The document summarizes the history and key details of various community development and rural employment programs launched by the Government of India since the 1950s. It mentions programs like the Community Development Programme (1952), National Extension Service (1953), Community Development Blocks (1954), Young Farmers' Association (1956), Panchayati Raj system (1959), Training and Visit system (1974), Integrated Child Development Services (1975), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (1989), Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (1999), National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (2005) which was later renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. It provides details on objectives, features
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It described the five years plans of India. Their influencing factors. target sets and achieved. Comprehensive coverage of the plans along with political dynamics.
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International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Administrative Reforms Important Committees and Commissions; Rural Development: Institutions,
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Answers to the questions pertaining to NITI Aayog that were replied in Rajya Sabha on 9th May 2016.
Unstarred Questions:
1) Reduction in centrally sponsored schemes.
2) Estimation of poverty line.
3) Development of infrastructure and connectivity.
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5) Population as a hindrance in development.
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International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Administrative Reforms Important Committees and Commissions; Rural Development: Institutions,
agencies and programmes; Panchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment; Urban Local
Government: Municipal governance; 74th Constitutional Amendment; National Police Commission;
Investigative agencies; Reforms in Police.National Human Rights Commission; Disaster
management; Emerging issues and challenges to Indian administration
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Unstarred Questions:
1) Reduction in centrally sponsored schemes.
2) Estimation of poverty line.
3) Development of infrastructure and connectivity.
4) Utilization of Demographic Dividend for Growth & Prosperity.
5) Population as a hindrance in development.
6) Decrease in Poor People.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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2. Community Development Programmes
2nd Oct 1952 , Started by S.K. Dey
The recommendations of the Fiscal Commission (1949) and the Grow More
Food Enquiry Committee (1952) the CDP was launched on October 2, 1952,
the birth-day of Mahatma Gandhi.
It operated till September 1956, the basic unit is a block.
Basic objective of Community Development in India is the development of
people of "Destination Man".
The main philosophy of the project: co-operation and self-help
Prime Minister as Chairman.
3. Started with 55 community development projects, 400 to 500
miles, comprising 300 villages and a population about 2 lakhs.
The project area divided into 3 development blocks, each
consisting of about 100 villages and a population of 60 to 70
thousand
Each project had about 60 multi-purpose village level workers, one
for each group of 5 to 10 villages. CDP failed because of the lack
of participation of peoples
CDP has 5 stages: Conception, Initiation, Operation,
Consolidation, Finalization
4. National Extension Service (Oct 2, 1953)
Started by S.K. Dey. CDP merged with NES.
Recommended by Grow More Food Committee
Having wider coverage at less cost and more people participation than CDP
Started with 100 villages covering a population of 60,000 to 70,000 over 150 to 170 square
miles. All NES blocks became CD blocks that were achieved by October 1963.
NES covered the Whole country in 1963
Each NES headed by a Block development officer (BDO).
NES is an agency (CDP is a method)
5. Community Development Block
(Oct 2, 1954)
The concept of the Block Development Officer (BDO) emerged.
The operational unit is the development block.
Nalagarh committee recommended merging of NES and CDB
CDB covered the Whole country in 1963
6. Young Farmers' Association
4 H-club was established in 1900 in America to provide
training to youth for agriculture and home development.
4H means Heart, Head, Hand, and Health as explained by
A.B.Graham.
On the basis of the 4H-club of the USA, the Young Farmers
association of India was started by P.S Deshmukh in 1956. He
published a magazine 'Rural Youth' and Gram yuvak
7. Panchayat Raj (Democratic Decentralization)
The word democracy derived from the Greek word ‘Demos’ means
the people.
• ‘Kratos’ means Rule i.e. Peoples Rule.
It is governance of the people, by the people, for the people.
The Term Panchayat Raj was christened by J. L. Nehru
Mahatma Gandhi coined the term panchayat raj system
(PRS) as ”Gram Swaraj”(village self-governance)
8. Balwant Rai Mehta Committee recommended a (1957) three-tier
system of Panchayat raj i.e. Democratic Decentralization. The
recommendation came into force 1st April 1958
The State of Madras tried this as a pilot project as early as 1957.
Panchayati Raj was first started on Oct 2, 1959, at Nagaur
(Rajasthan) inaugurated by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru. 2nd
state Andhra Pradesh in 1959.
Village Panchayat is the lowest unit in the structure of Panchayat Raj
9. Three-tier Panchayat Raj System by
Balwant Rai Mehta committee
District level: Zila Parishad.
Block level : Panchayat Samiti
Village level : Gram Panchayat
10. District Collector to be the chairman of Zila Parishad.
Two-tier Panchayat Raj System by Ashok Mehta (1977) –
Karnataka (It exist in districts where the population is < 2 lakh)
District level: Zila Parishad
Grass rootlevel: Mandal Panchayat
11. Training and Visit System
(T & V system -1974)
The concept of the T and V system was evolved in 1973 by Israeli extension
expert
• Daniel Benor who was a consultant on extension program in World Bank.
Assisted by World bank
Originated in India 1974 & Nepal 1975 by Daniel Banor
T and V system is also called the Baster and Benor Scheme and firstly
evolved inTurkey by incidental learning.
12. T & V system has two phages/ stages- (i) Training and (ii)Visit
First T & V system introduced in Rajasthan (2nd-MP)
West Bengal was the first to implementthe system throughout the state
T& V: Single line of command /Linear model of transfer of technology
Its Top-downapproach
Aimed to achieve changes in production technologies
Features: Professionalism, Single line of command .
Extension agent: Farmer's ratio is 1:800-1200.
13. Ford Foundation in India: 1951-52
Started by Paul Hoffman
Ford foundation team-Agricultural production team (Jan 1959) sponsored
by theFord Foundation was invited to study the country’s food production
problems.
The team submitted a report entitled ‘India’s food crisis and steps to meet it’
in April 1959.
15. ICDS (Integrated Child Development Scheme) –1975
The objective is to improve the nutritional and health
status of children below the age of 6 years and
pregnant and lactating mothers
ICDS Scheme represents one of the world's largest and
most unique programs for early childhood development
16. DWCRA (Development of Women and Child in Rural
Areas) -1982
The mid-term review of IRDP indicated that the flow of assistance to
women members of target group households was very marginal.
The objective is to improve the conditions of women and children in
rural areas through the creation of income.
It is partly supported by UNICEF and is jointly financed by Union and
State Governments.
Revolving fund: Rs.25000
17. RMK (Rashtriya Mahila Kosh)/ National Credit Fund
for Women -1993
RMK is a micro-credit agency for women sponsored by GOI
(Department of Women and Child Development)
Objective- assisting women below the poverty line in
undertaking income- generating activities through the provision
of a package of financial and other services, and encourages
promotion women SHGs
Its head office is in New Delhi.
18. MSY (Mahila Sambridhi Yojana) – 1993
•Objective – economic empowerment of women by
encouraging saving habits and enabling them to
become self-sufficient.
19. TANWA: Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture
TANWA was signed between the Government of India and
the Royal Danish Government (DANIDA).
TANWA was signed during June 1986.
Finally changed into TANWABE: Tamil Nadu Women in Agri-
Business & Extension.
22. IAY (Indira Awas Yojana) –(1985-86)
IAY a sub-plan of RLEGP
In 1989-90, RLEGP merged with JRY
But on 1st Jan 1996, IAY was separated from JRY
Providing shelter to the poor living people.
Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme
23. JRY (Jawahar Rozgar Yojana) –
1st, April 1989
JRY = NREP (1980) + RLEGP (1983)
Expenditure of Central and State 80:20
Started by Rajiv Gandhi
Its fund gets distributed among Zila Parishad, Panchayat Samiti,
and Village Panchayat in the ratio of 20: 15: 65
Work is undertaken under JRY in the ratio for wage and material 60:40.
24. EAS (Employment Assurance Scheme) – 1993
Provide wages employment for 100 days during the
lean agricultural season
Expenditure of Central and State 80:20
25. PMRY (Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana)–
2nd Oct 1993
Age group to get subsidy 18 –35
26. SGSY (Swarna Jayanti Gram SwarozgarYojana) –
1st April 1999
The main program for promoting poverty alleviation through self-employment.
The program aimed at creating income-generating assets through a mix of bankcredit and
Government Subsidies
Centre and State Government ratio – 75:25
The BPL family in SHG formed under SGSY should be 80%
Bank credit under SGSY available to group corpus up to 4 times
SGSY replaced IRDP and its allied schemes viz. TRYSEM, DWCRA, SITRA (Supply of
Improved Toolkits to Rural Artisans), GKY, MWS.
27. Annapurna Yojana – 1999
Providing food security (10 kg food grain) to
senior citizens
28. AAY (Antiyodaya Anna Yojana) – Dec 2000
Launched for 1 crore BPL families covered Under TPDS
(Target Public Distribution System). 35 kg of food grains
provided at Rs. 2 per kg for wheat and Rs. 3 per kg for rice.
29. 1) Pradhan MantriGram SadakYojana (PMGSY): 2000.
Link allvillagebypukkaroads
2. SGRY (Sampoorna Grameen RozgarYojana) – 25th Sep 2001
Centre and State govt. Ratio – 75: 25
JGSY + EAS = SGRY
The Centre provides food grains to State at free of cost
30. MGNREGS -Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural Employment Programme
NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) – 7th Sep 2005
NREGS (National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme) – 2nd Feb 2006
initially started in 200 districts.
First started in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh by Dr. Manmohan
Singh
1st April 2008- Whole country covered under NREGA
Objective – To enhance the livelihood securities through the provision of 100
days of employment to a household in a financial year who is willing to
do unskilled manual labor work (Article 41)
31. It provides a legal right for guaranteed employment to the rural population
through an act of Parliament
Panchayat Raj Institutions have a principal role in planning and
implementation
NREGA has been renamed as MGNREGA on 2nd Oct 2009
National food for work program and Sampoorna Grameen rozgar
yojana are merged with MGNREGS.
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