The cytoplasm contains organelles, inclusions, and cytosol. Organelles include plastids, mitochondria, vacuoles, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Cytosol is the translucent fluid that makes up 70% of the cell and suspends these cytoplasmic elements. The cytoplasm functions as the site of glycolysis, signal transduction, cell metabolism, housing the cytoskeleton, and cell replication through the cell cycle. Ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm, which may also be involved in cell expansion and turgidity in plants.

7. Cytoplasm: (In some highly dense and in some less dense)
• Have organelles, inclusions, Cytosol
• Membrane bound entities- plastids, Mitochondria, Vacuoles(in
storage cells vacuoles more), E.R., Golgi apparatus etc.
• CYTOSOL -Translucent Fluid in which cytoplasmic element
are suspended
• Internal fluid of cell, Concentrated aqueous gel, Makes 70% of cell
(90% water, 20-25% cell protein, salts & organic molecules)

16. Note: 70% not 80%

18. Functions:
• Glycolysis site (sometimes in plants- plastids not cytoplasm)
• Signal Transduction (like signals between brain and cell)
• Has intracellular receptors
• Cell metabolism site- Food Breakdown
• Surrounds cytoskeleton
• Involved in Cell expansion
• Replication Site- Cell Cycle
• Ribosome float in it/dispersed freely ( May also be attached to PLASMA
MEMBRANE, E.R.)
• Turgidity (for plants-Vacuoles)

23. Signal Transduction

30. • Organelles are metabolic machinery of cells and are like little organs
themselves.
• Cytoplasmic inclusion are chemical substances that store nutrients,
secretory products and pigment granules.
• Cytoplasmic streaming-
• In living cells, cytoplasm always in motion- Organelles and
various substances can be seen swept along in an orderly fashion
in moving currents
• Facilitates Transport of materials within cell and its environment
• Like Cytoplasmic motion- Volvox IN WHICH THE CENTRAL CELLS
IN COLONY SHOW NO MOTION AND OUTER CELLS SHOW
MOTION IN THEIR ORGANELLES

31. Volvox