The document summarizes the history and key details of various community development and rural employment programs launched by the Government of India since the 1950s. It mentions programs like the Community Development Programme (1952), National Extension Service (1953), Community Development Blocks (1954), Young Farmers' Association (1956), Panchayati Raj system (1959), Training and Visit system (1974), Integrated Child Development Services (1975), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (1989), Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (1999), National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (2005) which was later renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. It provides details on objectives, features

1. PHOENIX
COACHING CENTER
impossible to defeat

2. Community Development Programmes
2nd Oct 1952 , Started by S.K. Dey
The recommendations of the Fiscal Commission (1949) and the Grow More
Food Enquiry Committee (1952) the CDP was launched on October 2, 1952,
the birth-day of Mahatma Gandhi.
 It operated till September 1956, the basic unit is a block.
 Basic objective of Community Development in India is the development of
people of "Destination Man".
 The main philosophy of the project: co-operation and self-help
 Prime Minister as Chairman.

3.  Started with 55 community development projects, 400 to 500
miles, comprising 300 villages and a population about 2 lakhs.
 The project area divided into 3 development blocks, each
consisting of about 100 villages and a population of 60 to 70
thousand
 Each project had about 60 multi-purpose village level workers, one
for each group of 5 to 10 villages. CDP failed because of the lack
of participation of peoples
 CDP has 5 stages: Conception, Initiation, Operation,
Consolidation, Finalization

4. National Extension Service (Oct 2, 1953)
 Started by S.K. Dey. CDP merged with NES.
 Recommended by Grow More Food Committee
 Having wider coverage at less cost and more people participation than CDP
 Started with 100 villages covering a population of 60,000 to 70,000 over 150 to 170 square
miles. All NES blocks became CD blocks that were achieved by October 1963.
 NES covered the Whole country in 1963
 Each NES headed by a Block development officer (BDO).
 NES is an agency (CDP is a method)

5. Community Development Block
(Oct 2, 1954)
 The concept of the Block Development Officer (BDO) emerged.
 The operational unit is the development block.
 Nalagarh committee recommended merging of NES and CDB
 CDB covered the Whole country in 1963

6. Young Farmers' Association
 4 H-club was established in 1900 in America to provide
training to youth for agriculture and home development.
 4H means Heart, Head, Hand, and Health as explained by
A.B.Graham.
 On the basis of the 4H-club of the USA, the Young Farmers
association of India was started by P.S Deshmukh in 1956. He
published a magazine 'Rural Youth' and Gram yuvak

7. Panchayat Raj (Democratic Decentralization)
 The word democracy derived from the Greek word ‘Demos’ means
the people.
• ‘Kratos’ means Rule i.e. Peoples Rule.
 It is governance of the people, by the people, for the people.
 The Term Panchayat Raj was christened by J. L. Nehru
 Mahatma Gandhi coined the term panchayat raj system
(PRS) as ”Gram Swaraj”(village self-governance)

8.  Balwant Rai Mehta Committee recommended a (1957) three-tier
system of Panchayat raj i.e. Democratic Decentralization. The
recommendation came into force 1st April 1958
 The State of Madras tried this as a pilot project as early as 1957.
 Panchayati Raj was first started on Oct 2, 1959, at Nagaur
(Rajasthan) inaugurated by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru. 2nd
state Andhra Pradesh in 1959.
 Village Panchayat is the lowest unit in the structure of Panchayat Raj

9. Three-tier Panchayat Raj System by
Balwant Rai Mehta committee
District level: Zila Parishad.
Block level : Panchayat Samiti
Village level : Gram Panchayat

10. District Collector to be the chairman of Zila Parishad.
Two-tier Panchayat Raj System by Ashok Mehta (1977) –
Karnataka (It exist in districts where the population is < 2 lakh)
District level: Zila Parishad
Grass rootlevel: Mandal Panchayat

11. Training and Visit System
(T & V system -1974)
 The concept of the T and V system was evolved in 1973 by Israeli extension
expert
• Daniel Benor who was a consultant on extension program in World Bank.
 Assisted by World bank
 Originated in India 1974 & Nepal 1975 by Daniel Banor
 T and V system is also called the Baster and Benor Scheme and firstly
evolved inTurkey by incidental learning.

12.  T & V system has two phages/ stages- (i) Training and (ii)Visit
 First T & V system introduced in Rajasthan (2nd-MP)
 West Bengal was the first to implementthe system throughout the state
 T& V: Single line of command /Linear model of transfer of technology
 Its Top-downapproach
 Aimed to achieve changes in production technologies
Features: Professionalism, Single line of command .
Extension agent: Farmer's ratio is 1:800-1200.

13. Ford Foundation in India: 1951-52
 Started by Paul Hoffman
 Ford foundation team-Agricultural production team (Jan 1959) sponsored
by theFord Foundation was invited to study the country’s food production
problems.
 The team submitted a report entitled ‘India’s food crisis and steps to meet it’
in April 1959.

14. Women and Child Development
Programme

15. ICDS (Integrated Child Development Scheme) –1975
 The objective is to improve the nutritional and health
status of children below the age of 6 years and
pregnant and lactating mothers
 ICDS Scheme represents one of the world's largest and
most unique programs for early childhood development

16. DWCRA (Development of Women and Child in Rural
Areas) -1982
 The mid-term review of IRDP indicated that the flow of assistance to
women members of target group households was very marginal.
 The objective is to improve the conditions of women and children in
rural areas through the creation of income.
 It is partly supported by UNICEF and is jointly financed by Union and
State Governments.
 Revolving fund: Rs.25000

17. RMK (Rashtriya Mahila Kosh)/ National Credit Fund
for Women -1993
 RMK is a micro-credit agency for women sponsored by GOI
(Department of Women and Child Development)
 Objective- assisting women below the poverty line in
undertaking income- generating activities through the provision
of a package of financial and other services, and encourages
promotion women SHGs
 Its head office is in New Delhi.

18. MSY (Mahila Sambridhi Yojana) – 1993
•Objective – economic empowerment of women by
encouraging saving habits and enabling them to
become self-sufficient.

19. TANWA: Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture
 TANWA was signed between the Government of India and
the Royal Danish Government (DANIDA).
 TANWA was signed during June 1986.
 Finally changed into TANWABE: Tamil Nadu Women in Agri-
Business & Extension.

20. Employment Programmes

21. NREP (National Rural Employment Programme) -
Year- 1980,Provide wage employment to workers.
RLEGP(Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme) –
15th Aug 1983

22. IAY (Indira Awas Yojana) –(1985-86)
 IAY a sub-plan of RLEGP
 In 1989-90, RLEGP merged with JRY
 But on 1st Jan 1996, IAY was separated from JRY
 Providing shelter to the poor living people.
 Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme

23. JRY (Jawahar Rozgar Yojana) –
1st, April 1989
 JRY = NREP (1980) + RLEGP (1983)
 Expenditure of Central and State 80:20
 Started by Rajiv Gandhi
 Its fund gets distributed among Zila Parishad, Panchayat Samiti,
and Village Panchayat in the ratio of 20: 15: 65
 Work is undertaken under JRY in the ratio for wage and material 60:40.

24. EAS (Employment Assurance Scheme) – 1993
 Provide wages employment for 100 days during the
lean agricultural season
 Expenditure of Central and State 80:20

25. PMRY (Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana)–
2nd Oct 1993
Age group to get subsidy 18 –35

26. SGSY (Swarna Jayanti Gram SwarozgarYojana) –
1st April 1999
 The main program for promoting poverty alleviation through self-employment.
 The program aimed at creating income-generating assets through a mix of bankcredit and
Government Subsidies
 Centre and State Government ratio – 75:25
 The BPL family in SHG formed under SGSY should be 80%
 Bank credit under SGSY available to group corpus up to 4 times
 SGSY replaced IRDP and its allied schemes viz. TRYSEM, DWCRA, SITRA (Supply of
Improved Toolkits to Rural Artisans), GKY, MWS.

27. Annapurna Yojana – 1999
Providing food security (10 kg food grain) to
senior citizens

28. AAY (Antiyodaya Anna Yojana) – Dec 2000
Launched for 1 crore BPL families covered Under TPDS
(Target Public Distribution System). 35 kg of food grains
provided at Rs. 2 per kg for wheat and Rs. 3 per kg for rice.

29. 1) Pradhan MantriGram SadakYojana (PMGSY): 2000.
Link allvillagebypukkaroads
2. SGRY (Sampoorna Grameen RozgarYojana) – 25th Sep 2001
 Centre and State govt. Ratio – 75: 25
 JGSY + EAS = SGRY
 The Centre provides food grains to State at free of cost

30. MGNREGS -Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural Employment Programme
 NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) – 7th Sep 2005
 NREGS (National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme) – 2nd Feb 2006
initially started in 200 districts.
 First started in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh by Dr. Manmohan
Singh
 1st April 2008- Whole country covered under NREGA
 Objective – To enhance the livelihood securities through the provision of 100
days of employment to a household in a financial year who is willing to
do unskilled manual labor work (Article 41)

31.  It provides a legal right for guaranteed employment to the rural population
through an act of Parliament
 Panchayat Raj Institutions have a principal role in planning and
implementation
 NREGA has been renamed as MGNREGA on 2nd Oct 2009
 National food for work program and Sampoorna Grameen rozgar
yojana are merged with MGNREGS.
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32. THANK YOU