Decision making involves recognizing a problem, searching for information, and defining alternatives. It is the process of choosing an action from two or more options based on preferences. There are different types of decisions including programmed vs non-programmed, routine vs strategic, and individual vs group. Programmed decisions deal with common problems using predetermined rules, while non-programmed decisions require careful analysis for unique situations. Decisions can also be classified as major/minor, delayed/quick, and individual/group.

1. DECISION
MAKING
BY
RAJAGURU

2. DECISION MAKING
 Decision making is defined as a process or
sequence of activities involving stages of
problem of recognition , search for
information, define the alternatives.
 The selection of an actor of one from two or
more alternatives consistent with the ranked
preferences.

3. CONCEPT
 Decision making is the art of making a choice
among available alternatives.
 It is believed that the “Management without a
decision is a man without a backbone”
 Therefore, decision making is a problem solving
approach by choosing a specific course of action
among various alternatives.

4. Types
 Programmed and Non-programmed
decisions
 Routine and Strategic decisions
 Tactical and Operational decisions
 Organisational decisions and Personal
decisions
 Major and Minor decisions
 Individual and group decisions
 Delayed and Quick decisions

5. Programmed Decision
1. That deals with the simple, common,
frequently occuring problems that have well
established & understood solutions.
2. These decisions are made in routine,
repetitive, well structured situations using pre
determined decision rules that may be based
on habit, established polices and procedures.

6. Non-Programmed Decision
1. Those that deals with unusual or exeptional
problems & which require very careful
analysis study.
2. Pre determined rules are impractical for such
decisions and it is involve lots of uncertainity.
3. Each situation is unique and distinct from
others and require enourmous amount of time,
energy, resource to explore the situation from
all perspective.

7. Delayed Decision
Such decisions are put on hold until the
decision maker thinks that the right time has
come. Such decisions give one enough time to
collect all information required and to
organise all the factors in the correct way.

8. Quick decision
Those decision enable one to make maximum of
the oppurtunity available at hand.In order to
take the right decision within a short span of
time, one should also take the long term,
results into considerations.

9. Major & Minor Decisions
Major decisions are taken by top management.
Decisions pertaining to purchase of new
factory premises is a major decion. Purchase
of office stationary is a minor decision which
can be taken by office superintendent.

10. Individual and Group Decisions
1. Usually routine type decision are taken by
individuals within the broad policy
framework of the organisation.
2. Group decisions are taken by group of
individuals constituted in the form of a
standing committee.

11. Facilitative Decision
In facilitative type of decision making, both the
leader an his subordinates work together to
arrive at a decision.

12. Consultative decision
Consultative decision are made in consultation
with the subordinates.

13. Delegative Decision (Laissez-faire
leadership)
The leader passes on the responsibility of
making decisions to one or more of his
subordinates.