rate and death rate as well as the population growth
The term demographic transition was coined by Warren S. Thompson (1929) and later popularized by Frank W. Notestein (1945) to describe a historical process of change that explains trends in births, deaths, and population growth in today's industrialized societies, particularly European societies.
The demographic transition theory investigate the connection between economic development and population growth
Changes in the birth rate and death rate as well as the population growth
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Digital Artifact 2 - Investigating Pavilion Designs
Demographic transition theory
1. Demographic Transition Theory
Ideas of this theory was articulated by Warren Thomas in 1929
This model describes a series of changes over a period of time in the relationship between
birth and death ratio and overall population change
Similar to Marx, this theory exemplifies the development of capitalism in European
society, i.e. it represents the transition from primitive communities to 19th century
capitalism
Warren’s findings were derived by looking at demographic change between specific
countries in 1908 – 1927
In an analysis of these findings, he argued that all countries pass through similar
demographic transition stages or population cycles
The model consists of 4 stages
Stage 1 – High Fluctuating UK pre-1760
Birth rates and death rates fluctuated at a high level thus giving a small population
growth
The birth rates were higher because:
1. There was no birth control or family planning
2. There was a high rate of infant mortality thus tended to procreate more in the
hopes that several would survive
3. Many children were needed to work on the land as the family was seen as the unit
of production
4. Children were regarded as a sign of virility
Warren in his analysis, also found that during the 1st stage the death rates were higher –
especially among children
This was so because:
1. Disease and plagues
2. Famine, poor diets, unclean food supplies
3. Poor sanitation – no piped clean water, no sewage disposal
4. Poor health care – little medical service, few doctors, hospitals and drugs
Stage 2 – Early Expanding UK 1760 - 1880
There was higher birth rates but a rapid decline in the death rate thus contributing to a
rapid population growth
2. It is important to note that this period marked the birth of the Industrial Revolution which
brought with it many social and economic benefits for society and is said to be
responsible for the improved lives of humans and their increased life expectancy
The fall in death rates resulted from:
1. Improved medical care – vaccines, hospitals, drugs, doctors and scientific
inventions
2. Improved sanitation and water supply
3. Improved transport to move food, doctors etc
4. Improvements in food production in terms of quantity and quality
5. A decrease in child mortality
Stage 3 – Late Expanding UK 1880 - 1940
Birth rates fell rapidly while death rates continued to fall slightly
This resulting in a slowly increasing population
The fall in birth rates may be due to:
1. Family planning – contraceptives, sterilization, abstinence and government
incentives
2. A reduction in the infant mortality rate thus resulting in less pressure to have
many children
3. Increased industrialization and mechanisation leading to the need for fewer
workers
4. A shift in the structure and function of the family from a unit of production to a
unit of consumption. As a result there was now an increased desire for material
possessions – cars, houses, foreign holidays – and less desire for large families
5. The emancipation of women – they no longer saw themselves as child-bearers and
housewives. They became career oriented
Stage 4 – Low Fluctuating UK post-1940
Birth rates and death rates remained low and there is a slight fluctuation giving rise to a
steady population
In some cases the birth rate and death rate may slightly exceed the other
In extreme cases this stage could also give birth to a negative population growth
Things to note
Stage 1 and 2 reveal a society steeped in mechanical solidarity – the mode of production
was agriculture
Stage 3 was the transition to organic solidarity
3. Parsons spoke of the process of specialization and social differentiation, the emergence of
small privatised nuclear households and a shift in the value system from particularism to
universalism
Criticisms
The model was Eurocentric
1. Argued that all countries would pass through the same 4 stages
2. However, it was unlikely that some countries were economically less developed,
e.g. Africa would ever become developed
In some cases the fall in death rates in stage 2 was assumed to be the consequence of
industrialization. However, in Britain, the death rate was due to unsanitary conditions
which resulted from rapid urban growth and it only began to fall after advances were
made in medicine
In relation to the fall of birth rates in stage 3 – it could have been due to religious or
political opposition to birth control
The time scale of the model – some countries tend to develop at a much faster rate than
others as did the early industrial countries, e.g. Hong Kong
Uses of the model
To show population growth changes of a country over time
To compare rates of growth between different countries at a given point in time