Caribbean history us1
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The document discusses United States involvement in the Caribbean from 1776 to 1985. It identifies several key reasons for US interest in the region, including defense against foreign threats, expansionism, and promoting US ideology and trade/investments. It also examines specific factors that led to US involvement and rule over Caribbean territories, such as imperialism, securing trade routes, national security concerns, political instability, and ideological conflicts. Key events discussed include the Spanish-American War and the establishment of policies like Dollar Diplomacy and the Good Neighbor Policy.
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Nc goal #6 american imperialism
The document discusses U.S. imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It provides reasons for the U.S. shift from anti-imperialism, including needs for new markets and raw materials as industrialization increased. The U.S. gained colonial territories and influence through the Spanish-American War and policies like the Open Door Policy in China. Debates emerged around the pros and cons of U.S. imperialism, and the U.S. went on to exert influence in Latin America through the Monroe Doctrine and subsequent policies.
Nc goal #6 american imperialism
The document discusses U.S. imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It provides reasons for the U.S. shift from anti-imperialism, including needs for new markets and raw materials as industry grew. The U.S. took control of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines, and other Pacific islands after the Spanish-American War of 1898. It also established spheres of influence in China and policies in Latin America like the Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary to expand its economic and political power abroad.
© Carlos Alberto Contreras Page 1 of 25 do not reproduce wit.docx
© Carlos Alberto Contreras Page 1 of 25 do not reproduce without permission of the author
The United States and Latin America Since the End of the Nineteenth Century
By Carlos Alberto Contreras
Published as “United States Policy toward Latin America Since 1945” in Modern America
Examined: A Reader, edited by Jerry Baydo (National Social Science Press, 2003)
In order to fully understand the complexities of U.S. policy toward Latin America in the modern
era, it is important to have a general sense of the patterns that were established since the end of
the nineteenth century. Indeed most of the flashpoints of the Cold War era in this hemisphere,
from the Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba to the Iran-Contra affair in Nicaragua, trace their roots to
the patterns that were established at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th
century. It is during that period that the die is cast in terms of U.S. policy toward the region.
From that period forward, the emphasis of U.S. policy toward the region will shift according to
the political winds of the time, but the essence of U.S. policy toward Latin America, namely, that
of protecting and promoting U.S. economic and strategic interests, will remain constant. What
we will see during the Cold War will, in many ways, be a continuation of the relationships
established at the turn of the 20th century. One of the overarching themes of U.S. policy toward
Latin America will be its quest for stability in the region, whether for the sake of protecting its
economic interests, as a barrier to European intrigue in the early part of the 20th century, or to
ward off Communist influence, whether real or imagined, during the Cold War. Before delving
into a detailed analysis of U. S. policy toward Latin America after 1945 then, what follows is a
brief overview of the United States and Latin America during those formative years.
The US has played an active role in the hemisphere, promoting and protecting its
economic and political interests since the end of the 19th century, particularly after 1898 when
the U.S. war with Spain solidified American hegemony in the region. In international relations,
hegemony denotes a preponderant influence in a particular region. In addition to dominating a
region, a hegemonic power will also establish and enforce the “rules of the game.” If less
powerful nations in that region challenge those rules, or seek a path that diverges from those
rules, hegemonic powers have historically, through a variety of means, reserved for themselves
the “right” to “discipline” those wayward nations. In the Western hemisphere, the United States
emerged as the undisputed hegemonic power at the end of the 19th century, a fact laden with all
© Carlos Alberto Contreras Page 2 of 25 do not reproduce without permission of the author
sorts of consequences for its less powerful Latin American neighbors. In the course of t.
Us policy
The document summarizes U.S. foreign policy in the Gulf region since World War II. It argues that U.S. policy has consistently aimed to preserve Western access to Gulf oil, prevent the spread of alternative ideologies, and support regimes serving U.S. interests. This has led the U.S. to increasingly intervene in the region to protect its "national interests" of ensuring oil flows and corporate profits. Over time, the U.S. replaced Britain as the dominant imperial power in the region in order to secure Gulf oil that is vital for the U.S. economy and global dollar hegemony.
Ruling on Behalf of the “National Interest”
This document summarizes U.S. foreign policy in the Gulf region since World War II. It argues that U.S. policy has consistently aimed to preserve Western access to oil, prevent the spread of alternative ideologies, and support pro-U.S. regimes. This has led to contradictions with democratic goals and increasing American involvement in the region over time. The document traces how U.S. policy evolved from limited influence pre-WWII to gradually replacing Britain as the dominant imperial power by pursuing control of oil reserves and supporting regimes serving American interests.
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The presentation examines the relations between Latin America and The United States as well as U.S. foreign policies towards Latin America.
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The document discusses various aspects of American imperialism between the late 1800s and early 1900s. It provides background on the Spanish-American War, including the humanitarian justification for intervening in Cuba, the sinking of the USS Maine, and the role of yellow journalism in stirring public support for the war. As a result of the war, the US gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. The document also discusses the US acquisition of Hawaii and Alaska, as well as America's growing influence in China through the Open Door policy and involvement in the Philippines through the Philippine-American War.
Imperialism and the Spanish American War
Based on the context clues in the passage, Roosevelt is responding to European interference in Latin American affairs. The passage discusses the Roosevelt Corollary, which allowed the U.S. to intervene in Latin America to maintain stability, in addition to mentioning the Monroe Doctrine which opposed European influence in the Western Hemisphere.
Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 159Ancient History U..docx
Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 159:
"Ancient History": U.S. Conduct in the Middle East Since World War II and the Folly of Intervention
August 16, 1991 Sheldon L. Richman
Sheldon L. Richman is senior editor at the Cato Institute.
Executive Summary
When Iranian revolutionaries entered the U.S. embassy in Tehran in 1979 and seized 52 Americans, President Jimmy Carter dismissed reminders of America's long intervention in Iran as "ancient history." Carter's point was not merely that previous U.S. policy could not excuse the hostage taking. His adjective also implied that there was nothing of value to be learned from that history. In his view, dredging up old matters was more than unhelpful; it was also dangerous, presumably because it could only serve the interests of America's adversaries. Thus, to raise historical issues was at least unpatriotic and maybe worse.[1]
As the United States finds itself in the aftermath of another crisis in the Middle East, it is worth the risk of opprobrium to ask why there should be hostility toward America in that region. Some insight can be gained by surveying official
U.S. conduct in the Middle East since the end of World War II. Acknowledged herein is a fundamental, yet deplorably overlooked, distinction between understanding and excusing. The purpose of this survey is not to pardon acts of violence against innocent people but to understand the reasons that drive people to violent political acts.[2] The stubborn and often self-serving notion that the historical record is irrelevant because political violence is inexcusable ensures that Americans will be caught in crises in the Middle East and elsewhere for many years to come.
After 70 years of broken Western promises regarding Arab independence, it should not be surprising that the West is viewed with suspicion and hostility by the populations (as opposed to some of the political regimes) of the Middle East.[3] The United States, as the heir to British imperialism in the region, has been a frequent object of suspicion. Since the end of World War II, the United States, like the European colonial powers before it, has been unable to resist becoming entangled in the region's political conflicts. Driven by a desire to keep the vast oil reserves in hands friendly to the United States, a wish to keep out potential rivals (such as the Soviet Union), opposition to neutrality in the cold war, and domestic political considerations, the United States has compiled a record of tragedy in the Middle East. The most recent part of that record, which includes U.S. alliances with Iraq to counter Iran and then with Iran and Syria to counter Iraq, illustrates a theme that has been played in Washington for the last 45 years.
An examination of the details and consequences of that theme provides a startling object lesson in the pitfalls and conceit of an interventionist foreign policy. The two major components of the theme that are covered in this study are
U.S. policy towa ...
Latin America – US relationship
The presentation exposes key foreign policies strategies that the USA has practiced towards Latin America from the 19th century until the 21st century.
Ch. 12.1 building an empire
High School US history lecture about American Imperialism in the 19th century and the US role as a world power
2.foreign policy
The document outlines the key aspects of US foreign policy from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century:
- The Monroe Doctrine established the US's opposition to European colonialism in the Americas.
- Manifest Destiny promoted US expansion across North America.
- The US followed a policy of neutrality and having little political connection with other nations to avoid alliances.
- By the late 19th century, the US emerged as an imperial power, gaining overseas territories in Asia, the Pacific, and Latin America. This was driven by both economic and nationalist reasons.
Chapter 17 guided notes
The document summarizes the growth of American imperialism between 1890-1915. It discusses factors driving imperialism like economic and military needs. The US expanded its interests through acquisitions like Alaska, Midway Islands, and Hawaii. The Spanish-American War resulted in US control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The US also gained influence in Latin America and an Open Door policy in China. The Panama Canal furthered American economic and military power in the Pacific and abroad. Debates emerged over the costs and morality of imperialism.
Rcpp
The document discusses Theodore Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine from 1904. It establishes that the Corollary expanded on the Monroe Doctrine by declaring that the US had the right to intervene in Latin American countries that were unable to pay foreign debts, in order to protect US economic and strategic interests in the region. This set a precedent for increased US imperialism and political involvement in the Caribbean through military interventions and commercial treaties. The Corollary was an expansion of the US sphere of influence beyond just non-colonization established in the original Monroe Doctrine.
Imperialism
American imperialism at the turn of the 20th century expanded U.S. influence and established it as a world power through overseas territorial acquisitions and the projection of military and economic power. The U.S. acquired Alaska from Russia in 1867, took control of Hawaii in 1898, and gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines after defeating Spain in the Spanish-American War. The U.S. then established political control over Cuba and built the Panama Canal to further economic and strategic interests. Under presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, the U.S. developed foreign policies of military intervention and dollar diplomacy to expand its sphere of influence, especially in Latin America.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: USA AS A GREAT POWER AT 1914
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: USA AS A GREAT POWER AT 1914. Contains: interventionism, the American growth, Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino war 1898, regional strategy, Filipino war, Cuba and the protectorate, Hay and open-door policy to China, Roosevelt presidency, the Panama Canal, Roosevelt diplomacy, international diplomacy, Wilsonianism, USA and the WW1.
Unit iii
The document provides background information on how the US became a world power following the Civil War. It discusses the US policy of isolationism in the late 1800s while European nations practiced imperialism and colonialism. Economic pressures and social ideologies influenced the US to begin expanding overseas through acquiring Hawaii and building a modern navy. Tensions grew between the US and Spain over Cuba, which led to the Spanish-American War in 1898 and marked the US emerging as a new imperial power.
Political Science 7 – International Relations - Power Point #12
Political Science 7 – International Relations - Spring 2013 - Power Point Presentation #12 - © 2013 Tabakian, Inc.
Progressive presidents foreign policy3 1
The document discusses the expanding role of the U.S. in global affairs during the early 1900s. It describes how under Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, the U.S. developed an aggressive foreign policy known as "Big Stick Diplomacy," "Dollar Diplomacy," and "Moral Diplomacy" respectively to increase American power and influence, especially in Latin America. Key events included the Spanish-American War, annexation of Hawaii and the Philippines, building the Panama Canal, and frequent military interventions in Latin American countries. The goal was to maintain political and economic dominance in the Western Hemisphere.
The Post War World Part 7
This document provides an overview of United States relations with Central and South America during the Cold War period. It discusses how U.S. policy shifted from cooperation to interventionism due to fears of communist influence in the region. Key events discussed include the overthrow of governments in Guatemala and Chile supported by the U.S., as well as conflicts with Cuba. It also covers economic programs and shifts towards neoliberal policies in Latin America in the late 20th century.
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© Carlos Alberto Contreras Page 1 of 25 do not reproduce wit.docx
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Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 159Ancient History U..docx
Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 159Ancient History U..docx
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: USA AS A GREAT POWER AT 1914
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Political Science 7 – International Relations - Power Point #12
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1. Social stratification refers to the categorization and ranking of people into hierarchical social groups based on characteristics like economic status, culture, race, gender, etc.
2. Functionalists view social stratification as serving important social functions like maintaining social order and ensuring that important roles are filled by qualified individuals. Davis and Moore argue that social inequality is an unconsciously evolved mechanism for societies to efficiently organize themselves.
3. Theories of Caribbean social stratification include the plantation society model of distinct upper, intermediate, and lower castes; plural society theory which describes culturally distinct ethnic groups coexisting under one political system; and creole society theory describing a hybrid culture with elements of both ascriptive and merit-based
CSEC History Immigration scheme crossword
1) The document appears to be a crossword puzzle related to immigration schemes and colonialism, with clues about places, policies, and events involving the movement and employment of people.
2) Clues include references to the British colony of British Guiana in South America, the former name of Madras under British rule, and indentured servitude involving groups recruiting laborers against their will.
3) Other clues refer to crown land ownership, proclamations by colonial governors, contracts signed by indentured laborers, free trade policies, attitudes inherited from plantation slavery, and a 1865 riot in Jamaica.
CSEC Caribbean History Immigation the profile
This document provides information about immigration to the British West Indies following emancipation in 1834. It discusses the main reasons immigrants were brought in, which was to provide labor for the sugar estates after emancipation. The document outlines the key groups who immigrated - Europeans, Madeirans, Africans, Chinese, and East Indians. It provides a chart showing the numbers of immigrants that went to different territories. It also examines the arrangements for immigration, including indentured labor contracts and the provisions of the 1854 Immigration Ordinance. Finally, it prompts analyzing similarities and differences between immigration and slavery.
Cxc revision
The document discusses the development of a peasant population and free village movement in the Caribbean from the late 18th century to the 19th century. It identifies that a peasantry developed in territories like Jamaica, Trinidad, the Windwards and British Guiana where freed slaves had access to available land. However, the growth of the peasantry was limited by a lack of available land in some territories and competition for labor with the plantation system.
Carib studies religion and the justice system ppt
This document discusses the topic of religion from several perspectives. It defines religion as referring to belief in supernatural beings that govern life, and as involving symbols, feelings of reverence, and rituals practiced by communities of believers. It then examines religion as a social institution, exploring its historical context and development in Caribbean societies, influence on culture, and different sociological perspectives including functionalism, Marxism, and interpretivism.
CAPE Sociology Social stratification in_caribbean
Social stratification in the Caribbean has traditionally been defined along lines of class, status, power, race, ethnicity, color, gender, and education. Systems varied between countries but generally involved upper, middle, and lower classes divided along racial lines. Over time, factors like industrialization, increased opportunities, and expanded education and political systems weakened old social orders defined by race and allowed for more mobility between classes. While mobility increased for some groups, inconsistencies remained for those from poorer backgrounds. Gender also emerged as an increasingly important factor in social stratification.
CAPE Sociology 2012 m2 q4
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CAPE Sociology - African retention
Herskovits argues that African culture survived slavery and is still evident in parts of Caribbean culture today. He identifies three main ways African cultural forms survived: through survivals which closely resemble original African forms; through syncretisms where new world elements are identified with old world counterparts; and through reinterpretations where African culture is adapted to the new environment in a way that may not look like traditional retention on the surface. Herskovits examined Caribbean family forms and provided examples for each way African culture was retained, such as burying the umbilical cord under a fruit tree or identifying Catholic saints with African deities.
CSEC History Cuban revolution
Fidel Castro overthrew the corrupt dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 and installed a communist government in Cuba. He nationalized private property, collectivized farms, increased education and healthcare, but also eliminated elections and disregarded human rights. This alienated the middle class. The U.S. tried to overthrow Castro through the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and imposed an embargo, further impoverishing Cuba. Castro's reforms changed Cuba from a country ruled by a dictator to a communist state with universal healthcare and education but no political freedom or democratic elections.
CAPE History French revolution
The document is a test about the French Revolution containing true/false and multiple choice questions. It covers various topics like the estates system, causes of the revolution, key figures like Napoleon, and ideas from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen such as freedom of speech. The test questions assess understanding of the social structure prior to the revolution, major events and consequences of the revolution, and Napoleon's rise to power and campaigns across Europe.
CAPE Sociology Unit Two Fertility control is the key to development in the ca...
While fertility control may help development by reducing strain on limited resources, most Caribbean sociologists agree it is not the key to development for the region. True development requires improving human resources through better education and healthcare, more equitable distribution of resources, and gaining technological assistance to support industrialization. Fertility control alone is not sufficient without also addressing these other social and economic factors.
Cape sociology rostow's model
Rostow outlined five stages of economic growth and development in societies:
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This document provides background information on Fulgencio Batista's rule in Cuba from 1952-1959. It summarizes that Batista overthrew the Cuban government in 1952 in a coup and established himself as a dictator. Though Cuba prospered economically under Batista, social injustice increased as opposition to his authoritarian rule grew from students, politicians who wanted power, and rebel groups like the 26th of July Movement led by Fidel Castro. By 1958, Batista's government had lost control and legitimacy as Castro's guerilla forces gained popularity and success in their armed resistance across the country.
Cape Sociology 2011 u1 m2
The document discusses social factors that have contributed to the acceptance of single-parent families in Caribbean society. These factors include:
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2) The socioeconomic conditions of poverty in the Caribbean that make it difficult for parents, especially fathers, to provide for families, leading to single-parent and extended family structures.
3) The marginalization of Caribbean men due to factors like the feminization of education and household roles, as well as the effects of the historical plantation system.
Demographic transition theory
Demographic Transition Theory outlines 4 stages of population change that countries typically progress through:
Stage 1 involves high birth and death rates, leading to low population growth. Stage 2 sees birth rates remain high while death rates decline rapidly due to industrialization, resulting in rapid population increase. Stage 3 is marked by declining birth rates and further decreases in death rates, producing slow population growth. Finally, Stage 4 has low, stable birth and death rates and slight or no population change. However, the theory is criticized for being overly Eurocentric and not accounting for variations in development pace between countries.
Cape Sociology 2007 unit two migration
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Education
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Education in independence
1) The Grade Six Achievement Test (GSAT) was administered to 44,000 11-year-olds in Jamaica last week to determine placement into secondary schools.
2) While access to primary education in Jamaica is nearly universal, quality and performance have been ongoing issues, and GSAT is now seen more as a problem than the achievement test it was intended to be due to placement difficulties.
3) Despite massive expansion of secondary education since the 1960s, the majority of students have not achieved a level that allows transition to tertiary education or professional work, highlighting ongoing challenges in Jamaica's education system.
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বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
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Caribbean history us1
- 1. The USA in the Caribbean 1776 - 1985 Prepared by CASAH 2014
- 2. Reasons for U.S’s interest in the Caribbean btw 1776- 1870 DEFENSE EXPANSIONISM UNITED STATES IDEOLOGY TRADE AND INVESTMENTS
- 5. Factors that influenced the United States interest in the Caribbean Concepts that promoted US superiority The effects of United States rule on the Caribbean
- 7. Factors responsible for U.S’s involvement in the Caribbean territories Imperialism Trade routes National Security Cuba Puerto Rico Panama Haiti Political instability Foreign interferences Ideological Conflict Dominican Republic Grenada
- 13. 13 What? •USS Maine explodes in Havana, Cuba Harbor, •“Spark” that started the war •“Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain!” How did it lead to war? •Most Americans believe it was Spain’s fault •1976 US Navy analyzed the sunken ship, decided that the hull blew OUT not IN
- 17. Political Factors The US wanted to create a situation which would safe guard the US against enemy attack. For tis reason the US constructed military bases and centers in the Caribbean. From around the beginning of the 20th Century, Britain became less able to maintain world wide control of its empire, this in effect gave control of the Caribbean to the US who was better able to defend it. The Caribbean territories were of great importance to the US as members of the United Nations because their support of the US helped make them a super power.
- 18. Ideological/ Humanitarian factors Americans had missionary and humanitarian desires to spread some of the benefit of their civilization (which they thought was superior to people in the Caribbean who they thought were backward). They wanted to build schools and hospitals to eradicate diseases, to improve communication and government. The US saw itself as a champion of democracy especially since World War 1 and was interested in establishing solid foundations in the western Hemisphere including the Caribbean. The US believed that it had to spread its influence in order to remain a world power and also to extend America ideas and intuitions to other parts of the world.
- 19. Economic Factors North Americans had developed trading and business interest in the region before 1776 and this interest continued even through the navigational acts tended to restrict US trade interests. However once the navigation laws were removed this stimulated US interest in the Caribbean.
- 21. Dollar Diplomacy - Giving aid and soft loans to Caribbean countries in order to foster good relations and get their leaders to give in to US policies. It was basically a way for the US to control events in the Caribbean. The main feature of dollar diplomacy was intervention in the political and economic life of neighbours. Haiti, Panama, Dominican Republic and Cuba were all affected. There were significant economic investments in these countries by Americans so that governments claimed to be stabilizing the counties to ensure economic progress when in fact it was really securing American interests. Between 1900 and 1930, the United States intervened in at least 5 Caribbean and Latin American countries. The US government said that the reason for the interference was to make the governments in these countries more stable but their real intention seemed to be to take control of their economies.
- 23. Good Neighbour Policy - A policy of non- intervention and non- interference. and was geared towards creating more positive, friendly relationships with the countries in South and Central America and the Caribbean. This policy was announced in 1933. It described the policy as one where the US would not intervene in the domestic affairs of other countries even when there was civil unrest in those countries. The policy was introduced by President Franklin D Roosevelt. This policy was different to the other US policies as the US would no longer interfere in other countries' affairs claiming to do so to help bring stability to the countries. The policy was also different as the Americans would not be using their military or economic influence to intimidate other countries