Abstract: Now-a-days so many road accidents occur due to driver distraction while he is driving. Those accidents are broadly depends upon wide range of driver state such as drowsy state, alcoholic state, depressed state etc. Even driver distraction and conversation with passengers during driving can lead in major problems. To address the problem we propose a Driver fatigue Monitoring and
warning system based on eye-tracking, which is consider as active safety system. This system is useful and helpful for drivers to be alert while driving. Eye tracking is one of the major technologies for future driver system since human eyes contains much information. Sleepiness reduces reaction time of safe driving. The driver distraction is measured by the person eye closure rate for certain period while driving. It is implemented by comparing the image extracted from video and the video that is currently
performing. The percentage of eyes is compared from both the frames, if the driver is suspected to be sleeping then a warning alarm is given to alert the driver
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Automated Driver Fatigue Detection and Road Accident Prevention System: An Intelligent Approach to Solve a Fatal Problem. At least 4,284 people, including 516 women and 539 children, were killed and 9,112 others were injured in 3,472 road accidents across Bangladesh in 2017. Some of those accidents could have been avoided if proper systems were implemented at the time. This project focuses on creating a system based on EEG (Electroencephalogram) and ECG (electrocardiogram) signal from driver which will alert a driver about drowsiness while driving.
Drowsiness State Detection of Driver using Eyelid Movement- IRE Journal Confe...Vignesh C
A presentation on Drowsiness State Detection of Driver using Eyelid Movement in IRE Journal publications in Volume 2 Issue 10 2019. In the field of automobile, drowsiness causes more setbacks, which this presentation initiate a step in finding the solution.
it is a presentation based on image processing used in the field of fatigue detection while driving which can save many life as well as prevent accident.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit:
https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2020/12/driver-monitoring-systems-present-and-future-a-presentation-from-xperi/
For more information about edge AI and computer vision, please visit:
https://www.edge-ai-vision.com
Petronel Bigioi, CTO for Imaging at XPERI, presents the “Driver Monitoring Systems: Present and Future” tutorial at the September 2020 Embedded Vision Summit.
Monitoring drivers and passengers inside of vehicles is an increasingly critical capability. For example, driver monitoring is required in order for cars to obtain a top safety rating from NCAP. This presentation introduces XPERI’s driver and in-cabin monitoring solutions and examines real-world use-cases in which these solutions are being deployed.
Bigioi illustrates the evolution of these technologies as they have been used in conventional cars, as they are increasingly being used in cars with partial self-driving capability, and how they are likely to be used in fully automated vehicles. This goes well beyond driver monitoring to include new types of safety features as well as non-safety uses such as entertainment, personalization, human-machine interfaces and even monitoring occupant health.
Driver Drowsiness is a grave issue resulting in many road accidents each year. To evaluate the exact number of sleep related accidents because of the difficulties in detecting whether fatigue was a factor and in assessing the level of fatigue is not currently possible. In this paper the camera will be placed besides the rare view mirror of car in way such that it is in clear view of the frontal face of the driver. This camera will continuously capture the video of driver’s frontal face while driving. The system will detect the frontal face in the image and later the eyes. Depending upon the conditions the system will generate an alert. The focus will be on the system that will accurately monitor the open or closed state of the driver’s eyes in real-time. By monitoring the eyes, it is believed that the symptoms of driver fatigue can be detected early to avoid accidents.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Automated Driver Fatigue Detection and Road Accident Prevention System: An Intelligent Approach to Solve a Fatal Problem. At least 4,284 people, including 516 women and 539 children, were killed and 9,112 others were injured in 3,472 road accidents across Bangladesh in 2017. Some of those accidents could have been avoided if proper systems were implemented at the time. This project focuses on creating a system based on EEG (Electroencephalogram) and ECG (electrocardiogram) signal from driver which will alert a driver about drowsiness while driving.
Drowsiness State Detection of Driver using Eyelid Movement- IRE Journal Confe...Vignesh C
A presentation on Drowsiness State Detection of Driver using Eyelid Movement in IRE Journal publications in Volume 2 Issue 10 2019. In the field of automobile, drowsiness causes more setbacks, which this presentation initiate a step in finding the solution.
it is a presentation based on image processing used in the field of fatigue detection while driving which can save many life as well as prevent accident.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit:
https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2020/12/driver-monitoring-systems-present-and-future-a-presentation-from-xperi/
For more information about edge AI and computer vision, please visit:
https://www.edge-ai-vision.com
Petronel Bigioi, CTO for Imaging at XPERI, presents the “Driver Monitoring Systems: Present and Future” tutorial at the September 2020 Embedded Vision Summit.
Monitoring drivers and passengers inside of vehicles is an increasingly critical capability. For example, driver monitoring is required in order for cars to obtain a top safety rating from NCAP. This presentation introduces XPERI’s driver and in-cabin monitoring solutions and examines real-world use-cases in which these solutions are being deployed.
Bigioi illustrates the evolution of these technologies as they have been used in conventional cars, as they are increasingly being used in cars with partial self-driving capability, and how they are likely to be used in fully automated vehicles. This goes well beyond driver monitoring to include new types of safety features as well as non-safety uses such as entertainment, personalization, human-machine interfaces and even monitoring occupant health.
Driver Drowsiness is a grave issue resulting in many road accidents each year. To evaluate the exact number of sleep related accidents because of the difficulties in detecting whether fatigue was a factor and in assessing the level of fatigue is not currently possible. In this paper the camera will be placed besides the rare view mirror of car in way such that it is in clear view of the frontal face of the driver. This camera will continuously capture the video of driver’s frontal face while driving. The system will detect the frontal face in the image and later the eyes. Depending upon the conditions the system will generate an alert. The focus will be on the system that will accurately monitor the open or closed state of the driver’s eyes in real-time. By monitoring the eyes, it is believed that the symptoms of driver fatigue can be detected early to avoid accidents.
This project represents a way of developing an
interface to detect driver drowsiness based on continuously
monitoring eyes and DIP algorithms. Micro sleeps that are short
period of sleeps lasting 2 to 3 seconds are good indicator of
fatigue state. Thus by continuously monitoring the eyes of the
driver by using camera one can detect the sleepy state of driver
and timely warning is issued.
Aim of the project is to develop the hardware which is very
advanced product related to driver safety on the roads using
controller and image processing. This product detects driver
drowsiness and gives warning in form of alarm and as well as
decreases the speed of vehicle.Along with the drowsiness
detection process there is continuous monitoring of the distance
done by the Ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor detects the
obstacle and accordingly warns the driver as well as decreases
speed of vehicle.
Vision based system for monitoring the loss of attention in automotive driverVinay Diddi
This is a real time driver drowsiness detection system is used to alert the driver when he is drowsy. It consist of raspberry pi and OpenCV image processing library.
With the growth in population, the occurrence of automobile accidents has also seen an
increase. A detailed analysis shows that, around half million accidents occur in a year , in India
alone. Further , around 60% of these accidents are caused due to driver fatigue. Driver fatigue
affects the driving ability in the following 3 areas, a) It impairs coordination, b) It causes longer
reaction times, and, c)It impairs judgment. Through this paper, we provide a real time
monitoring system using image processing, face/eye detection techniques. Further, to ensure
real-time computation, Haarcascade samples are used to differentiate between an eye blink and
drowsy/fatigue detection.
MagicEye® helps drivers avoid accidents due to fatigue. The system warns the driver immediately after a fatigue event is detected. It monitors biometric parameters of the driver continuously. This information can be sent to a back office so that fleet operators can manage driver fatigue of the entire fleet over time.
This Presentation is on the topic of Driver drowsiness Detection .
In this presentation We will discuss the Techniques used to detect drowsiness and compare some techniques
In the end we conclude and provide some suggestions regarding future work.
Thanks
Google Self Driving Cars
The Google Self-Driving Car is a project by Google that involves developing technology for autonomous cars. The software powering Google's cars is called Google Chauffeur. Lettering on the side of each car identifies it as a "self-driving car". The project is currently being led by Google engineer Sebastian Thrun, former director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street View. Thrun's team at Stanford created the robotic vehicle Stanley which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and its US$2 million prize from the United States Department of Defense. The team developing the system consisted of 15 engineers working for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and Anthony Levandowski who had worked on the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges.
Legislation has been passed in four states and the District of Columbia allowing driverless cars. The U.S. state of Nevada passed a law on June 29, 2011, permitting the operation of autonomous cars in Nevada, after Google had been lobbying in that state for robotic car laws. The Nevada law went into effect on March 1, 2012, and the Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles issued the first license for an autonomous car in May 2012, to a Toyota Prius modified with Google's experimental driverless technology. In April 2012, Florida became the second state to allow the testing of autonomous cars on public roads, and California became the third when Governor Jerry Brown signed the bill into law at Google HQ in Mountain View. In July 2014, the city of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho adopted a robotics ordinance that includes provisions to allow for self-driving cars.
Videos
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCLyNDhxwpqNe3UeEmGHl8g
Driver drowsiness monitoring system using visual behavior and Machine Learning.AasimAhmedKhanJawaad
Drowsy driving is one of the major causes of road accidents and death. Hence, detection of
driver’s fatigue and its indication is an active research area. Most of the conventional methods are
either vehicle based, or behavioral based or physiological based. Few methods are intrusive and
distract the driver, some require expensive sensors and data handling. Therefore, in this study, a low
cost, real time driver’s drowsiness detection system is developed with acceptable accuracy. In the
developed system, a webcam records the video and driver’s face is detected in each frame employing
image processing techniques. Facial landmarks on the detected face are pointed and subsequently the
eye aspect ratio, mouth opening ratio and nose length ratio are computed and depending on their
values, drowsiness is detected based on developed adaptive thresholding. Machine learning
algorithms have been implemented as well in an offline manner. A sensitivity of 95.58% and
specificity of 100% has been achieved in Support Vector Machine based classification.
Driver drowsiness detection is a car safety technology which helps prevent accidents caused by the driver getting drowsy. Various studies have suggested that around 20% of all road accidents are fatigue-related, up to 50% on certain roads
This project represents a way of developing an
interface to detect driver drowsiness based on continuously
monitoring eyes and DIP algorithms. Micro sleeps that are short
period of sleeps lasting 2 to 3 seconds are good indicator of
fatigue state. Thus by continuously monitoring the eyes of the
driver by using camera one can detect the sleepy state of driver
and timely warning is issued.
Aim of the project is to develop the hardware which is very
advanced product related to driver safety on the roads using
controller and image processing. This product detects driver
drowsiness and gives warning in form of alarm and as well as
decreases the speed of vehicle.Along with the drowsiness
detection process there is continuous monitoring of the distance
done by the Ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor detects the
obstacle and accordingly warns the driver as well as decreases
speed of vehicle.
Vision based system for monitoring the loss of attention in automotive driverVinay Diddi
This is a real time driver drowsiness detection system is used to alert the driver when he is drowsy. It consist of raspberry pi and OpenCV image processing library.
With the growth in population, the occurrence of automobile accidents has also seen an
increase. A detailed analysis shows that, around half million accidents occur in a year , in India
alone. Further , around 60% of these accidents are caused due to driver fatigue. Driver fatigue
affects the driving ability in the following 3 areas, a) It impairs coordination, b) It causes longer
reaction times, and, c)It impairs judgment. Through this paper, we provide a real time
monitoring system using image processing, face/eye detection techniques. Further, to ensure
real-time computation, Haarcascade samples are used to differentiate between an eye blink and
drowsy/fatigue detection.
MagicEye® helps drivers avoid accidents due to fatigue. The system warns the driver immediately after a fatigue event is detected. It monitors biometric parameters of the driver continuously. This information can be sent to a back office so that fleet operators can manage driver fatigue of the entire fleet over time.
This Presentation is on the topic of Driver drowsiness Detection .
In this presentation We will discuss the Techniques used to detect drowsiness and compare some techniques
In the end we conclude and provide some suggestions regarding future work.
Thanks
Google Self Driving Cars
The Google Self-Driving Car is a project by Google that involves developing technology for autonomous cars. The software powering Google's cars is called Google Chauffeur. Lettering on the side of each car identifies it as a "self-driving car". The project is currently being led by Google engineer Sebastian Thrun, former director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street View. Thrun's team at Stanford created the robotic vehicle Stanley which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and its US$2 million prize from the United States Department of Defense. The team developing the system consisted of 15 engineers working for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and Anthony Levandowski who had worked on the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges.
Legislation has been passed in four states and the District of Columbia allowing driverless cars. The U.S. state of Nevada passed a law on June 29, 2011, permitting the operation of autonomous cars in Nevada, after Google had been lobbying in that state for robotic car laws. The Nevada law went into effect on March 1, 2012, and the Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles issued the first license for an autonomous car in May 2012, to a Toyota Prius modified with Google's experimental driverless technology. In April 2012, Florida became the second state to allow the testing of autonomous cars on public roads, and California became the third when Governor Jerry Brown signed the bill into law at Google HQ in Mountain View. In July 2014, the city of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho adopted a robotics ordinance that includes provisions to allow for self-driving cars.
Videos
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCLyNDhxwpqNe3UeEmGHl8g
Driver drowsiness monitoring system using visual behavior and Machine Learning.AasimAhmedKhanJawaad
Drowsy driving is one of the major causes of road accidents and death. Hence, detection of
driver’s fatigue and its indication is an active research area. Most of the conventional methods are
either vehicle based, or behavioral based or physiological based. Few methods are intrusive and
distract the driver, some require expensive sensors and data handling. Therefore, in this study, a low
cost, real time driver’s drowsiness detection system is developed with acceptable accuracy. In the
developed system, a webcam records the video and driver’s face is detected in each frame employing
image processing techniques. Facial landmarks on the detected face are pointed and subsequently the
eye aspect ratio, mouth opening ratio and nose length ratio are computed and depending on their
values, drowsiness is detected based on developed adaptive thresholding. Machine learning
algorithms have been implemented as well in an offline manner. A sensitivity of 95.58% and
specificity of 100% has been achieved in Support Vector Machine based classification.
Driver drowsiness detection is a car safety technology which helps prevent accidents caused by the driver getting drowsy. Various studies have suggested that around 20% of all road accidents are fatigue-related, up to 50% on certain roads
Presented by MA & MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) University of Leeds, May 2015.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
http://on.fb.me/1KM7ahn
Drowsiness is a critical factor impairing drivers’ performance in driving safely. There are several approaches in dealing with this issue based on human-machine interaction to detect drivers’ dozing off state, and then alert them to keep awake by sound or visual. These techniques fundamentally measure driver’s physical changes such as head angle, fatigue level and eyes states which are the indicators of drowsy state. However, they are limited in providing accurate and reliable results. Therefore, the project aims to achieve higher accuracy rate of drowsiness detection by using a very potential technology, electroencephalography (EEG) which is used widely in medical areas. Other than providing reliable result, the final product would bring more conveniences for customers with portability, easy-to-deploy and multi-device compatibility feature. In this project, its methodology first shows the strong correlation between drowsy state with brainwave frequency. Then a proposed system and testing plan are suggested based on the project objectives and available technologies. The final product is simply comprised of a hat with attached small electronic package used to record brainwave and a handheld device placing on dashboard of the car with an installed app. Finally, project management section will present in detail the human resources, scheduling, budget plan and risk analysis to show how it will be going to complete the project in six months.
Robo India in this PPT is exlaining IR sensor. Their working principles, theory and concept. It is also explaining how to use them in embedded system, robotics and engineering project.
Project report on IR based vehicle with automatic braking and driver awakenin...Neeraj Khatri
IR Based Vehicle With AUTOMATIC BRAKING and DRIVER AWAKENING System (2014)
In this Project When any obstacle comes in front of the vehicle in a fixed range then the automatic brakes are applied and the vehicle sounds an alarm and also a very small current is produced on the steering of the vehicle. If the vehicle met with an accident then a call is generated on the last dialled number from the phone which is placed in the vehicle.
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram and Working Principleelprocus
An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion. These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiations.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Numerical Modelling of Wind Patterns around a Solar Parabolic Trough CollectorIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Numerical Analysis of Fin Side Turbulent Flow for Round and Flat Tube Heat E...IJMER
Numerical three dimensional simulation of turbulent flow in round and flat tube fin heat exchangers having two rows of staggered arrangement has been carried out to investigate fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics using ANSYS Fluent 14® software. HYPERMESH10® Software has been
used for the creation of models as well for meshing. The cases have been simulated for different fin side Reynolds number in turbulent regime to observe the effect of various parameters like fin pitch, tube pitch and fin temperature on Colburn j factor and Friction factor f for both round and flat tubes. Fin side flow has been simulated using various steady flow models in the software for same velocity range. As simulation using k-ε model resulted in close agreement with that of experimental in turbulent regime, it is considered for further analysis. The performance of round tubes is compared with that of flat tubes with same flow area and geometrical parameters. For both round and flat tube domains with all the geometrical configurations simulated in this work Colburn j factor varied inversely with the inlet air velocity. The heat transfer is more with the higher fin spacing for both round and flat tubes following the above said trend. On the other hand, the pressure drop across the tubes is more with the lesser fin spacing
in contrast to the heat transfer. Due to lesser turbulent intensity in flat tubes, they exhibit slightly lesser
Colburn j factor and considerably lesser pressure drop compared to round tubes. Although flat tubes
exhibit slightly lesser Colburn j factor, due to larger exposed tube area increase in the air temperature in
the fin side is comparable with that of round tubes. Higher fin temperatures result with lesser Colburn j factor and higher pressure drop across the tubes although the fin temperature affects the pressure drop to lesser extent.
The Reliability in Decoding of Turbo Codes for Wireless CommunicationsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Driver Fatigue Monitoring System Using Eye ClosureIJMER
Now-a-days so many road accidents occur due to driver distraction while he is driving.
Those accidents are broadly depends upon wide range of driver state such as drowsy state, alcoholic
state, depressed state etc. Even driver distraction and conversation with passengers during driving
can lead in major problems. To address the problem we propose a Driver fatigue Monitoring and
warning system based on eye-tracking, which is consider as active safety system. This system is useful
and helpful for drivers to be alert while driving. Eye tracking is one of the major technologies for
future driver system since human eyes contains much information. Sleepiness reduces reaction time of
safe driving. The driver distraction is measured by the person eye closure rate for certain period while
driving. It is implemented by comparing the image extracted from video and the video that is currently
performing. The percentage of eyes is compared from both the frames, if the driver is suspected to be
sleeping then a warning alarm is given to alert the driver.
EYE GAZE ESTIMATION INVISIBLE AND IR SPECTRUM FOR DRIVER MONITORING SYSTEMsipij
Driver monitoring system has gained lot of popularity in automotive sector to ensure safety while driving. Collisions due to driver inattentiveness or driver fatigue or over reliance on autonomous driving features arethe major reasons for road accidents and fatalities. Driver monitoring systems aims to monitor various aspect of driving and provides appropriate warnings whenever required. Eye gaze estimation is a key element in almost all of the driver monitoring systems. Gaze estimation aims to find the point of gaze which is basically,” -where is driver looking”. This helps in understanding if the driver is attentively looking at the road or if he is distracted. Estimating gaze point also plays important role in many other applications
like retail shopping, online marketing, psychological tests, healthcare etc. This paper covers the various aspects of eye gaze estimation for a driver monitoring system including sensor choice and sensor placement. There are multiple ways by which eye gaze estimation can be done. A detailed comparative study on two of the popular methods for gaze estimation using eye features is covered in this paper. An infra-red camera is used to capture data for this study. Method 1 tracks corneal reflection centre w.r.t the pupil centre and method 2 tracks the pupil centre w.r.t the eye centre to estimate gaze. There are advantages and disadvantages with both the methods which has been looked into. This paper can act as a reference for researchers working in the same field to understand possibilities and limitations of eye gaze estimation for driver monitoring system.
Eye Gaze Estimation Invisible and IR Spectrum for Driver Monitoring Systemsipij
Driver monitoring system has gained lot of popularity in automotive sector to ensure safety while driving.
Collisions due to driver inattentiveness or driver fatigue or over reliance on autonomous driving features
arethe major reasons for road accidents and fatalities. Driver monitoring systems aims to monitor various
aspect of driving and provides appropriate warnings whenever required. Eye gaze estimation is a key
element in almost all of the driver monitoring systems. Gaze estimation aims to find the point of gaze which
is basically,” -where is driver looking”. This helps in understanding if the driver is attentively looking at
the road or if he is distracted. Estimating gaze point also plays important role in many other applications
like retail shopping, online marketing, psychological tests, healthcare etc. This paper covers the various
aspects of eye gaze estimation for a driver monitoring system including sensor choice and sensor
placement. There are multiple ways by which eye gaze estimation can be done. A detailed comparative
study on two of the popular methods for gaze estimation using eye features is covered in this paper. An
infra-red camera is used to capture data for this study. Method 1 tracks corneal reflection centre w.r.t the
pupil centre and method 2 tracks the pupil centre w.r.t the eye centre to estimate gaze. There are
advantages and disadvantages with both the methods which has been looked into. This paper can act as a
reference for researchers working in the same field to understand possibilities and limitations of eye gaze
estimation for driver monitoring system.
Driving without license is the major cause for the road accident and the equivalent monetary losses. This paper is based on virtual reality based driving system which would enhance road safety and vehicle security. This paper helps to limit the vehicle operation on the basics of two parameters-Learn the driving by our own, category (car or bike) of the vehicle for which the driving license is issued. The hardware and software system required to improve our safety and security is developed. This driving system is apt for getting the license without bribe by gathering eye-gaze, Electroencephalography and peripheral physiological data.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Driver's drowsiness is the main reason for vehicular accidents. Drowsy driving is the form of impaired driving
that continuously affects a person's ability to drive safely. Continuous restless driving for longer time may result in
drowsiness and cause accidents. In this study, a collaborative system is build which assist the user and identifies
his/her state while driving in order to improve safety by preventing accidents. Based on grayscale image processing,
the position of the driver's face and his/her head movement is analysed. The driver's state identification also includes
the detection of alcohol consumption with the help of sensors.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
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specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
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dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
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New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
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In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
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reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
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Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
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Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
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Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
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Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
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cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
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have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
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Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
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COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
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Driver Fatigue Monitoring System Using Eye Closure
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
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Driver Fatigue Monitoring System Using Eye Closure Miss.G.Victoreia1, Miss.D.Yazhini2, Miss.G.Parameswari3, Mr. E.Gurumoorthi4, Mrs. G.Vijayabarathy5 1,2,3MCA student, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, Puducherry 4Assistant Professor, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, Pondicherry 5Assistant Professor, Perunthalaivar kamarajar arts college, Puducherry
I. INTRODUCTION
Now-a-days the society faces more number of accident rates. The Driver fatigue problems have become important factors for causing road accidents. Driver fatigue is a major cause for four wheeler accidents since the drivers are unable to take sudden decision while they are sleepy. This kind of accident can be predicted and given solutions. The fatigue behaviors are predicted whether the drivers stay awake or not and make a warning when they begin to fall asleep. The system can detect the changes in eyes by measuring closed/opened eye state. This technology is used to track the eyes of the driver and alert them. This system capture the eye sight from the face and it measures the eye rate by closed/opened state. In addition to detect the drowsiness of the driver, if the eyelid is closed for more than 8-10 seconds then it is the indicator of fatigue state and by that time the system alerts the driver. The system detects driver fatigue status by measuring the proportion of eyes closed in a certain period of time and the continued closure time. The Algorithm is used to detect the drowsiness of the driver is PERCLOS. It is abbreviated as (PERcentage ClOSure) is a measure of driver alertness. This algorithm is helpful in measuring the person eyelid closure. It measures the slow eyelid closures rather than blinks, and is the measurement of choice for drowsiness detection. This Algorithm is been considered as the Standard for drowsiness detection. In this it measures the percentage of eyelid closure over the pupil and reflects the slow eyelid closure with the movement of eye blinking. PERCLOS is the Real-Time measures of alertness for drowsiness detecting system. It measure by capturing the face and focused on the eyes and detects the pupil from the eyes. Eyes has the various parameters of measures and colors the white area will not be detected, the Retina of the eyes will detected from the whole eyes and it has a various point and individual color to be measured from the retina. In this system the face and the eyes are localized by comparing the image and the video input, but the camera will be focused on the eyes. When the camera first detects the face, the image is saved to a file for the usage of comparing. The points determine whether the person is feeling sleepy or not. Once the person closed his eyes or moves outside of the frame, the warning system alert the driver from drowsiness or distraction or it is helpful to other passengers to be alert and wake the driver from fast asleep.
A Abstract: Now-a-days so many road accidents occur due to driver distraction while he is driving. Those accidents are broadly depends upon wide range of driver state such as drowsy state, alcoholic state, depressed state etc. Even driver distraction and conversation with passengers during driving can lead in major problems. To address the problem we propose a Driver fatigue Monitoring and warning system based on eye-tracking, which is consider as active safety system. This system is useful and helpful for drivers to be alert while driving. Eye tracking is one of the major technologies for future driver system since human eyes contains much information. Sleepiness reduces reaction time of safe driving. The driver distraction is measured by the person eye closure rate for certain period while driving. It is implemented by comparing the image extracted from video and the video that is currently performing. The percentage of eyes is compared from both the frames, if the driver is suspected to be sleeping then a warning alarm is given to alert the driver.
Keywords: Driver fatigue, Eye Tracking, Drowsiness detection.
2. Driver Fatigue Monitoring System Using Eye Closure
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II. EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing system evaluate whether changes in the eye-steering correlation that can indicate distraction. The auto-correlation and cross-correlation of horizontal eye position and steering wheel angle show that eye movements associated with road scanning procedure a low eye steering correlation. The eye steering correlation will control the relationship on a straight road. The straight road led to a low correlation between the steering movement and eye glances. In this system it is aim to detect the driver distraction based on visual behavior or the performance of the driver so for this purpose it is used to define the relationship between the visual behavior and the vehicle control. This system evaluates the eye-steering correlation associated with the straight road with the assumption that it might show a qualitatively and quantitatively different relationship compared with curvy road and that it might be sensitive to distraction. Here in the visual behavior and vehicle control relationship reflects a fundamental perception-control mechanism which plays a major role in driving and a strong eye- steering correlation associated with this process has been observed on curvy roads.
1. Driver Distraction Detection Algorithm
Driver Distraction Detection Algorithm is used in earlier system which is the combination of glance behavior and vehicle control. Two types of distraction are focused:
a) Cognitive b) Visual
Cognitive described as “Mind-off-road” and Visual has been described as “Eye-off-road”. Cognitive tasks tend to reduce the lane position variance and visual tasks tend to increase the variance. Although both can determine the driving performance, their effects are different.
2. Disadvantage in Cognitive distraction detection
Although it improves drive performance it degrades. Longitudinal control with hazards perception. It is complex because the mechanism involved in cognitive distraction has not been precisely described. There are two approach has given in distraction detection algorithm. First approach focuses distraction detection systems on visual behavior and another approach focuses on driver behavior such as speed, lane position and steering. Considering a combination of both glance behavior and vehicle control might increase algorithm sensitivity to detecting different types of inattention. This paper presents a new approach to algorithm design that focuses on the relationship between the eye movement and steering wheel movement.
3. Eye-steering coordination
Two modeling approaches are there to describe and predict the allocation of driver‟s visual attention. They are:
a) Models of visual search:
This model describes how people locate targets in the environment to complete the task.
b) Models of visual sampling:
This model describes a scanning pattern of particular areas to find relevant information 4. Problems related with existing system
For identifying the driver‟s fatigue level, detecting the eye state is important more than detecting the eye- steering correlation.
Correlation between the eye-steering is complex and might produce wrong results undetermined cases.
Steering movements consists of large calculations and graphs and it is difficult to merge with eye movements in all type of roads. Lane determination is not necessary for driver distraction.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In the proposed system, the driver fatigue and distraction is detected only by processing of eye region. The main symptoms of driver fatigue and distraction appear in the driver‟s eyes because of sleeping while driving. Nowadays, there are many fatigue detection methods and the best is capturing the eyes in real time using web camera to detect the physical responses in eyes. Moreover, the processing of the eye region instead of the processing of the face region has less computational complexity.
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3.1. Researches and Statistics India has the highest proportion of deaths due to road traffic accidents in South East Asia. India accounts for as high as 6 per cent of the world‟s RTAs, although it has 1 per cent of the world‟s vehicles. The RTA (Road Traffic Accident) rate of 35 per 1,000 vehicles in India is one of the highest in the world and so is the RTA fatality rate of 25.3 per 10,000 vehicles. Recent years have been witnessing an increasing amount of traffic on the roads leading to increased risks for road traffic accidents to occur. Evidence from developed and especially developing countries indicates that road traffic accidents are on the rise and are found to be fifth among important causes of deaths globally, leading to a significant proportion of injuries, deaths and disabilities in the population. 3.2. Process of proposed system In the existing system, it detects the driver‟s fatigue using eye-steering correlation monitoring. Thus it uses the “Driver distraction detection algorithm” which concentrates on both visual and cognitive behaviors. We consider that for detecting the fatigue of the driver only eye state or behavior is sufficient and provides a easy way to use in all the vehicles. The detection of cognitive method is tedious and it may go wrong sometimes which may provide wrong results. The steering movement consists of large calculations and graphs and it is difficult to merge with eye movements in all type of roads. So in the proposed system we detect only the eye region and monitor the eyelid closure using PRECLOS (PERcentage CLOSure). A commonly used measure of eye closure duration is „PERCLOS‟ – percentage of time a person‟s eyes are 80-100% closed over a period of time. When the eye is not detected the person is considered to be distracted or in the sleepy state. Fig 1: Overall process of Proposed approach
Face recognition
Acquire video using open CV
Extract image from video
Save image in file
Eyes open?
Eye detection
Right
Left
Eyes not detected
Eyes detected
Warning alarm
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3.3 PERCLOS algorithm
A real time driver attention monitoring system is proposed using PERCLOS algorithm which is said to be the estimator of fatigue level. The main purpose of this algorithm is eye detection for a general driver under varying illumination conditions and finding class of the detected eye. When the driver sits in the driver seat and start the vehicle, the webcam started to detect the face automatically refer figure 1.1. Unless the web camera is on, the vehicle cannot be started. Fig 1.1: Face detection and extraction of eyes When the eye region is detected from the video a photograph is taken and stored in the file to identify the person‟s eye as shown in the figure 1.2. Then video is captured throughout the journey and detects the eye movements to find the state of eyes. Fig 1.2: Add face module The driver‟s eye in the video is compared with the stored image and when the driver‟s eye is located in the video as detected, the eyes is said to be in active state (refer figure 1.3). Fig 1.3: Eyes detected
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The driver‟s eye in the video is compared with the stored image and when the driver‟s eye is not located in the video then he is said to be distracted and a message is given as shown in figure 1.4. When the eye‟s is found to be in the closed state automatically an alarm signal is given to awaken the driver. This system not only detects the drowsiness of the driver it also detects the driver distraction such as moving, looking around etc. The timely warning alerts the driver as well as the passengers to be aware of the happening. Fig 1.4: Eyes not detected 3.4 Advantages
Accidents can be avoided by alerting the driver‟s distraction and drowsiness using warning signals.
Comparing to the driver detection algorithm this PERCLOS system reduces the time complexity.
It is used to track the alertness of the driver throughout the journey.
The warning alarm alerts the driver as well as the passengers to be conscious about the driver‟s behavior.
This system typically behaves as a user-friendly application.
IV. CONCLUSION
This system will analyze the state of driver‟s eye state whether it is closed or opened. If it is closed then produce the warning alarm to awaken the driver and prevent the vehicle from accident. By monitoring the driver‟s eye state using the PRECLOS algorithm by web camera the system can detect symptoms of driver fatigue early enough to avoid an accident and save people life by detecting the distraction an drowsiness. So this project is useful and easy to detect the driver‟s fatigue level and give the warning output in the form of sound to alert the driver as well as the passengers.
REFERENCES
Journal Papers:
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[2] Mohamad-Hoseyn Sigari, Mahmood Fathy, Mohsen Soryani, “A Driver Face Monitoring System for Fatigue and Distraction Detection” International Journal of Vehicular Technology, Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 263983.
[3] Boon-Giin Lee , Wan-Young Chung, “Driver Alertness Monitoring Using Fusion of Facial Features and Bio- Signals” IEEE sensor journal., vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 2416-2422, july. 2012.
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[8] Hardeep Singh, J,S Bhatia, Jasbir Kaur, “Eye Tracking based driver fatigue monitoring and Warning System” Power electronics (IICPE),2010 India International Conference on Jan-2011, ISBN:978-1-4244-7883-5, INSPEC Accession no: 11873780, publisher: IEEE.
6. Driver Fatigue Monitoring System Using Eye Closure
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss.11| Nov. 2014 | 31|
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