There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which lack membrane-bound organelles and are very small, and eukaryotic cells which contain organelles and are larger and more complex. While plant and animal cells share many organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts are unique to plant cells and allow them to perform photosynthesis, and plant cells also have cell walls and larger vacuoles. The main organelles in cells and their functions are then described.

1. Cells
Parts and Functions

2. The Cell Theory
All organisms are made of one or
more cells
The cell is the basic unit of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells

3. Cell Size

4. Types of Cells
 Prokaryotic (bacteria)
 No membrane bound organelles
 Very small
 Can be divided into 2 groups: Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria
 Eukaryotic (all other cells)
 Have membrane bound organelles
 Larger and more complex
 Make up 4 of the 5 kingdoms

5. Diagram of Cells

6. Focus on Eukaryotes
 There are 2 different types of Eukaryotic Cells
 PLANT CELLS and ANIMAL CELLS
 Both types of cells share most of the same organelles (“little
organs” in the cell), but plant cells have:
 CHLOROPLASTS
 CELL WALLS
 LARGER VACUOLES
 A more geometric shape

7. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

8. Parts and Functions
 CELL WALL (Plants)
 Rigid structure made of
cellulose
 CELL MEMBRANE (ALL
CELLS)
 Semi-Permeable
membrane
 Controls what goes into
and out of the cell

9. Parts and Functions
 Chloroplasts (Plants)
 Organelle that allows
plants to use
photosynthesis to
make their own food
(sugar)
 Contain chlorophyll –
which traps energy
from the sunlight

10. Parts and Functions
 Mitochondria (Plants and
Animals)
 The “powerhouse” of the cell
 Breaks down sugar to produce
energy
 About the size of bacteria
 Have their own DNA
 Can divide within the cell

11. Parts and Functions
 Cytoplasm (ALL CELLS)
 The gel-like, water based
contents of the cell
 Contains and supports all
of the organelles
 Mostly made of water
 Nucleus (Eukaryotic Cells)
 Contains genetic material
 Controls the function of
the cell

12. Parts and Functions
 Vacuole (Both Plants and
Animals, but larger in Plants)
 A vesicle (membrane bound
sac) used for storage
 Stores water in plants and help
the plant to keep its shape
 Lysosome (Mainly in Animal
Cells)
 A very small vesicle containing
digestive enzymes

13. Parts and Functions
 Ribosomes (ALL CELLS)
 Make proteins
 Smallest of all organelles
 Most numerous of all organelles
 May be free floating or located
on the endoplasmic reticulum
 Not covered by a membrane

14. Parts and Functions
 Endoplasmic Reticulum:
“ER” (Plants and Animals)
 A system of folded
membranes where many
substance are made
 Substance also move
through the ER
 It is either “rough” or
“smooth” depending on if
there are ribosomes on it

15. Parts and Functions
 Golgi Apparatus (Plants and Animals)
 May change substance
 Packages materials for transport around or out of the cell