ICT can be used in the transfer of technology through computer and telecommunication systems that allow for receiving, processing, storing, retrieving and transmitting information. The national policy for farmers from 2007 indicated that ICT's potential would be harnessed by establishing knowledge centers in villages. Some examples of successful ICT projects in India include Kisan Call Centers which provide answers to farmers' queries, and initiatives by state governments like Bhoomi in Karnataka and Gyandoot in Madhya Pradesh which provide automated land records. Expert systems have also been developed to diagnose crop pests and diseases.
2. ICT IN TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer-based technology and telecommunication is Information
Technology
Electronic systems for receiving, processing, storing, retrieving, and
transmitting the information. Also known as New Media.
National policy framework for agricultural extension-2000
National policy for farmers (2007) indicated that the potential of ICT would
be harnessed by establishing gyan chapels (Knowledge centers) in villages.
3. History
The term ICT is coined by Stevenson
The word Internet was coined from “international” and “network”
The concept of "World Wide Web (WWW)” is given by Tim Bernese Lee in 1989
1st internet in the world- ARPANET (Advanced Research project Agency
Network) of US Defense Department in 1st Jan 1983
1st internet in India- VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd) in 14th Aug1995.
4. History
Father of the internet- Vint Cerf
Father of computer- Charles Babbage
The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) is coined by John McCarthy
E-mail- Shiva Ayyadurai
5. Concepts
Blog = Web + Log
Web portal- is a website that acts as a multi-source or single source for all
information on a specific domain. Eg. Search Engines
A telecentre- is a public place where people can access computers, the Internet,
and other digital technologies that enable them to gather information, create,
learn, and communicate with others while they develop essential digital skills
Web servers - stores all the web application (collection of web pages) and
transmitsthem in response to the request.
6. FTP Servers: (File transfer protocol) - FTP server stores all types of files.
FTP clients are used to transferring the files between the client and the server.
Domain Name System (or) DNS Servers - Domain Name Sever are used to
translate between the numeric IP Addresses that identify each host computer
on the Internet and their corresponding domain names eg. www.yahoo.com
WWW- is a type of service on the Internet. i.e., the Internet is the backbones
of communication systems whereas WWW is a type of
service that uses communication.
7. Web browser- is a software tool that computers used to
communicate with web servers on the Internet.
Website - is a collection of web pages belonging to a particular
person or organization.
8. TYPES OF NETWORKS BASED ON COVERAGE OF THE
GEOGRAPHICALAREA
LAN (Local Area Network) - used for communicating among computer devices, usually
within an office building or home. Covers a few hundred meters and no more than a mile.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) - is a large computer network that usually spans a city
or a large campus. Covers an area of between 5 and 50 km diameter. Owned and operated by
a single organization.
WAN (Wide Area Network)-It covers a large geographic area such as a country, continent, or
even the whole of the world. It is two or more LANs connected together. The world's most
popular WAN is the Internet.
PAN (Personal Area Network)- It is a network that is used for communicating among
computers and computer devices (including telephones) in close proximity of around a few
meters within a room.
9. New media
Electronic Conferencing: Interactive exchange of
information between individuals or groups in two or
more locations through an electronic medium.
10. Three basic types
1. Audio conferencing – Verbal communication through at Telephone.
2. Video conferencing – Exchange of video information and pictures
betweenindividuals or groups through specialized Equipment.
3. Computer conferencing – involves the exchange of voice and pictures
between two individuals or groups using special software in a networked
environment.
11. Video Text
This refers to an information system with which
text and graphic information are transmitted and
then receives either by a television set with an
adopter.
12. Geographical information system
Computer-assisted methods and procedures used to capture, store,
and analyze data having geographical properties and display
results in a graphical form.
13. Remote sensing
A technique of obtaining reliable information of objects on the
earth surface by using sensors mounted on different platforms.
14. Internet
Defined as the network of networks, which connects tens of
thousands of computers connected to a worldwide network.
15. Public Information Kiosks
Basic communication and information centers for rural development.
It uses the internet to capture information relevant to the clientele
group.
Asia’s highest number of information kiosks implemented across
rural India.
16. Interactive multimedia
A combination of computer and video. Permits to learn
interactively using real situations, at a time pace and suitable
location.
17. Telephone and Mobile phone technology
KCC functioning all over India which gives answers to the
farmer's queries in local languages, Dynamic Market Information
(DMI), Domestic and Export Market Intelligence Cell (DEMIC),
e-velanmai in Tamil Nadu.
18. • Electronic bulletin boards
Also known as newsgroups or forums online discussion groups,
where subscribers seek help and debate on a wide range of issues.
• Desktop publishing
A new development that has emerged with the advent of micro
computers. Produces documents where graphics and text can be
integrated on the same page.
19. • Electronic Mail
Computerized information management system to send and receive the messages.
• Decision Support Systems - Expert systems
Computer programs that emulate the logic and problem-solving proficiency
of a human expert.
Use heuristics a problem-solving technique that uses experience-based
thumb rules to arrive at appropriate solutions.
20. • Fax or facsimile
It is a device for transmission of a written document,
photograph, map, or any graphic material electronically.
• VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal Technology Service)
Satellite-based network for business communication.
For example, this technology links a corporate house with its
service units located in remote areas, using a satellite
network.
21. Successful ICT projects in India
Central government initiatives (Dept of Agriculture and Co-operation)
Knowledge management initiative of NAIP-
Kisan Call Centres (KCC).
22. State Government Initiatives
Bhoomi project Karnataka
Gyandoot Dhar (MP),
2000
FRIEND (fast, reliable, instant,effective,
network for disbursement of service)
Kerala
PEARL(Package for Effective Administration of
Registration Law), KISAN, Akshaya and e-Krishi.
Kerala
CARD (Computer-Aided Registrationof Deeds) e-
SAGU,e-Seva FAST (Fully Automated System for
Transport)
1998– AP
2004-APAP
23. Village information kiosk AP Developed by MANAGE
SARI (Sustainable Access in Rural
India)
Melur, Madurai
(TN), 2001
Agri-tech portal
27th Oct 2009in
TN Funded by RKVY
RASI (Rural Access to Service through
Institution) TamilNilam
2003 in TN
Warna Wired Villages MH-1988
aAQUA- almost All Questions
Answered
Pune, MH, 2003
SEWA (self-employed women
association)
Gujarat-1972
AKASH GANGA Gujarat-1996
Integrated solution for the
automated milk collection
center
24. Examples for expert system
Wheat crop- Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), New DelhiDeveloped an
expert system wheat crop management system (EXOWHEM)
Rice crop Doctor: by MANAGE (National Institute of Agricultural ExtensionManagement)
to diagnose pest and diseases
Expert system for grapes-developed by IIHR, Bangalore.
Expert system developed by TNAU (2013)- Paddy, Sugarcane, Coconut, Banana,Ragi; Cattle
and Buffalo, Sheep and Goat, Poultry
AGREX: Centre for informatics and advancement, Kerala- to give correct advice byextension
worker to farmers
Farm Advisory System- PAU, Ludhiana
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