The document provides an extensive overview of open access (OA) resources, defining its characteristics and justifications, historical development, and various models of OA publishing. It emphasizes the benefits of OA for researchers, readers, institutions, and society, while also discussing challenges and misconceptions. Additionally, the document lists organizations, directories, and standards related to OA, as well as recommendations for promoting OA in academia.

1. Open Access Resources for Quality Research
S.RA

2. Open
 open as in not closed
 open as in free
 free as in gratis
 free as in libre
 open as in access
 open as in reuse and change
 open as in over time
 open as in any place and for
anyone

3. What is Open?
 Free
 Shared
 Choices
 Ability to adapt
 Cost effective
 Ability to tailor &
build your own
 Creative Commons
 Freedom of info and
use
• Quality assurance
• Varied availability
by disciplines
• Available to
anybody
• Digital
• Often multimedia
• Accessibility—more
accessible to some
and less to others

4. Open Access Definition
 The Guru of Open Access Harnad (2008) has
described the characteristics of Open Access.
"Information, which is Free, immediate,
permanent, full-text, on-Line and accessible".
Harnad suggests three main justifications of OA:
 “Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online,
free of charge, and free of most copyright and
licensing restrictions. What make it possible is
the internet and the consent of the author or
copyright-holder”.
 - Peter Suber

5. Open Access
 Open Access (OA) can foster information and
knowledge sharing within research,
educational, and scientific communities in
traditionally economically disadvantaged
regions.
 According to BOAI (Budapest Open Access
Initiative)the concept of Open Access refers
to "[the] free availability on the public internet,
permitting any users to read, download, copy,
distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts
of these articles, crawl them for indexing,
pass them as data to software, or use them
for any other lawful purpose, without
financial, legal, or technical barriers other
than those inseparable from gaining access

6. Why Open Access?
 Libraries have to pay huge amount on the
journals and other information sources.
 Through the open access the libraries in
smaller institutions and with limited fund can
have greater access to these scholarly
resources.
 Open access helps to ensure long-term
access to scholarly articles.
 Ease of preservation and dissemination of
scholarly information.
 Increased access to the world of knowledge.

7. Historical Development of OA
 The first online-only, free-access journals
(eventually to be called "open access journals")
began appearing in the late 1980s. Among them
was Bryn Mawr Classical Review, Postmodern
Culture and Psycoloquy.
 Since 1990s
 National Academies Press
 provided free online full-text editions of their
books alongside priced, printed editions
 open access journals
 The first free scientific online archive
was arXiv.org, started in 1991

8. Historical Development of OA
• The Association of Research Libraries developed
the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources
Coalition (SPARC), in 1997
 In 1997, the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM)
made Medline (freely available in the form of PubMed)
 In 1998, the American Scientist Open Access
Forum was launched
 In 1999,Open Archives Initiative and its OAI-
PMH protocol for metadata harvesting was launched in
order to make online archives interoperable.
 The first OA initiatives, was initiated from a meeting of
convinced by the Open Society Institute (OSI) on
December 1-2, 2001 at Budapest.
 The purpose of the meeting was to create effort to make

9. Historical Development of OA
 Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI),
 Took place in Feb. 2001, where the term "open
access" was coined and the two strategies of Green
OA (self-archiving) and Gold OA (open access
publishing)
 Bethesda statement, and
 In June 2003, "open access will be an essential
component of scientific publishing in the future and
that works reporting the results of current scientific
research should be as openly accessible and freely
useable as possible. Libraries and publishers should
make every effort to hasten this transition in a fashion
that does not disrupt the orderly dissemination of
scientific information"
 Berlin Declaration (Oct. 2003).

10. Historical Development of OA
 DOAJ was the result of the first Nordie Conference
on Scholarly Communication in Lunch/Copenhagen
in 2002. (http://www.lub.lu.se/ncse2002)
 Public Library of Science (PLOS) in 2003
 OpenDOAR
(Open Directory of Open Access Repositories)
 DOAB was launched 21 May 2013
(Directory of Open Access Books)

11. Models of Open Access
Publishing
Gold Open Access
 Publication of a scholarly article in an open
access journal, usually peer-reviewed, and
financed through article publication charges.
Green Open Access
 The archiving of a scholarly publication for
public access in a repository other than that of
the publisher,
 e.g., an institutional repository (IR) or
discipline-related repository service.

12. What can be made available under
Open Access?
 Peer-reviewed research articles
 Un refereed preprints destined to be peer-reviewed
research articles
 Theses and Dissertations
 Research data
 Government data source code conference
presentations (texts, slides, audio, video)
scholarlymonographs textbooks novels, stories, plays,
and poetry newspapers
 Archival records and manuscripts images (artworks,
photographs, diagrams, maps) teaching andlearning
materials (“open education resources” and “open

13. What Faculty Can Do to Promote
Open Access
 Submit your research articles to OA journals, when
there are appropriate OA journals in your field.
 Deposit your preprints in an open-access.
 Deposit your post- prints in an open-access repository.
 Deposit your data files in an OA archive along with the
articles built on them.
 Educate the next generation of scientists and scholars
about OA.
 Write opinion pieces (articles, journal editorials,
newspapers op-eds, letters to the editor,discussion
forum postings) advancing the cause of OA.
 When asked to referee a paper or serve on the

14. What Open Access Is Not?
 Open Access isn’t an attempt to bypass peer review.
 Open Access isn’t an attempt to reform, violate, or abolish
copyright.
 Open Access isn’t an attempt to deprive royalty-earning
authors of income.
 Open Access isn’t an attempt to deny the reality of costs.
 Open Access isn’t an attempt to reduce authors’ rights
over their work
 Open Access isn’t an attempt to reduce academic
freedom.
 Open Access doesn’t require boycotting any kind of
literature or publisher.
 Open Access isn’t primarily about bringing access to lay

15. Features of Open Access
 All materials are available internet or online.
 Always free availability of scholarly
publication.
 Anybody from anywhere the material can be
accessed by without any favoritism
 Free copyright and licensing restrictions
 Full text materials are available round the
clock
 Material can be freely used by anyone.
 Multi-media, scholarly articles and their

16. Nine flavors of open access
Wilinsky (2003) identified
 E-print archive (authors self-archive pre – or post
prints)
 Unqualified (immediate and full open access
publication of a journal)
 Dual mode (both print subscription and open
access versions of a journal are offered)
 Delayed open access (open access is available
after a certain period of time)
 Author fee (authors pay a fee to support open
access)
 Partial open access (some articles from a journal
are available via open access)
 Per capita (open access is made available to
countries based on per-capita income)
 Abstract (open access available to table of
contents/abstracts) and

17. Issues and Challenges
 The extent and quality of peer review
 The technologies and cost associated with the
capture and display of information
 The technologies and the costs associated with the
various distribution channels
 The pricing policies ands subsequent business
exercised by the various types of scholarly
publishers
 The ever-increasing expectations of the principal
consumer with regard to the method of information
delivery along with its cost, availability, and extend
of access.
 The impact of new technologies and current
publishing economics on other sector of the
communication process, namely, authors, libraries
and allied industries such aggregators and
subscription agents.

18. Open Access Benefits
 Research and publication
 The researchers have wider visibility and usage of their
research findings through open access.
 Increased exposure to research also increases citation rate.
 It connects with a global society more easily and
researchers can publish without printing costs
 Teaching staff and students
 It provides free articles for teaching and learning and no
disparity between rich and poor
 To author
 It gives a worldwide audience to the author, prestigious or
popular, and demonstrably increases the visibility
 Citizens
 It accelerates the research into new medicines, useful
technologies, solved problems, and informed decisions that

19. Open Access Benefits
 To readers
 Readers can have barrier free access to the latest
literature
 To Society
 The society as a whole benefits from an expanded and
accelerated research with more effectively
 Journals and publishers
 It makes their articles more visible, discoverable,
retrievable, and useful and this superior visibility to
attract submissions and advertising.
 Funding agencies
 It increases the return on their investment in research,
making the results of the funded research more widely
available, more discoverable, more retrievable, and
more useful.

20. Open Access Benefits
 Governments
 It promotes democracy by sharing non-classified
government information as widely as possible
 Libraries
 Academic librarians want to help faculties increase their
audience and impact, and help the university raise its
research profile.
 It solves the pricing and permission crisis for scholarly
journals.
 Colleges
 Universities benefit from their researchers' increased
impact and increase their visibility
 Benefits to Nations
 It promotes local research into all interoperable network

21. Barriers to Open Access
 High cost of ICTs infrastructures and
connectivity and poor telecommunication
infrastructure:
 Adequate Funding to make and promote the
internet infrastructure in developing countries
 Inadequate encouragement, lack of
awareness and misconceptions of the
existence and benefits:
 Managing IPR (Copy right) through different
publishing agreements

22. Organizations Involved in
promoting OA
 Access to knowledge
http://schools.aucegypt.edu/Business/A2K4D/Pages/default.aspx
 Alliance for Taxpayer Access http://www.taxpayeraccess.org
 Australian Government Open Access and Licensing Framework
http://www.ausgoal.gov.au/
 California Open Educational Resources Council
http://coolfored.org/about.html
 Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL)
http://www.carl-abrc.ca/advancing-research/scholarly-
communication/open-access/
 Center for Research Communication http://crc.nottingham.ac.uk/
 Confederation of Open Access Repositories https://www.coar-
repositories.org/
 Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org

23. Current Standards to facilitate OA
research publication
 Connecting Research and Researchers
(ORCID)http://orcid.org
 COUNTER Code of Practice for Articles
http://www.projectcounter.org/counterarticles.html
 Creative Commons
(Licenses)http://creativecommons.org
 CrossRef http://www.crossref.org
 FundRefhttp://www.crossref.org/fundref
 IRUS-UK http://www.irus.mimas.ac.uk
 ISNI (International Standard NameIdentifier)
http://www.isni.org
 Sherpa/Juliet http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/index.php

24. Open Access Publishing
Directories
 Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB)
http://doabooks.org
 Directory of Open Access Journals
(DOAJ)http://www.doaj.org
 Free Medical
Journals/http://www.freemedicaljournals.com
 Institutional Archives Registry http://roar.eprints.org
 Open Access Directory
http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/Main_Page
 Open DOAR http://www.opendoar.org
 ROAR http://roarmap.eprints.org
 ROAD http://road.issn.org

25. Open Access Search Engines
 BASE: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine
http://www.base-search.net
 CiteSeerX http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu
 Core: Connecting Repositories
http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/search
 Google Scholar http://scholar.google.co.in
 Microsoft Academic Search
http://academic.research.microsoft.com
 OAIster (WorldCat) http://oaister.worldcat.org


26. Indian Open Access Journals
 Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center
(AIRCC) http://airccse.org
 CSIR-NISCAIR Journal
http://www.niscair.res.in/ScienceCommunication/sci.as
p?a=topframe.htm&b=leftcon.a
 sp&c=ResearchJournals/rejour/rejour1.htm&d=test
 Indian Academy of Science
http://www.ias.ac.in/Journals/Overview
 Indian Medlars Centre MedInd Journals
http://www.indmed.nic.in/medindlist.html
 Indian Society for Education and Environment
http://www.iseeadyar.org/index.htm
 Medknow Journals http://www.medknow.com

27. Open Access Journal
Publisher
 Biomed Central http://www.biomedcentral.com
 Computational psychiatry
http://computationalpsychiatry.org
 • Intech http://www.intechopen.com
 Journal Springer Open
http://journal.chemistrycentral.com
 Network
Neurosciencehttp://www.mitpressjournals.org/netn
 Open Mind http://open-mind.net
 PLoS http://www.plos.org
 PeerJ https://peerj.com


28. Open Access E-books
 Alex Catalogue of Electronic Texts
http://infomotions.com/alex
 Amedeo Challenge http://www.amedeochallenge.com
 Authorama http://www.authorama.com
 Bartleby http://www.bartleby.com
 • DOAB: Directory of Open Access Books
http://doabooks.org
 eBooks@Adelaide https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au
 OAPEN http://www.oapen.org/home
 Open Library https://openlibrary.org
 InTech open Books http://www.intechopen.com/books

29. Open Access Standard
Sources
 • ECMA International open standards
http://www.ecma-
international.org/publications/standards/Standard.htm
 OASIS Open standards https://www.oasis-
open.org/standards
 Open Geospatial Consortium
http://www.opengeospatial.org standards
 OpenStandards.net http://www.openstandards.net
 World Wide Web Consortium open Standard
http://open-stand.org

30. Open Access Patent Sources
 IusPat
http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/auspat/
quickSearch.do
 Esp@cenet http://ep.espacenet.com
 Indian Patent Office
http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/publicsearch
 US Patent and Trademark Office
(PTO)http://patft.uspto.gov

31. Open Access ETD Sources
 • Australian University Theses & Dissertationshttp:// trove.nla.gov.au
/result? q=+&l-format=Thesis
 DiVA portal http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/search.jsf
 DART-Europe E-Theses Portalhttp://www.dart-europe.eu/basic-
search.php
 Mahatma Gandhi University Online Theses Library
http://www.mgutheses.in
 NDTLD /http://www.ndltd.org
 Open Access Theses and Dissertations: OATD http://oatd.org
 • Open Directory Project Free Dissertations
http://www.dmoz.org/search?q=free+dissertation
 OpenThesis.org http://www.openthesis.org
 PQDT OPEN: ProQuest Digital Theses
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com
 ShodhGanga, India /http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in

32. E-print Archive
 ArXiv.org http://arxiv.org
 CERN Document Server http://cds.cern.ch
 Chemical Sciences Repository http://www.rsc.li/repository
 Cogprints http://cogprints.org
 Cryptology ePrint Archivehttps://eprint.iacr.org
 Eprint Networkhttp://www.osti.gov/eprints
 HAL-SHS Archive of scientific literaturehttps://halshs.archives-
ouvertes.fr/search/index
 HAL open archive Scholarly documents https://hal.archives-
ouvertes.fr/search/index
 Institut Nicod Eprints Archive ttp://jeannicod.ccsd.cnrs.fr /search
 Lanl Arxiv E-Print Archive
 https://www.trentu.ca/library/help/databases/lanlarchives
 MédiHal open archive of scientific images
 https://medihal.archives-ouvertes.fr

33. Open Education Courseware
 Carnegie Mellon http://oli.cmu.edu/learn-with-oli/see-
our-free-open-courses
 Harvard OpenCourseWare
http://www.extension.harvard.edu
 Johns Hopkins Opencourseware http://ocw.jhsph.edu
 MIT Open Courseware (OCW) http://ocw.mit.edu
 Notre Dame /http://ocw.nd.edu
 NPTEL/http://nptel.ac.in
 Open.Michigan /http://open.umich.edu/education
 Open Yale Courses /http://oyc.yale.edu/courses
 Oxford Mathematics
OpenCourseWarehttps://www.maths. ox.ac.uk
/opencourseware

34. Consortium of Open courseware
(OCW)
 GUIDE - Global Universities in Distance
Educationhttp://www.guideassociation.org
 ISSUU: Open Course Ware
Consortiumhttp://issuu.com/ocwconsortium
 Japan Opencourseware Consortium (JOCW)
http://www.jocw.jp/index.htm
 OCW Consortium Europe
http://www.opencourseware.eu
 Open CourseWare Consortium on
Vimeohttp://vimeo.com/ocwconsortium
 Ocw Universia Consortium http://ocw.universia.net/en
 Taiwan Opencourseware Consortium

35. Open Online Learning Tools
 Codecademy http://www.codecademy.com
 Courserahttps://www.coursera.org
 Duolingo https://www.duolingo.com
 Edx/https://www.edx.org
 EduTopiahttps://www.edutopia.org/blog/googles-open-
course-builder-todd-finley
 Khan Academy https://www.khanacademy.org
 Massive Open Online Courses https://www.mooc-list.com
 Open Online education
https://edu.google.com/openonline/index.html
 Purdue OWLhttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl
 Queensland University of Technology
https://www.qut.edu.au/study/open-online-learning

36. Virtual Libraries/Subject
Gateways
 Hathi Trust Digital Library https://www.hathitrust.org
 Infoport/http://infoport.inflibnet.ac.in
 Internet Public Library http://www.ipl.org
 Intute http://www.intute.ac.uk
 Social Science Cyber Library
http://www.socsccybraryamu.ac.in/index.php/users-
component/subject-gateways
 Vifamath: the Virtual Library of Mathematics
http://vifamath.de
 WWW Virtual Library http://vlib.org
 WorldWideScience.org http://worldwidescience.oorg

37. Open Access Video Lectures
 Academic Earth http://academicearth.org
 Bioinformatics Center of BTIS net
https://sites.google.com/a/sgbau.ac.in/bioinformatics-
centre-of-btisnet/open-access-videolectures
 Engineering Tube http://engineeringtube.net
 Free Lecture videos http://www.freelecturevideos.com
 Free Science Videos and Lectures
ttp://www.freesciencelectures.com
 Open Yale courses http://oyc.yale.edu
 Video Lecture http://videolectures.net
