This document discusses cyber crimes and provides information about a student group project on the topic. The group members are listed along with their student IDs. Cyber crimes are defined as offenses committed using a computer against individuals to harm their reputation or cause physical/mental harm. The document then discusses the history and evolution of the term "hacker" and reasons for studying cyber crimes such as most business now being done online. Common cyber criminal profiles and attacks such as hacking, cracking, and phishing are described. The document concludes with an overview of cyber crimes occurring in Pakistan and some general prevention methods.

2. Group Members
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Muhammad NASIR
Waqas AHMAD
Maryam BATOOL
M.Tahir SHAH
Sarfraz AHMAD
Javaad AHMAD
MB-12-04
MB-12-05
MB-12-06
MB-12-64
MB-12-65
MB-12-66

3. CYBER CRIMES

4. What are cyber crimes
• Offences that are committed against
individuals or groups of individuals (by
using computer) with a criminal motive to
intentionally harm the reputation of the
victim or cause physical or mental harm to
the victim directly or indirectly.

5. Historical Perspective
• 1960s and 1970s:
Hacker: a positive term
A Hacker: An expert, knowledgeable about programming
and operating systems
• 1970s onwards:
Hacker: a term, which progressively became more
negative.
A Hacker: Someone using computers without authorization

6. Why we study about cyber crimes
• Almost every one is using computer
From white collar criminals to terrorist
organizations and from teenagers to adults
• Conventional crimes like Forgery , extortion, and
kidnapping etc. are being committed with the
help of computer
• New generation is growing up with computers
• MOST IMPORTANT business transactions are
carried out through internet.

7. Profile of cyber criminals
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Disgruntled employee.
Teenagers.
Professional hackers.
Business rivals.
Political hacktivists.
Ex-friends.
Divorced husband etc.

8. Common cyber crime attacks
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Hacking
Cracking
Script kiddies
Vandals
Spoofing
Denial of services
Snooping

9. Common cyber crimes attacks
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Software privacy
Net Extortion
Virus dissemination
Phishing
Cyber Stalking
Salami attacks
Credit card fraud

10. Hacking
Hacking is access of computer resource,
without authorization
Cracking
A hacker who uses his or her skills to
commit unlawful acts, or to deliberately
create mischief

11. Script kiddies
A hacker who downloads the scripts and
uses them to commit unlawful acts, or to
deliberately create mischief, without fully
understanding the scripts
Vandals
A person who deliberately destroys or
damages public or private property by
using computer

12. Spoofing
Spoofing is the criminally fraudulent
process of attempting to acquire sensitive
information such as usernames,
passwords and credit card details etc.
Denial of services
Any problem that makes it difficult or
impossible for the system to continue to
perform productive work

13. Snooping
• Snooping is unauthorized access to
another person's or company's data. The
practice is similar to eavesdropping but is
not necessarily limited to gaining access
to data during its transmission. Snooping
can include casual observance of an email or watching what someone else is
typing.

14. Software privacy
• Theft of software through illegal copying of
genuine programs.
Retail revenue losses are ever increasing
due to this crime.
This can be done in various ways such as
end user copying, hard disk loading and
illegal download from the internet.

15. Net Extortion
• Copying the company confidential data in order
to extort said company for huge amount.
Virus dissemination
Malicious software that attaches itself to t other
software.
(virus, worms, Trojan horse. Time bomb, rabbit
and bacterium are the malicious soft wares.

16. Credit card Frauds
• You simply have to type your credit card
number into www page off the vender for
online transaction and if electronic
transactions are not secured the credit
card number can be stolen by the hacker
who can misuse this credit card.

17. PHISHING
• It is technique of pulling out confidential
information from the bank or financial
institutional account holders by deceptive
means.
Credit card writer

18. ATM as usual

22. Inside the box

23. Cyber Stalking
• The cyber follows the victim by sending
emails or entering the chat rooms
frequently
Threatening
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The criminals sends threatening email or
comes in contact in chat rooms with
victims.

24. Salami Attack
• In such crime criminal makes insignificant
changes in such a manner that such
changes would go unnoticed.
Criminal makes such programs that
deducts small amounts as 2.5 rupees from
all the customers accounts of a bank and
deposits in his own account. In such a
case no customer will approach to bank
for such small amount.

25. Pakistan is one of the few countries where cyber
crime laws are still in the pipeline waiting for
implementation. It is certainly not as if we don’t
face that many cyber crimes here.
In fact, Pakistan is currently facing the
following types of it:

26. Cyber Crimes in Pakistan

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Financial crimes
Cyber pornography
Sale of illegal articles
Online gambling
Intellectual property crimes
Email spoofing
Cyber stalking
Forgery

28. • Unauthorized access to computer
systemsnetworks
• Theft of information contained in
electronic form
• Virus/worm attacks
• Trojan attacks
• Internet time theft
• Password cracking

29. General Preventions

30. • Spam blocker
Turn on your spam blocker. Most Internet
providers provide a spam blocking feature
to prevent unwanted messages.
• Firewall protection
Use your computer's firewall protection
feature, which is a digitally created barrier
that prevents hackers from getting into
your computer system. Always keep it
turned on.

31. Anti-virus software
Make sure you have adequate anti-virus
software for your computer. You also need
to make sure you regularly update your
anti-virus software and that you do a oncea-week scan to locate and eliminate any
malware, spyware, viruses and other
problems.

32. Encryption software
• Encrypt important data you don't want
compromised. Utilize encryption software,
which "garbles" your data to make it
unintelligible to anyone who tries to hack
into your computer system.

33. Caution in providing personal
information
• Be wary of providing personal
information via a website you know
nothing about, especially those that
ask for your name, mailing address,
bank account number or social
security number.

34. Secure shopping
• Make sure that you do online shopping on
a secure website, like those with a url that
starts with "https" and/or have a TRUSTe
or VeriSign seal. If you don't see these
anywhere on the site, you run the risk of
submitting credit card information and
other personal information to a site that
may be a fraud

35. Monitoring activities
• Monitor the online activities of your
children. They should only have access to
a computer located in a central area of
your home and you should regularly check
all browser and email activity