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Beef cattle breeds

The document summarizes the origins of modern cattle breeds. It discusses that primitive cattle originated in India from the aurochs species. Some related species like the yak were also domesticated in places like Tibet, parts of Asia, and Siberia. Modern cattle include the Bos Taurus from Europe without humps, and the Bos indicus from tropical regions like India with humps adapted to warmer climates. The document then provides details on the characteristics and origins of various beef and dairy cattle breeds from different parts of the world.

Science◦
MLBibat 2020 1 Margie Lumanggaya-Bibat, MSA
ORIGIN OF MODERN CATTLE Aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius)  India thought to be the homeland of primitive cattle which later expanded to Eurasia and North Africa.  Some species related to the Aurochs also underwent domestication  Yak (Poephagus grunniens)  From mountains of Tibet  Some regions of middle Asia  South Siberia MLBibat 2020 2
3 ORIGIN OF MODERN CATTLE  Genus Bibos  (B banteng) or Ban Cattle  (B frontals) or gayal  From India, Malay archipelago and Indochina, particularly Burma. Probably first domesticated during the Stone Age, with 10,000 B.C. from the wild ox or Bon primegenius. MLBibat 2020
4 ORIGIN OF MODERN CATTLE  Modern cattle family Bovine, genus Bos a. Bos Taurus  Of Europe origin such as Shorthorn or Jersey.  Without humps and therefore of temperate origins. b. Bos indicus  Of tropical origin such as the Brahman or Zebu of India or Afrikander of Africa. MLBibat 2020
5 5 ORIGIN OF MODERN CATTLE b. Bos indicus  Hump Cattle  Adapted to tropical conditions (has survived through centuries exposure to inadequate conditioned such as food supplies, insect pests, parasites/diseases and extreme weather conditions. c. Crosses of two, Sta.Gestrudis (5/8 Shorthorn, 3/8 Brahman) and Brangus (5/8 Brahman) MLBibat 2020
ORIGINS OF MODERN CATTLE  Characteristics of Zebu breeds as compared to temperate breeds:  Large hump over top of shoulder and neck  Large pendulous  Dewap having large amounts of excess skin  Highly developed sweat glands (perspire more freely)  Oily secretion from the sebaceous glands MLBibat 2020 6
MLBibat 2020 7 Zebu breeds Country Products Brahman US Meat, Hardiness Indu-Brazil Brazil Meat, Hardiness Kankref India Draft, Meat, Milk Krishna India Draft, Resistant to Tick Fever Nellore Brazil Meat Red sindhi Pakistan Milk Sahlwal India Milk Sta. Gertudis US Beef Quality Tharparkar India Milk Draft
MLBibat 2020 8 Temperate breeds Country Products Angus Scotland Meat Chianina Italy Draft, Meat Simmental Switzerland Milk, Butter, Cheese,Draft Ayrshire Scotland Milk, Butter, Cheese Brown Swiss Switzerland Milk , Cheese Guernesey France Milk, High Butterfat Holstein-Freisian Netherlands High-Producing Dairy Cow Jersey France Milk, Butterfat
There are 278 identifiable breeds worldwide: • 33 as beef breeds • 18 as draft • 39 as meat-draft • 54 meat dairy • 21 dairy-draft • 61 meat-dairy-draft • 51 dairy breeds MLBibat 2020 9
 In the Philippines, the most impact was carried through the Brahman through the pioneering of efforts of Mr. Antonio Nocom of Ansa Farms of Tiboli and Tantangan in South Cotabato and Lipa, Batangas, Sarangani Cattle owned by the Consunji’s.  Christopher Columbus and others brought cattle to the New World.  At present the Mathling Corporation of Lano del Sur, holds the distinction as the only Southeast Asian breeder of the beefalo. In fact, it holds the most number of beefalo semen outside of North America. MLBibat 2020 10
MLBibat 2020 11 WAGYU  Japanese breed  native Asian cattle  90% black cattle with the remainder being of the red strains Kochi and Kumamoto.
ANGUS British breed Scotland Polled Small calves Early maturing MLBibat 2020 12 Red (Recessive) Black
Hereford Hereford County England Red/Brown Body White face & white underline Imported 1817 Polled developed in Iowa 1902 MLBibat 2020 13 Polled Horned
SHORTHORN NE coast of England Red – White – Roan Imported 1870 Horned or Polled Milking Shorthorn (Dairy Breed) MLBibat 2020 14
MURRAY GREY Developed in Australia from Angus bull plus Shorthorn cow Light silver to chocolate or dun grey Dark skin helps prevent cancer eye Polled - easy calving - docile MLBibat 2020 15
TEXAS LONGHORN • Texas from Spanish cattle • Variations of colors and patterns • Lanky bodies with long legs and feet built for speed • Small calves at birth • Horns 6 feet or more MLBibat 2020 16
PINZGAUER Austria 1600’s Horned or Polled Hardy – Docile Easy calving ability Pigmented skin under a chestnut red coat and white markings on the back, tail and barrel MLBibat 2020 17
BELGIAN BLUE • Heavy muscled • Calving problems MLBibat 2020 18
OTHER BREEDS MLBibat 2020 19 Scotch Highland White Park
OTHER BREEDS MLBibat 2020 20 Watusi Red Poll
CHARLOIS France – imported 1960’s White Horned or Poll Large frames Heavy muscle Calving problems Crossbreeding programs MLBibat 2020 21
LIMOUSIN • France • Wheat – Rust – Black • Horned or Poll • Good carcass quality • Reproduction good MLBibat 2020 22
MAINE-ANJOU • France (Mancelle X Shorhorn) • 1969 Nebraska • Red coats spotted with white and some black • Large, well-muscled with good feed efficiency • Heat and cold tolerant MLBibat 2020 23
BLONDE D’AQUITAINE • France • United States in 1972 • Wheat colored and Horned • Lean muscling - High growth rate • Docile – Easy calving MLBibat 2020 24
SIMMENTAL Simmen Valley in Berner Oberland, Switzerland. Pale gold to dark reddish brown – Head usually white Very docile - Easy to manage High fertility – Hardy - Good mothering/milking ability MLBibat 2020 25
CHIANINA One of the oldest breeds - Central Italy United States; 1971 White to steel gray with black pigmented skin Well-defined muscling used for draft - meat Not noted for their milk MLBibat 2020 26
OTHER BREEDS MLBibat 2020 27 Marchigiana Piedmontese
AMERICAN BRAHMAN Developed in U.S. from India cattle Light gray or red to almost black Long productivity life Resists many diseases & insects Temperature tolerant MLBibat 2020 28
OTHERS MLBibat 2020 29 Gur Cow Indu-Brazil Bulls
Beefmaster South Texas 1931 ¼ Hereford ¼ Shorthorn ½ Brahman (Composite breed) Strong maternal traits Heat, drought and insect resistant No set color pattern but are generally light red to dark red and some will have white mottle on their faces. MLBibat 2020 30
BRANGUS USDA Experiment Station at Jeanerette, Louisiana 1912 3/8 Brahman by 5/8 Angus Black - Poll - Heat Tolerance Docility – Muscularity - Early Puberty Maternal Strengths - Mothering Ability MLBibat 2020 31
RED Brangus 3/8 Brahman by 5/8 Angus Solid red – Polled Other characteristics similar to the (Black) Brangus MLBibat 2020 32
SANTA GERTRUDIS King Ranch – Kingsville, TX 5/8ths Shorthorn and 3/8ths Brahman Red – Horned or Polled Harsh ranching climates MLBibat 2020 33
OTHER 5/8 3/8 Brahman Crosses MLBibat 2020 34 Brayford Brahmousin
OTHER 5/8 3/8 Brahman Crosses MLBibat 2020 35 Simbrah Charbray
Commercial CATTLE MLBibat 2020 36 Black Baldies
REFERENCES MLBibat 2020 37  American WAGYU Association, Retrieved by https://wagyu.org/breed-info/what-is-wagyu  Japanese Wagyu Beef, 17 August 2020, Essential Guide to Japan's Gourmet Steak, Retrieved by https://livejapan.com/en/article-a0001254/  Animal Care Technologies, Beef Cattle Breeds, Retrieved from https://www.slideserve.com/ugo/act-beef-cattle- breeds  Green Empire Licensure Examination in Agriculture Reviewer.
Thank You MLBibat 2020 38