The document provides information on the major extension systems in India operated by ICAR, including the All India Coordinated Project on National Demonstration (ND), Operational Research Project (ORP), Lab to Land Programme (LLP), Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP), National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP), Extension Education Institutes (EEIs), and National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE). It describes the objectives, activities, and components of these different extension programs and organizations.

1. PHOENIX
COACHING CENTER
impossible to defeat

2. Major Organizational stream in
India
Mr. S. RAJAGURU
Assistant Professor
Department of Agricultural Extension

3. System of Extension In India
இந்தியாவில் விரிவாக்க அமைப்பு
 Front line transfer of technology projects of the ICAR
are: 4 (AICPND, ORP, LLP, KVK)
The first-line transfer of technology projects of the ICAR
i.e., ND, ORP, LLP have integrated with KVK on 1st April
1992. KVK – Non mobile program.

4. All India Coordinated Project on
National Demonstration
 National Demonstration started in the year 1964 for major food crops
 A nationwide project with a uniform design and pattern.
 The area of the demonstration plot was about One hectare
 The rationale behind- "Unless scientists can demonstrate, farmers may nothear”
 The demonstration did by agricultural scientists in association with local extension
workers.
 Multiple cropping systems are usually followed and High yielding varieties (HYV)are
used in this demonstration. This program was given to ICAR in1967.

5. ORP (Operational Research Project)
செயல்பாட்டு ஆராய்ெ்சி திட்டை்
 Started in the year 1974-75
 Demonstrated the latest agricultural technologies on the farmers’ field to
influence the farmers as well as the state extension agencies.
 Disseminating the proven technology in a discipline/ area among farmers
on a watershed basis, covering the whole village or a cluster of the village.
 Implemented mainly through agricultural universities, ICAR institutions,
and theState Department of Agriculture.

6. KVK (Krishi Vigyan Kendra / Agricultural
(Farm) Science Centre)
 First KVK established in Pondicherry under TNAU in 1974 by ICAR.
 KVK established as a result of the Mohan Singh Mehta committee.
 The total number of KVK in India is 731. The total number of KVK in Tamil
Nadu is 31.
 The credit for the success of KVK goes to Dr. Chandrika Prasad
 KVK project sponsored by ICAR and implemented by organizations such as
SAU's, NGO's, and ICAR institutes.

7. Main mandates of KVK -
In short TADA-CD (Technology Assessment and
Demonstration for its wider Application and to enhance
Capacity Development)

8. Main mandates of KVK
• On-Farm Testing (OFT):பண
் மணயில் சொதமை
• Front-line demonstration (FLD):முை்வரிமெ
ஆர்ப்பாட்டை்
• Capacity development- திறை் சைை்பாடு

9. On-Farm Testing (OFT)
 To assess the location specificity of agricultural technologies under various
farming systems i.e. it is a tool for Technology Assessment and
Refinement (TAR). சதாழில்நுட்ப ைதிப்பீடு ைற்றுை் சுத்திகரிப்பு.
 OFWs are normally planned, managed, and evaluated by farmers themselves
with the facilitative role of KVK scientists.
 Successful technologies are upscaled through FLD.
 FLD மூலை் சவற்றிகரைாை சதாழில்நுட்பங்கள் சைை்படுத்தப்படுகிை
் றை.

10. Front-line demonstration (FLD): ஆர்ப்பாட்டம் என
் றால் செய்து
காட்டுதல் . செயல்விளக்கத்தின
் அடிப்படடக் சகாள்டக,
பார்த்தும் செய்தும் கற்றல் .
 Concept of field demonstration evolved by the ICAR with the
inception of the Technology Mission on Oilseeds during mid-
eighties to show the performance of new varieties including
recommended production technologies on farmers’ fields under
real farm situations for increasing productivity and returns.

11. FLD-con.
 Conducted under the supervision of the scientists/specialists
 The target group of FLDs is both farmers and extension personnel
 Organized in a cluster approach involving participating farmers.
• பங்சகற்குை் விவொயிகமள உள்ளடக்கிய ஒரு கிளஸ
் டர் அணுகுமுமறயில்
ஏற்பாடு செய்யப்பட்டது.

12. Capacity development-திறை் வளர்ெ்சி
 Vocational training(சதாழில் பயிற்சி)
 It involves long-term training to progressive farmers,
farm- women, and rural youth in knowledge and
skills, which enables them to start small-scale
enterprises for self-employment or generating an
additional income apart from their farm income.

13. Revised mandates of KVK
 Collaboration with Subject Matter Specialists (SMS) / Scientists
of SAUs/ICAR institutions and State extension personnel in “On-
farm testing" for refining and documenting technologies for
developing region-specific sustainable land-use systems.
 Organize training to update the extension personnel.
 Organize long term vocational training courses in agriculture
and allied vocations for the rural youths.
 Organize front-line demonstrations in various crops.

14. LLP (Lab to Land Programme):
 Started in 1979 (Golden jubilee year of ICAR)
 Objective: To improve the Eg economic condition of small,
marginal farmers and landless agricultural laborers, by transfer of
improved technology developed by SAUs and research
institutions.
 Initiated with 75,000 farm families over the country. Selected
villages are adopted for 5 years.

15. National Agricultural Technology Project
(NATP)
 Launched by the ICAR on June 30, 1998, with the support of the
World Bank.
 To strengthen and complement the existing resources and
complement the resources and to augment the output of the
National Agricultural Research System (NARS).
 NATP project with the life span of 1998-2005.

16. Agricultural Technology Information
Centre
 Established in the year 2000.
 Single Window Delivery system for services and products
of research.

17. National Agricultural Innovation Project
 Launched in the year 2006 by ICAR.
• The overall objective is to facilitate the accelerated and sustainable
transformation of Indian agriculture in support of poverty alleviation
and income generation.

18. National Initiative on Climate Resilient
Agriculture (NICRA)
• ICAR has launched a major Project entitled, National Initiative
on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) during 2010-11 with
an outlay of Rs.350 crores for the XI Plan.
• The project was formally launched by then Hon’ble Union
Minister for Agriculture & Food Processing Industries Shri
Sharad Pawar on 2nd February 2011, with the following
objectives.

19. National Agricultural Higher Education
Project (NAHEP)
 NAHEP has been formulated by ICAR with a total cost of US$ 165 million
(Rupees 1100 crores) for five years starting from 2017-18.
 The project is proposed on a 50:50 cost-sharing basis between the World Bank
and the Government of India, implemented at the Education Division, ICAR,
New Delhi. An ambitious step in investing in infrastructure, competency, and
commitment of faculty and attracting talented students to agriculture.

20. Extension Education Institutes (EEIs):
 EEIs are primarily trainers training center
 Nilokheri (Haryana) – 1959; Anand (Gujarat) – 1962;
 Hyderabad (Telangana) – 1962; Jorhat (Assam) – 1987.
Provide training to middle-level extension functionaries

21. MANAGE (National Institute of Agricultural
Extension Management)
 Started in 1986 at Hyderabad.
 Director general: Dr. P. Chandra Shekara.
 Under the Ministry of Agriculture and farmers welfare
 It is the apex body to offer training for high-level extension functionaries
 The role is to develop management skills
 ICT Tools: Cyber extension project
 Developed expert system: Rice crop doctor
 Publications- Extension Next (quarterly), Extension Digest, 'Agripreneur'
(monthly; in Hindi as "Krishi Udyami”)
 Offers a diploma course- Diploma in Agricultural Extension Services for
Input Dealers (DAESI)

22. Schemes under MANAGE
 “Feed The Future” India Triangular Training Program funded by USAID
and implemented by MANAGE was launched in July 2016 with the
objective to address human and institutional capacity gaps in food &
nutritional security, in select Africanand Asian countries
 Skill Training of Rural Youth (STRY) and Farmers Capacity Assessment
& Certification (FCAC) are schemes of the Government of India, being
implemented through MANAGE.
 Certified Farm Advisor/ Livestock Advisor Program

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