1. Important breeds of Cattle,
Buffalo,
Sheep and Goat
• Breed:
➢ A breed is a group of animals having similar characters in
phenotypically( like general appearance, size, features, configuration )and
Genotypically which developed through the repeated selection and
breeding.
• Species
➢ A group of individual which have certain common characteristics that
distinguish them from other groups of individuals is known as Species.
6. NBAGR
• Established on 21st September, 1984 at Bangalore in the form of twin
institutes namely ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources and
National Institute of Animal Genetics
• the two institutes were merged to function as a single entity in the form of
ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBAGR)
in 1995 HQ Karnal Haryana state.
• This premier institute is dedicated to work with its mandate of
identification, evaluation, characterization, conservation
and utilization of livestock and poultry genetic resources of
the country.
• Motto is “No animal in the country is called as Non descript”
7. • ICAR-NBAGR (Breed Registration Committee (BRC) in its 10th meeting
held on 31th August, 2022, )registered ten new breeds of indigenous
livestock species in the country.
• These breeds are -Kathani cattle (Maharashtra), Sanchori cattle (Rajasthan)
and Masilum cattle (Meghalaya);
• Purnathadi buffalo (Maharashtra)
• Sojat goat (Rajasthan), Karauli goat (Rajasthan) and Gujari goat
(Rajasthan);
• Banda pig (Jharkhand), Manipuri Black pig (Manipur) and Wak Chambil pig
(Meghalaya).
• After including these breeds, total number of registered indigenous breeds
are 212, including 53 for cattle, 20 for buffalo, 37 for goat, 44 for sheep, 7
for horses & ponies, 9 for camel, 13 for pig, 3 for donkey, 3 for dog, 1 for
yak, 19 for chicken, 2 for duck and 1 for geese.
8. • BREEDS OF CATTLE
• INDIGENOUS
Indigenous Breeds are classified under three groups based on utility
/ purpose.
a) Milch breeds
b) Dual Purpose breeds
c) Draught breeds
• Milch Breeds
The cows of these breeds are high milk yields and the male animals
are slow or poor work animals.
• shahiwal, Red Sindhi, Gir and Deoni
• The milk production of milk breeds is on the average more than
1600 kg per lactation
• Dual Purpose Breeds:
The cows in these breeds are average milk yielder and male
animals are very useful for work. Their milk production per lactation
is 500 kg to 150 kg. The example of this group is Ongole, Hariana,
9. • Draught Breeds:
The male animals are good for work and Cows are poor milk yielders
• Avg.milk yield is less than 500 kg per lactation.
• They are usually white in color.
• Draught poer : A pair of bullocks can haul 1000 kg. Net with an iron typed cart on a
good road at walking speed of 5 to 7 km per hour and cover a distance of 30 - 40 km
per day. Twice as much weight can be pulled on pneumatic rubber tube carts. The
example of this group Kangayam, Umblacherry, Amritmahal, Hallikar (Mysore cattle).
13. Sahiwal
•Origin Montgomery region of undivided India.
•Synonym: This breed otherwise known as Lola
(loose skin), Lambi Bar, Montgomery, Multani,
Teli.
•Best indigenous dairy breed.
•Reddish dun or pale red in colour, sometimes
flashed with white patches.
•Heavy breed with symmetrical body having
loose skin.
•The average milk yield of this breed is between
1400 and 2500 kgs per lactation.
14. Gir
•Origin: Gir forests of South Kathiawar in
Gujarat also found in Maharashtra and adjacent
Rajasthan.
•Basic colours of skin are white with dark red or
chocolate-brown patches or sometimes black or
purely red.
•Horns are peculiarly curved, giving a ‘half moon’
appearance.
•Ears pendulous, Long Leafy like ,downwards
•Milk yield ranges from 1200-1800 kgs per
lactation.
•This bread is known for its hardiness and
disease resistance
15. Red Sindhi
• This breed is otherwise called as Red Karachi and Sindhi and Mahi.
• Origin: Karachi and Hyderabad (Pakistan) regions of undivided India and also reared in certain
organized farms in our country.
• Colour is red with shades varying from dark red to light, strips of white.
• Milk yield ranges from 1250 to 1800 kgs per lactation.
• Bullocks despite lethargic and slow can be used for road and field work.
16. CATTLE BREEDS OF OF KARNATAKA
HALLIKAR KHILLARI
These are characterized by their speed and endurance and hence,
used for transportation . They are known as drought breeds.
Amritmahal
17. • Also known as kongu and konganad.
• Originated in Kangayam, Dharapuram, Perundurai, Erode, Bhavani and
part of Gobichettipalayam taluk of Erode and Coimbatore district
Tamilnadu state.
• Bulls are grey body with dark black colour in hump, fore and hind
quarters.
• The horns are spread apart, nearly straight with a slight curve
backwards.
• Cows are grey or white.
• The eyes are dark and prominent with black rings around them.
• Moderate size with compact bodies.
• Draught breed
18. • It is also called as Wadad or Waged, Wadhiar.
• Originated from Southeast Rann of Kutch of Gujarat and adjoining
Rajasthan (Barmer and Jodhpur district).
• The horns are lyre-shaped.
• Colour of the animal varies from silver-grey to iron-grey or steel black.
• The gait of Kankrej is peculiar called as 1 ¼ paces (sawai chal).
• Kankrej is valued for fast, powerful, draught cattle. Useful in ploughing
and carting.
• The cows are good milkers, yielding about 1400 kgs per lactation.
Kankrej
19.
20. HF
• originated from the northern parts of Netherlands, especially in the
province of Friesland.
• Largest dairy breed and ruggedly built is shape and possess large udder.
• Breeds have typical marking of black and white that make them easily
distinguishable.
• The average milk production of cow is 6000 to 7000 kgs per lactation.
21. JERSEY
• Originated from Jersey Island, U.K.
• Smallest of the dairy cattle.
• In India this breed has accliamatized well and is widely used in cross
breeding with indigenous cows.
• The typical colour of Jersey cattle is reddish fawn.
• Dished forehead; compact and angular body.
• Economical producers of milk with 4.5% fat.
• Average milk yield is 4500 kgs per lactation.
22.
23. Ayrshire
• Origin: Scotland and considered as most beautiful dairy breed. These are
very active animals but hard to manage.
• They do not produce as much milk or butter fat (only 4%) as HF.
• The breed was also known as Dunlop cattle or Cunningham cattle
24. • Poda Thurpu, also known as Thurpu Edlu or Poda Edlu, is a breed of
cattle found chiefly in Nagarkurnool district, Telangana state in southern
India.
• Poda is a local word meaning "spotted" or "speckled", referring to the
brown or white patches on the animal's coat, while thurpu is the Telugu
word for "east", which refers to the origin of the breed in eastern
Telangana.
• It is bred in the hilly and forested section of Nagarkurnool that forms part
of the Nallamala Hills
• Draught breed
27. • CLASSIFICATION OF BUFFALO BREEDS:
• 1. Swamp buffaloes of Eastern half of Asia., Chromosome no.48
• 2. Reverine buffaloes of western half Asia ,Chromosome no.50
• (Bubalus bubalis)..
• 3. Mediterranean buffaloes essentially reverine buffaloes developed for
beef and Dairy
• Classification of Riverine Buffalo Breeds
1. Murrah group: Murrah, Nili Ravi, Kundi, Banni
2. Gujarat group: Surti, Mehasana, Jaffarabadi
3. Uttar Pradesh group: Bhadawari, Tarai
4. Central India group: Nagpuri, Pandharpuri, Marathwada, Monda, Jerangi,
Kalahandi, Sambalpuri
5. South India group: Toda, South Canara, Godavari
28. • Points to be remembered:
• Jet black colour and tightly curled horns are present in Murrah breed of
buffalo in India.
• Murrah (Male) is used in Grading-up (Breeding Program) with
undescriptive local buffalos
• Wall eyes are present in Nili Ravi breed of buffalo in India.
• Mainstay of AMUL dairy in Anand is Surti buffalo.
• Mehasana buffalo is cross between Murrah and surti
• Heaviest Indian buffalo native of Gujarat is Jaffarabadi
• Copper coloured skin is a peculiarity of Bhadawari buffalo
• Sword shaped horns are present in Nagpuri buffalo
• Toda buffalo coat colours are fawn and ash-grey.
29. • The Murrah breed
• origin : Rohtak, Hisar and Jind of Haryana and Nabha and Patiala
districts of Punjab states of India and Punjab province of Pakistan,
but has been used to improve the milk production of dairy buffalo in
other countries, such as Italy, Bulgaria and Egypt.
• Synonym: Delhi buffalo
• Breed Characteristics:
• The color is usually jet black with white markings on tail, face and
extremities sometimes found
• massive body, neck and head comparatively long,
• horns short and tightly curved,
• udder well developed, hips broad and
• fore and hind quarters drooping.
• The tail is long reaching up to the fetlocks.
• . Bulls weigh 550 kg and cows 450 kg.
• The average milk yield per lactation is 1,500 to 2,500 kg, and the
age at first calving is 40 to 45 months. The intercalving period is 450
to 500 days.
31. • SURTI
• The breeding tract of this breed is Kaira and Baroda
district of Gujarat.
• Coat colour varies from rusty brown to silver-grey. ...
• The body is well shaped and medium sized; the barrel is
wedge shaped.
• The head is long with prominent eyes.
• The horns are sickle shaped, moderately long and flat.
32. • The peculiarity of the breed is two white collars, one
round the jaw and the other at the brisket.
• The milk yield ranges from 900 to 1300 kg.
• The age at first calving is 40-50 months with a
intercalving period of 400-500 days.
• The peculiarity of this breed is very high fat percentage
in milk (8-12per cent).
33. Suriti buffalo
• Mehsana
Mehsana Buffalo - Mehsani is famous as
persistent milker and regular breeder. - :
The breed is considered to be a cross
between Surti & Murrah.
Breeding tract : It is named after the town
of Mehsana. Breeding Tract is in and
around Mehsana, Banaskantha and
Sabarkantha districts of the northern part
of Gujarat.
35. • Toda breed of buffaloes is named after an ancient tribe, Toda of
Nilgiris of south India.
• Coat colour of the calf is generally fawn at birth.
• In adult the predominate coat colours are fawn and ash-grey.
• These buffaloes are quite distinct from other breeds and are
indigenous to Nilgiri hills.
• The animals have long body, deep and broad chest, and short and
strong legs.
• The head is heavy with horns set well apart, curving inward outward
and forward.
• Thick hair coat is found all over the body. They are gregarious in
nature.
36. • Maharashtra.
• Body colour varies from light black to deep black.
• It is medium sized animal having long narrow face, very prominent and straight nasal bone,
comparatively narrow frontal bone and long compact body.
• Typical characteristic of this breed is its horns which are very long, curved backward, upward and
usually twisted outwards.
• The horns are very long extending beyond shoulder blade, sometimes up to pin bones
38. • CLASSIFICATION OF SHEEP:
• Based on utility:
• Apparel wool: Kashmir Merino, Nilgiri, Avivastra, Bharat Merino, Karnah,
Nali/chokla,
• Gurez, Changthangi, Gaddi, Magra, Sonadi.
• Carpet Wool: Chokla, Nali, Pattanwadi, Tibetan, Avikalin, Gaddi, Poonchi,
Chottanagpuri,
• Coimbatore, Marwari, Jaisalmeri, Pugal.
• Meat & Carpet: Muzzafarnagari, Jalauni, Deccani, Bellary, Ganjam, Balangir,
Shahabadi,
• Madrasred, Tiruchy Black, Kenguri.
• Meat: Nellore, Mandya, Hassan, Mecheri, Ramnad white, Kilakarsal, Vembur.
• Meat, wool and Milk: Sonadi.
❖ Southern peninsular region has the highest sheep population in India
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43. KASMIRIS ROYAL CAP
• This cap made from the skin of a Karakul lamb is very popular in Kashmir. This fur
has a soft, curly texture, a velvety feel, and a glossy sheen
44. Pashmina is known world over as
cashmere wool, it comes from a special
PASHMINA goat (Capra hircus) living at an
altitude of 12000 to 14000 ft.
57. Exotic Swine breeds based on utility
Lard Type Bacon Type
Eg; Poland China Eg: 1. Tamworth
1. Durac 2. LARGE WHITE Yorkshire
2. Chester White
3. Hampshire
4. Spotted Poland
5. China
6. Berkshire
58. • The 4 types of livestock production
systems
• 1. Extensive system of livestockproduction
• 2. Intensive systems of livestockproduction
• 3. Semi-Intensive system of livestock
production
• 4. Mixed farming /Integrated livestock
production system
60. Registered Breeds Of Pig
S.N. Breed Home Tract Accession Number
1. Ghoongroo West Bengal INDIA_PIG_2100_GHOONGROO_09001
2. Niang Megha Meghalaya INDIA_PIG_1300_NIANGMEGHA_09002
3. Agonda Goan Goa INDIA_PIG_3500_AGONDAGOAN_09003
4. Tenyi Vo Nagaland INDIA_PIG_1400_TENYIVO_09004
5. Nicobari Andaman & Nicobar INDIA_PIG_3300_NICOBARI_09005
6. Doom Assam INDIA_PIG_0200_DOOM_09006
7. Zovawk Mizoram INDIA_PIG_2700_ZOVAWK_09007
8. Ghurrah Uttar Pradesh INDIA_PIG_2000_GHURRAH_09008
9. Mali Tripura INDIA_PIG_1900_MALI_09009
10. Purnea Bihar and Jharkhand INDIA_PIG_0325_PURNEA_09010
11. Banda Jharkhand INDIA_PIG_2500_BANDA_09011
12. Manipuri Black Manipur INDIA_PIG_1200_MANIPURIBLACK_09012
13. Wak Chambil Meghalaya INDIA_PIG_1300_WAKCHAMBIL_09013
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63. • Extensive rearing
• Grazing the animals in the entire open pasture and leaving them there for the whole season is the
extensive system of rearing.
• In this method feed cost is very much reduced.
• It is not conducive to making the best use of the whole grasses. So we can preferably practice the
rotational grazing method.
• Rotational grazing method
• Rotational grazing should be practiced under which the pasture land should be divided by
temporary fences into several sections.
• The animals are then moved from one section to another section. By the time the entire pasture is
grazed, the first section will have sufficient grass cover to provide second grazing.
• Parasitic infestations can be controlled to a great extent.
• Further, it helps to provide quality fodder (immature) for most part of the year.
64. • Ranching System
• The system is commonly found in lowland, Europe, where it was
introduced by colonial settlers into Africa and Asia.
• Herds or flocks are kept in large sizes on open land area
surrounding by fence.
• Imported breeds HF JERSEY or their crosses are stocked under
ranches.
• Pasture as the main source of feed receives quality improvement in
form of agronomic inputs, maintenance, conservation and control.
65. • Semi-intensive system
• intermediate between extensive and intensive system followed in some
flocks having limited grazing.
• It consists of provision of stall feeding, shelter at night under shed and 3 to 5
hour daily grazing and browsing on pasture and range.
• It involves extensive management but usually with controlled grazing of
fenced pasture.
• In this method the feed cost somewhat increased.
• advantages
• Meeting the nutrient requirement both from grazing and stall feeding.
• Managing medium to large flock of 50 to 350 heads and above.
• Utilizing cultivated forage during lean period.
• Making a profitable gain due to less labour input.
•
66. • Intensive system-zero grazing-system
• It is a system in which animals are continuously kept under housing in
confinement with limited access to land or otherwise so called zero grazing
system in which they are stall fed.
• However, this has the advantage of close supervision and control over the
animals.
• In this method the dung is collected in one place and used as a good
fertilizer.
• Less space is sufficient for more number of animals.
• Demerit:
• requires more labour and high cash input.
