Onion cells are easy to observe compared to other cell types like smooth muscle, blood, nerve, bone, and fat cells. The document discusses the structure and functions of plant and animal cells. It describes key cellular components like the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. It also explains cellular processes like osmosis and its effects on cell water concentration depending on the solution surrounding the cell being hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.

3. Onion cells are easy to
observe as compared to
other cells

4.  Smooth muscle cell
 Blood cells
 Nerve cells
 Bone Fat cell

5.  Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a
membrane, which contains many
biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic
acids.

6.  Cells consist of cytoplasam enclosed within a
membrane, which contains
many biomolecules such as protiens
and nuclic acids.Most plant and animal cells
are only visible under a microscope, with
dimensions between 1 and
100 micrometers.Organisms can be classified
as unicellular(consisting of a single cell such
as bacteria) or multicellular (including plants
and animals)

7.  The plasma membrane, also called the cell
membrane, is the membrane found in
all cells that separates the interior of
the cell from the outside environment.

8.  A process by which molecules of a solvent
tend to pass through a semipermeable
membrane from a less concentrated solution
into a more concentrated one.

9.  If the medium surrounding the cell has a
higher water concentration than the cell ,
meaning if that outside solution is very
dilute the cell will gain water by osmosis.

10.  If the medium have exactly same water
concentration as the cell there will be no net
movement of water across the cell
membrane . Such a solution is known as an
isotonic solution.

11.  If the medium has the lower concentration of
the water than the cell meaning that it is a
very high concentrated solution the cells will
lose their water by osmosis. . Such a solution
is called as Hypertonic solution.

12.  A microscopic membrane of lipids and
proteins which forms the external boundary
of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a
vacuole, and regulates the passage of
molecules in and out of the cytoplasm.

13. When a living plant cell loses the water
through osmosis there is a shrinkage or
contraction of the contents of the cell.

14. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that
contains genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic
organisms. As such, it serves to maintain the integrity
of the cell by facilitating transcription and replication
processes.

15.  The cytopalasm is the fluid content inside
the plasma membrane. It also contains many
specialised cell organelles . Each of these
organelles performs the a special function
assingined to it.

16.  Large and complex cells inculding the cells
from the multicelluler organisms need a lot
chemical activity to support their
complicated structures.

17. A network of membranous tubules within the
cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the
nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached
and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

18.  A complex of vesicles and folded membranes
within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic
cells, involved in secretion and intracellular
transport.

19.  A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell
organelle that contains digestive
enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with
various cell processes. They break down
excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be
used to destroy invading viruses and
bacteria.

20.  Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell
organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that
generate most of the chemical energy
needed to power the cell's biochemical
reactions. Chemical energy produced by
the mitochondria is stored in a small
molecule called adenosine triphosphate
(ATP).

21.  Plastids are double-membrane organelle
which are found in the cells of plants and
algae. Plastids are responsible for
manufacturing and storing of food. These
often contain pigments that are used in
photosynthesis and different types of
pigments that can change the colour of the
cell.

22.  A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle
which is present in all plant and fungal cells
and some protist, animal and bacterial cells.

23.  Made By-
Name- Yashovardhan Phadtare
Class- IX