The document discusses the key elements used to determine climate, including temperature, precipitation, wind, humidity, vapor pressure, vegetation, solar radiation, and sky conditions. It provides details on measuring and describing each element, and how local factors like wind direction, building materials, and surrounding environment should be considered in planning and design.
The climate of a region is ultimately determined by the radiation energy of the sun, and its distribution and temporal fluctuations. The long-term state of the atmosphere is a function of a variety of interacting elements. They are: Solar radiation, Air masses, Pressure systems (and cyclone belts),Ocean Currents, and topography.
The climate of a region is ultimately determined by the radiation energy of the sun, and its distribution and temporal fluctuations. The long-term state of the atmosphere is a function of a variety of interacting elements. They are: Solar radiation, Air masses, Pressure systems (and cyclone belts),Ocean Currents, and topography.
Climatology is the science of studying the average atmospheric conditions of a region in long-term perspective. The primary goal of Climatology is to study the unique characteristics of atmosphere in controlling the global climate, origin, types of climates, causes and processes influencing the climatic variations, elements of weather and the impact of climate on humans or vice-versa.
Urban Spaces - Climatic slides for Urban Dynamics and Regeneration course.
Master of Science in Sustainable Urban Design. Razak Faculty, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
What difference between weather and climate?Aadil Shaikh
What difference between weather and climate? The climate at a given location on the globe is called the regional climate. It is defined by the statistical characteristics of local weather conditions, obtained over a long period of time. The regional climate informs us about the seasonal variations typical of a region.
TEMPERATURE
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Layers of the ATMOSPHERE
WEATHER and CLIMATE
LATITUDINAL ZONES
ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER & CLIMATE
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD
Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
Climatology is the science of studying the average atmospheric conditions of a region in long-term perspective. The primary goal of Climatology is to study the unique characteristics of atmosphere in controlling the global climate, origin, types of climates, causes and processes influencing the climatic variations, elements of weather and the impact of climate on humans or vice-versa.
Urban Spaces - Climatic slides for Urban Dynamics and Regeneration course.
Master of Science in Sustainable Urban Design. Razak Faculty, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
What difference between weather and climate?Aadil Shaikh
What difference between weather and climate? The climate at a given location on the globe is called the regional climate. It is defined by the statistical characteristics of local weather conditions, obtained over a long period of time. The regional climate informs us about the seasonal variations typical of a region.
TEMPERATURE
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Layers of the ATMOSPHERE
WEATHER and CLIMATE
LATITUDINAL ZONES
ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER & CLIMATE
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD
Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
Brief explanation on the classification of climates.
Each of classification with details of climate elements.
The characteristics of building built in those of climate conditions.
Some of the theories are now certainly outdated and have little interest to a modern builder, but some contain still valid information about important goals of building, notably on the questions of functionality, construction, economy and ecology. While theory of design is intended to help design, it does not necessarily precede design. On the contrary, the first building where a new architectural style is exposed, is usually created intuitively, without the help of any theory, just by the skill of a brilliant architect. The design theory comes a little later, and even less brilliant architects can then base their work on it.
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AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
The six climates are normally designated as Hot and Dry, Warm and Humid, Moderate, Cold and Sunny, Cold and Cloudy and Composite. The criteria of allocating any location in India to one of the first five climate zones are that the defined conditions prevail for more than six months.
THIS PPT EXPLAINS HOW TO SHAPE SHELTERS IN WARM HUMID CLIMATE.
Climate is a long term Pattern of weather in a particular area
Weather can change from hour to hour, day to day, month to month
A regions weather pattern usually tracked for at least 30 years are considered it’s climate
Different part of world have different climate
DEFINITION
It is a meteorological condition including temperature, rain/precipitation and wind that characteristically prevail in a particular region.
TYPE
Today climate scientists split earth in to approximately five main type of climate-
1.Tropical climate
2.Dry climate
3.temperate climate
4.continetal climate
5.polar climate
ELEMENTS
Climate consists of following elements:-
1. Atmospheric pressure. 6.cloud and weather
2. Temperature
3. Humidity
4. Rain/Precipitation
5.wind
CLIMATE CHANGE
• It refers to any distinct change in measures of climate lasting for a long period of time, including major changes in temperature, rainfall, snow, or wind patterns lasting for decades or longer. Climate change may result from:
• Natural factors
such as changes in the Sun’s energy or slow changes in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun; natural processes within the climate system (e.g., changes in ocean circulation)
• Human activities
That change the atmosphere’s make-up (e.g, burning fossil fuels) and the land surface (e.g., cutting down forests, planting trees, building developments in cities and suburbs, etc.).
Similar to Dbn163 # 02. elements, factors planning & designing (20)
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2. ♦ The weather elements are used to describe climate
and also to determine the type of climate for a
region.
♦ Three most significant climate elements used to
determine climate are temperature(1)
, precipitation(2)
and wind(3)
.
♦ The other parameters are humidity(4)
, vapor
pressure(5)
, vegetation(6)
, solar radiation(7)
and sky
condition(8)
.
Introduction
3. 1. Temperature
• Measured in degree Celsius
(ºC) with a mercury
thermometer.
• The dry-bulb te m pe rature or
‘True Air Te m pe rature ’
– value taken in the shade
– thermometer being mounted
inside a louvered wooden box –
Stevenson Screen at a height
of 1.2 to 1.8m
– place at open area or space
6. 2. Humidity
Defined as the mass of water vapor present in unit
volume of air or space and is expressed in g/kg or
g/m3
1. Absolute Humidity (AH)
The actual amount of moisture present in unit mass
of air
2. Saturation-point Humidity (SH)
The amount of moisture the air can hold
3. Relative Humidity (RH)
The ratio of the actual amount of moisture present
to the amount of moisture the air could hold at the
given temperature
RH = AH/SH x 100%
7. 2. Humidity (cont’d)
• Measured with wet and dry-bulb hygrometer
• Hygrometer consists of 2 ordinary mercury
thermometer mounted side by side
• The first one measured the air (dry-bulb)
temperature (DBT) and the other one is
covered with a gauze or wick and is kept
wet which measures the wet-bulb
temperature (WBT)
8. Dry and wet bulb hygrometer
Whirling sling
hygrometer
9. 3. Precipitation
• the collective term used for rain, snow, hail, dew
and frost – all forms of water deposited from the
atmosphere
• measured by rain gauges and expressed in
millimeters per time unit = mm/month, mm/day
11. • Convectional rain
- results from the heating of the earth’s surface that
causes air to rise rapidly
- as the air rises, it cools and moisture condenses
into clouds and precipitation
3. Precipitation (cont’d)
12. • Orographic rain
- results when warm moist air of the ocean is forced
to rise by large mountains
- as the air rises it cools, moisture in the air
condenses and clouds and precipitation result on
the windward side of the mountain while the
leeward side receives very little
- common in British Columbia
3. Precipitation (cont’d)
13. 4. Vapor pressure
• the partial pressure of water present in the air
• varies in different places from time to time
• temperatures gives the main influence to vapour
pressure
• measured in the standard SI pressure unit, N/m2
or
milibar (mb)
• measured with Barometer
14. 5. Wind / Air movement
• resulting from the differences of two vapour
pressures
• there are three global belts of winds in each
hemisphere : trade winds, westerlies and polar
winds
• there are wind systems known as the monsoons
which are the result of annual differences in heating
of land and sea areas
15. 6. Vegetation
• can influence the local or site climate
• it is an important element in the design of outdoor
spaces, providing sun shading and protection from
glare
• their shape and color, also their preferred
orientation and situation will give the influence to
the climate
16. 7. Solar radiation
• an electromagnetic radiation emitted from the sun
• the solar spectrum is broadly divided into three
regions : ultra violet (uv), visible light and infra red
(ir)
• the solar energy at upper limit of the atmosphere
varies from 1.8 – 2.0 cal/cm2
/min according to the
earth’s distance from the sun and the solar activity
• selectively absorbed in the atmosphere according
to the wavelength
18. 8. Sky condition
• usually described in terms of presence or absence
of clouds
• the sky conditions between morning and afternoon
are different and this will affect the design of roofs,
overhangs and shading devices
• sky luminance values are needed if daylighting in
buildings is to be predicted
19. 8. Sky condition (cont’d)
Cloud
• can be differentiate by its shape and height
• can be divided into 3 categories :
i) Low cloud – ground level to 6000 feet, made of
water drops, name start with cumulo
ii) High cloud – 20000 to and above, made of ice
crystal, name start with cirro or cirrus
iii) Intermediate cloud – 6000 to 20000 feet, made
of water drops and ice crystal, name start with alto
21. A LOCAL FACTORS IN
PLANNING &
DESIGNING
BALKHIZ ISMAIL . FSPU, UiTM SARAWAK
22. Factors in Planning & Designing
A study of local climate is needed in planning &
design. The factors to be considered are :
1. Wind Directions
2. Selection of Materials
3. Radiation (direction of sun)
4. Condition of surrounding
5. Precipitation
6. Airmovement
23. Factors in Planning & Designing
i) Wind Direction
~ Should be recognize to make sure other building
are not obstructed.
A good of building
arrangement
Poor of building
arrangement
24. i) Wind Direction(cont’d)
~ It is also influenced by the roof shape of the building.
Wind
direction
Flat roof
Wind direction
Pitch roof
Factors in Planning & Designing
25. ii) Selection of building material
~ Depends on climate.
~ In example, used of cavity brick to reduce heat loss
from buildings.
iii) The Direction of sunrise & sunset (Radiation)
~ The balcony is built to prevent radiation from entering
the buildings.
~ Built a window hood.
Factors in Planning & Designing
26. iv) The condition of surrounding area
~ Eg. In industrial area
~ Building materials must be durable to acid rain
v) Precipitation
~ Heavy rain for the whole year
~ Pitch roof is used
~ Gutter built to ensure the rain water goes to the drains
~ Corridor to prevent dirty on wall
vi) AirMovement
~ Large opening for doors & window
~ Enable warm air flow outside the building.
Factors in Planning & Designing
28. 1) Radiation
~ Direct radiation – esp. in the desert, no obstruction
~ Indirect radiation – Vegetation – obstruct the sun
radiation
2) Humidity
~ Different region/place will experience the different
humidity/moisture content of air.
~ It’s depends on the amount of rainfall & evaporation
process
Factors – Weather vs. Surrounding
29. 3) Altitude
~ The higher the place, the temperature is become lower
~ Eg : Fraser Hill, Cameron Highland
4) Vegetation
~ Vegetation (trees) absorbed the heat / radiation.
~ Evaporation rate is reduce.
Factors – Weather vs. Surrounding