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Dairy cattle breeds

The document discusses various breeds of dairy cattle, dairy animals, and dairy goats. It provides details on the origin, physical characteristics, milk production capabilities, and ancestors of breeds such as Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Ayrshire, Milking Shorthorn, Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Philippine Carabao, Murrah, Saanen, Toggenburg, Alpine, and La Mancha. It also discusses factors considered in selecting dairy cattle and the development of crossbreeds like Australian Freisian Sahiwal and Jamica Hope.

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BREEDS OF DAIRY CATTLE Margie Lumanggaya-Bibat, MSA
Dairy cattle • The conventional dairy breeds of cattle were developed mainly from the taurine species.
Factors in choosing cattle for milk production • Breed popular in the community • High salvage value of the animal
• Holstein and Bos indicus breed Sahiwal known as Australian Freisian Sahiwal (AFS) developed in Autralia, are being promoted by the government. • In the selection of dairy cows, dairy operations look for properly attached udder and strong feet. These characteristics are best indicators that a cow will remain high produces for a long time.
Holstein • Originated from Holland • Weighs 1, 000 kg for male and 681 for female • Normally black and white- colored • Yields an average of 6, 850 kg of milk annually • Very low % fat: 3.70 • Very large udder • Bos primigeniusas ancestor
RED AND WHITE • The evolution of Holstein dairy breed, the Red and White. • characteristics similar to Holstein breed, except for a difference in color markings. • Years ago, Holstein producers would cull red-colored Holsteins because the animals were not eligible for registration. • 1966 that these cattle registered as a breed.
Jerseys • From Jersey Island • Weighs 682 kg for males and 500kg for females • Gray, fawn, black hair color the blackish hairs have white tips to give grey color, or red tips to give a fawn color; can also be solid black or white • Yields only 4, 650 kg annually • Small, strong udder • B. longifronsas their ancestor • Smallest dairy cattle breed
Brown Swiss • Originated from Switzerland • Weghs 908 kg for male and 636 kg for female • Brown in color • Yields 5, 650 kg milk/year (intermediate) • 4.2% milk fat • Large strong udder • B. longifronsas ancestor
Guernseys • Originated from Guernsey Island • Weighs 773 kg for males and 500 kg for males • Fawn-colored; with few white hairs • Low milk yield with only 4, 950 kg per year • 4.2% milk fat • Medium size, strong udder
Ayrshire cattle • The cattle from Holland (Holstein) and the Channel Island (Guernsey and Jersey) were used to produce Ayshire with red varying from light to brownish shade to very dark mahogany. • Originated from Scotland • Weighs 839 kg for male and 545 kg for female • Red and white-colored • Intermediate milk-yield/year:5, 400kg • 4.2% milk fat (intermediate) • Large, strong udder • B. primigeniusand B. longifrons as ancestors
Milking Shorthorn • From England • Weighs 908 kg for males and 636 kg for females • Red, roan or white, and/or combination of hair colors • Yields 4, 750kg of milk/year • Low to intermediate milk fat: 3.90% • With large, strong udder • B. longifronsas their ancestor
Other Breeds from Pakistan
Dairy Breed that are promoted by the government
Australian Freisian Sahiwal (AFS) • Crossbreed of Holstein and Bos Indicus breed Sahiwas. • Legs proportionate to size with good feet. In the male the sheath is pendulous. • The tails is long with a black switch. Udder is large, broad and fine. • Teats are good, uniform in size and squarely placed. Milk veins are large and prominent. • Milk yield – 1400-2500 kgs • Age at first calving - 37-48 months; Calving interval – 430-580 days • A new breed called Jamica Hope has been evolved out of Sahiwal and Jersey crossbreeds in Latin America and West Indies.
Other Dairy Animals (Carabao, and Goat)
Tharparkar • Originated from West Pakistan • White hair color • Milk Production: 2, 500 kg/lactation
Sahiwal • Originated from Pakistan • Reddish with light brownish red hair color • Produces 2, 100 kg milk/lactation
Red Sindhi • Originated from West Pakistan • Red with occasional white hair color • Produces 1, 700 kg milk/lactation
BREEDS OF CARABAO A. Swamp Type 1. Philippine Carabao • Philippine origin. • light gray with two stripes or chevron district on the ventral side of the neck, one near the brisket and the other near jaw. • Horn is generally curved outward and inward to form a semi-circle from the base of the head. • Low wide and heavy built body with sufficient type for draft and meat. • The average mature weight for a male is 500 kgs while the female is 425 kgs with average milk production of 1.45-2.64 kgs per day.
BREEDS OF CARABAO 2. River Type a. Murrah • India by origin. • black with a white switch in the tail; skin texture is soft and fine. • Horn is tightly and spirally curled. • Massive and stocky built, and light neck and head; • short limbs, broad hips and drooping quarter; • wedge shape conformation. • Udder and teats are well developed; • teats are black, long, and stout. • Male and female average weight is 625 and 525 kgs, respectively with average milk production of 5-7 kg a day.
BREEDS OF GOAT Saanen • Saanen is another Swiss breed. These goats are large, kind, and friendly. This breed of goats generally all- white, with forward-facing ears.
2. Toggenburg • From Switzerland, smaller than the Nubian and Saanen, distinguishing features are markings on the face, legs, and tails; erect ears. BREEDS OF GOAT
3. Alpine • Alpines are originated in Switzerland. They were later imported to France and England, and then to the United States. Most Alpines are either, black and white, brown and white, but can have various other color patterns. This breed has dished, or curved, noses, and upright ears. BREEDS OF GOAT
4. La Mancha • This breed was developed in the United States of a Spanish breed that was crossbred with other breeds. This breed is distinguished by having very short ears. BREEDS OF GOAT
REFERENCES • https://www.dairymoos.com/breeds-of-dairy-cattle/ • https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fww w.dairymoos.com%2Fbreeds-of-dairy-cattle%2F&psig • https://www.farmanddairy.com/top-stories/how-to-identify- common-dairy-cattle-breeds/423717.html • Green Empire Licensure Examination in Agriculture Reviewer • AgEdLibrary.com • Alchetron, Aug 07, 2020, Australian Friesian Sahiwal, Retrieved from https://alchetron.com/Australian-Friesian- Sahiwal • Dairy Knowledge Portal, Sahiwal, Retrieved from https://www.dairyknowledge.in/article/sahiwal
• Yvette Tan, December 15, 2017, Get to know how carabaos could give high profits to farmers for dairy purposes in the Philippines, Retrieved from https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2017/12/15/from-grass-to-glass-profiting- from-carabao-dairy/ • BKN, Saanen Goat, Retrieved from https://agriana-info.all.biz/en/saanen-goat- g2152216 • Namibia, October 25, 2016, Know Your Livestock: Toggenburg goat breed News, retrieved from https://www.namibian.com.na/157309/archive-read/Know- Your-Livestock-Toggenburg-goat-breed • Boer Goats Profits Guide, Raising Alpine Goats (2020): Ultimate Guide for Beginners, Retrieved from https://www.boergoatprofitsguide.com/raising-alpine- goats/ • Murrah buffaloes in the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC) at its Central Mindanao University facility in Maramag, Bukidnon, September 20, 2020, Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murrah_buffalo • American dairy Goat Association, 2019, 2019 LaMancha National Show Results 2019 LaMancha Champion Photos, Retrieved from https://nationalshow.adga.org/2019-lamancha-national-show-results/ REFERENCES
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