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Cyber crime

This document discusses various topics related to cyber crime including: - The evolution of cyber crime and how internet usage has increased opportunities for cyber threats. - Different types of cyber crimes such as financial crimes, intellectual property crimes, cyber bullying, and web defacement. - Common targets of cyber crimes like individuals, businesses, and governments. - Trends showing India has a significant problem with cyber crimes and ranks high globally in areas like spam generation. - The document emphasizes that cyber crime prevention is important as internet usage continues to grow rapidly around the world.

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CYBER CRIME Team Fingerprint
AGENDA • Evolution • Why cyber crime • Cyber threat groups • Internet • Targets • Internet in India • Types of cyber crime(24) • 1 Minute internet • Future trends • Internet users(past, present, future) • Legal aspect • Cyber news • Prevention is better then cure • Abuse stats • FINGERPRINT • Defining cyber crime • Future crime • IT & Govt.
Why learn about CYBER CRIME…!! Because… COMPUTERS are used EVERYWHERE..!! • Education (School/Colleges) • Electricity Supply • Travel (Airways/Railways Ticketing, • Trading Tracking and Monitoring) • Automobile Industry • Banking & Finance • Defense • Water Supply • Nuclear Plants • Govt. • Research (defense/medicine) • Industries/Businesses
And the future will be… Tablets Smart Power Grids NFC Smartphones …Digitalization… AND many more reasons to follow…
Connected to World ISP rest of the world Internet Local ISPs Network of Networks, consisting of Millions of Wi-Fi Networks, connected Wired DNS Servers Together - Wirelessly or Wired Mail Servers Client
I n te r n e t i n I n d i a … ! ! 1995 VSNL introduces internet in India • Rediff.com launched 1996 • India’s first cyber café called “Cybercafé” • First online banking site 1997 • Naukri.com • Sify - India’s first ISP 1998 • First major hacking case • Launch of Nasscom
2000 IT ACT 2000 passed by the Indian Parliament • First cyber crime related arrest 2001 • Indian Railways launches online ticketing • India’s first cyber crime police station 2004 Baazee CEO jailed for MMS scandal • 40 million net users (4% of the world) • 200,000 cyber cafes in country (accounting for 60% of net users) 2005 • 1000,000+ users do online share trading • half a million broadband connections • Rs. 570 Cr. E-commerce transactions in India • IRCTC online ticketing - 63% of E-commerce - Rs. 370 Cr.
1 Minute Internet…!!!
Internet Users… 9,18,46,075 Past…
• 88 m – urban • 24 m – villages • Growth - 13% • 11 m users will be added to the tally before the end of the year • 58.6 m - PCs • 14.7 m Internet connections, • 11.9 m – broadband http://www.internetworldstats.com • 75% of the Internet users 8.4% Population being school- or college- 97% Internet Traffic by PC going kids and young men. …Present… http://thenextweb.com/in/2011/11/08/internet-users-exceed-100- million-in-india-mobile-net-usage-still-in-infancy/
2015… Internet Traffic '237 mn Internet users http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-02/internet/28236274_1_internet-users-younger-indian-users-brici-users • 9 Times • 3 billion DVDs 1 billion – Networked Devices …Future
The number of Internet users is growing SO… CYBER CRIME is bound to RI SE …!!!
Cyber News…!!!
Abuse Stats… CERT-IN Monthly Report Nov. 2011 CERT-IN Annual Report 2010 http://www.linkedin.com/news?viewArticle=&articleID=5580884251089305692&gid=3670693&type=member&item=98275556&articleURL=http %3A%2F%2Fcyber-crime- in-india.blogspot.in%2F2012%2F03%2Findia-tops-world-in-generating-spam.html&urlhash=LQrc&goback=.gde_3670693_member_98275556
Victims Of Cyber Crime 30 Million Victims • China • South Africa 34,110 cr / yr. Costs India • Mexico $ 388 billions globally • Brazil • INDIA Every second, 14 Adults, 1 million / day • Singapore Top 3 types • Malware • Virus attacks • Phishing / Scam
Security Incidents handled 10315 Indian Website Defacements tracked 14348 Open Proxy Servers tracked 2492 Bot Infected Systems tracked 6893814 CERT-IN Annual Report 2010 1,000 Cr – Data Theft(Phishing) 27 attacks / hr. to 25,000 / hr.
"WE LIVE IN A WORLD WHERE ALL INFORMATION IS IN DIGITAL FORM, SO MODERN-DAY SPIES NO LONGER NEED TO INFILTRATE A BUILDING TO STEAL INFORMATION"
Unlawful acts wherein the computer is either a TOOL , TARGET or BOTH
Cyber attacks have evolved: • They became more sophisticated • Power Hunger • They are often targeted • Illegitimate income sources • Towards crucial aspects • No TRACE… No FEAR to get caught • Unawareness & ignorance • Changing technology is Tempting is the inspiration • Vast Scope(car hacking) • Increasing stats adds to it • Industrial Espionage • Money Motive • Its Cool…!!
Cyber threat groups Bot network Spyware Foreign Insiders Phishers spammers operators authors intelligence
Crime against Targets Of Cyber Crime Government Crime against property Crime against persons
Types Of Cyber Crime • Financial Crimes • Data Diddling • Cyber Pornography • Salami Attacks • Sale Of Illegal Articles • Denial Of Service Attack • Online Gambling • Virus / Worm Attacks • Intellectual Property Crimes • Trojans And Keyloggers • Email Spoofing • Internet Time Theft • Forgery • Web Jacking • Cyber Defamation • Email Frauds • Cyber Stalking • Cyber Bullying • Web Defacement • Industrial Cyber-Sabotage • Email Bombing • E-commerce Crime • Espionage • Cybersquatting • Website Spoofing
FINANCIAL CRIMES • Money is the most common motive behind all crime. • Increase in the use of internet and mobile banking, It Includes: • Phishing • Online share trading, • credit card frauds dematerialization of shares and • Money laundering securities, this trend is likely to • hacking into bank servers increase • accounting scams • Salami Attacks • E-Commerce Frauds
FORGERY • Abdul Kareem Telgi, along with • Counterfeit currency notes, several others, was convicted in postage and revenue stamps, India on several counts of counterfeiting stamp papers and mark sheets, academic postage stamps totalling several certificates etc are made by billion rupees. criminals using sophisticated computers, printers and • Economic Offences Wing of Crime Branch, Mumbai scanners. (India), seized over 22,000 counterfeit share certificates of eight reputed companies worth Rs. 34.47 crores. These were allegedly prepared using Desk Top Publishing Systems.
ONLINE GAMBLING • Thousands of websites that offer online gambling. The special issue with online gambling is that it is The website ladbrokes.com permits legalised in several countries. So users to gamble on a variety of sports legally the owners of these websites such as cricket, football, tennis, golf, are safe in their home countries. motor racing, ice hockey, basketball, baseball, darts, snooker, boxing, • The legal issues arise when a person athletics, rugby, volleyball, motor residing in a foreign country like India cycling, etc. (where such websites are illegal) gambles on such a website.
DATA DIDDLING & SALAMI ATTACKS • Unauthorized & illegal data alteration • These changes can occur before and during data input or before output. • Data diddling cases have affected banks, payrolls, inventory records, credit records, school transcripts These attacks are used for committing financial crimes. Make the alteration so insignificant that in a single case it would go completely unnoticed. For instance, a bank employee inserts a program, into the bank’s servers, that deducts a small amount of money (say Rs.2 a month) from the account of every customer. No account holder will probably notice this unauthorized debit, but the bank employee will make a sizeable amount of money every month.
CYBER PORNOGRAPHY • A school student from Delhi created • One of the largest businesses on the Internet www.amazing-gents.8m.net. today • The CEO of online auction website bazee.com (a part of the eBay group) was • Pornographic websites, arrested pornographic magazines produced using computers • The CEO of a software company in Pune was (to publish and print the material) and the Internet (to arrested for sending obscene emails to a download and transmit former female employee. pornographic pictures)
SALE OF ILLEGAL ARTICLES • Sale of illegal articles such as narcotics drugs, weapons, wildlife etc. is being facilitated by • Police cracked down on an illegal rave the Internet. party and arrested hundreds of illegal drug users. The social networking site • Availability of the products for Orkut.com is believed to be one of the sale is being posted on auction modes of communication for gathering websites, bulletin boards etc. people for the illegal “drug” party. • A marketplace for the sale of unapproved drugs
VIRUS / WORM ATTACKS Computer viruses are small software programs that are Worms, unlike viruses do not need the host to designed to spread from one computer to another and attach themselves to. They merely make to interfere with computer operation. A virus might functional copies of themselves and do this corrupt or delete data on the victim’s computer, use the repeatedly till they eat up all the available victim’s e-mail program to spread itself to other space on a computer’s memory. computers Confiker worm Melissa virus ILOVEYOU virus Spread by attachments in e-mail messages or instant messaging messages, funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files, downloads on the Internet. They can be hidden in illicit software or other files or programs or games
TROJANS AND KEYLOGGERS A Trojan, is an unauthorized program which functions from inside the computer, secretly, what seems to be an authorized program, thereby concealing what it is actually doing. young lady stayed in a small one bedroom apartment and her Keyloggers are used to log all the strokes a victim makes computer was located in one corner on the keyboard. of her bedroom. Unknown to her, Key-loggers are most commonly found in public computers the Trojan would activate her web such as those in cyber cafes, hotels etc. camera and microphone even when the Internet was switched off. A year later she realized that hundreds of her pictures were posted on pornographic sites around the world!
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CRIMES • A computer user in China obtained the source code of • These include software piracy, a popular game - LineageII from an unprotected copyright infringement, website & then sold to several people thru a website, trademarks violations, theft of www.l2extreme.com. The loss in potential revenues for the South Korean computer source code etc. company was estimated at $750,000 a month. • A software professional stealing the source code of a product being developed by his employers. He started his own company and allegedly used the stolen source code to launch a new software product.
EMAIL BOMBING Email bombing refers to sending a large number of emails to the victim resulting in the victim’s email account or mail servers crashing. Email bombing is a type of denial-of-service attack. A British teenager bombed his former employer with 5 million e-mail messages to his ex-employer that caused the company's e-mail server to crash. A foreigner who had been residing in Shimla, India for almost 30 years wanted to avail of a scheme introduced by the Shimla Housing Board to buy land at lower rates. When he made an application it was rejected on the grounds that the scheme was available only for citizens of India. He decided to take his revenge. Consequently, he sent thousands of mails to the Shimla Housing Board and repeatedly kept sending e-mails till their servers crashed.
CYBER DEFAMATION • This occurs when defamation takes place with the help of computers and / or the Internet. • Abhishek, a teenaged student was arrested by the Thane police in India following a girl’s complaint about tarnishing her image in the social networking • e.g. Sameer publishes defamatory site Orkut. Abhishek had allegedly created a fake matter about Pooja on a website or account in the name of the girl with her mobile sends e-mails containing number posted on the profile. defamatory information to Pooja’s • Unidentified persons posted obscene photographs friends. and contact details of a Delhi school girl.
CYBER STALKING A 50-year-old former security guard who used • Cyber stalking refers to the use of the Internet to solicit the rape of a woman who rejected his romantic advances. the Internet, e-mail, or other He terrorized the 28-year-old victim by electronic communications devices impersonating her in various Internet chat to stalk another person rooms and online bulletin boards, where he • Stalking generally involves posted, along with her telephone number and address, messages that she fantasized harassing or threatening about being raped. behaviour The first case in India was of Manish Kathuria, Who chatted online with the identity of Ritu Kohli’s Identity. He used obscene language and invited people to chat with her on phone.
CYBERSQUATTING "squatting", which is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or building that the squatter does not own, rent, or otherwise have permission to use Cybersquatting (also known as domain squatting), is registering, trafficking in, or using a domain name with bad faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else. The cybersquatter then offers to sell the domain to the person or company who owns a trademark contained within the name at an inflated price. www.google.com www.gooogle.com Cybersquatters sometimes register variants of popular trademarked names, a practice known as typosquatting
CYBER BULLYING • Bullying is a form of aggressive behaviour manifested by the use of force or coercion to affect others, particularly when the behaviour is habitual and involves an imbalance of power. • It can include verbal harassment, physical assault or coercion and may be directed repeatedly towards particular victims, perhaps on grounds of race, religion, gender, sexuality, or ability • Cyber-bullying is any bullying done through the use of technology. • This form of bullying can easily go undetected because of lack of parental / authoritative supervision. • Because bullies can pose as someone else, it is the most anonymous form of bullying. • Cyber bullying includes, but is not limited to, abuse using email, instant messaging, text messaging, websites, social networking sites, etc
WEB DEFACEMENT • Website defacement is usually the substitution of the original home page of a website with another page (usually pornographic or defamatory in nature) by a hacker. • Religious and government sites are regularly targeted by hackers in order to display political or religious beliefs. Disturbing images and offensive phrases might be displayed in the process In 2001, over 200 Indian websites Mahesh Mhatre and Anand Khare allegedly defaced the website of were hacked into and defaced. The the Mumbai Cyber Crime Cell. They had used password hackers put in words like bugz, cracking software to crack the FTP password for the police website. death symbol, Paki-king and allahhuakbar.
WEB JACKING How does web jacking take place? 1. The administrator of any website has a password and a username • Just as conventional hijacking, means 2. There are many ways in which a hacker may get to know a forcefully taking over control of a password, the most common being password cracking wherein a website. “cracking software” is used to guess a password. • The motive is usually the same as 3. When the password of the website is cracked the password is hijacking – ransom. changes and then the admin is contacted for the ransom. • The perpetrators have either a monetary or political purpose which they try to satiate by holding the owners of the The owner of a hobby website for children received an e-mail informing her that a group of hackers had gained control over her website to ransom. website. They demanded a ransom of 1 million dollars from her. • This occurs when someone forcefully takes control of a website (by cracking the password and later changing it). The actual owner of the website does not have any more control over what appears on that website.
WEBSITE SPOOFING Website spoofing is the act of creating a website, as a hoax, with the intention of misleading readers that the website has been created by Another technique is to use a 'cloaked' URL. a different person or organisation. Normally, the spoof website will adopt the design of the target website and sometimes has a similar URL. The objective may be fraudulent, often associated with phishing or e-mail spoofing, or to criticize or make fun of the person or body whose website the spoofed site purports to represent As an example of the use of this technique to parody an organisation, in November 2006 two spoof websites, www.msfirefox.com and www.msfirefox.net, were produced claiming that Microsoft had bought Firefox and released Microsoft Firefox 2007.
DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK(DOS) • Denial of Service attacks (DOS attacks) involve flooding a computer with more requests than it can handle. • This causes the computer (e.g. a web server) to crash and results in authorized users being unable to access the service offered by the computer. • Another variation to a typical denial of service attack is known as a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack wherein the perpetrators are many and are geographically widespread
INTERNET TIME THEFT This connotes the usage by an unauthorized person of the Internet hours paid for by another person In May 2000, the Delhi police arrested an engineer who had misused the login name and password of a customer whose Internet connection he had set up. The case was filed under the Indian Penal Code and the Indian Telegraph Act.
EMAIL SPOOFING • A spoofed email is one that • A teenager made millions of dollars by appears to originate from spreading false information about certain companies whose shares he had short sold. one source but actually has This misinformation was spread by sending been sent from another spoofed emails source • Fake Mail… • In a branch of the erstwhile Global Trust Bank in India numerous customers decided to withdraw all their money and close their accounts. An investigation revealed that someone had sent out spoofed emails to many of the bank’s customers stating that the bank was in very bad shape financially and could close operations at any time. The spoofed email appeared to have originated from the bank itself.
EMAIL FRAUDS Dear Mr. Justin Williams, I'm Vikas Manjit Singh from Punjab (India). I belong to a city named Ludhiana. Mr. Williams, I am having a brother in Canada who is also named Justin Williams. He was adopted from my parents by some Mr. William Ram of Welland. Me and my mum came over to Canada to leave Justin to his new family (William Ram's Family). It happened in June 1985. So Mr. Justin Williams, if you are the same person I'm talking about. Then please give me some time so that I can let you know the realities. Phishing • A Phishing e-mail is the one that lure the victim to read the mail and often click on the link provided with it so that the victim can be dragged onto a legitimate looking like website that can ask for either his bank credentials or mail account credentials in a very convincing way. • Often termed as 419 Nigerian Scams, wherein the sender is the rich bearcat of from South Africa or any lost brother who owns a lot of money and would like to give it the victim. Another form of it is to lure the victim, saying u have won a $ 1 million lottery and would ask to deposit a sum of $ 1000 into an account to claim it.
Spear Phishing Cyber criminals target internet users after getting info about them and then will send an e-mail saying that your computer has been hacked. Then they will accuse the victim of having a child porn clip and will ask money or else will threat to inform the law enforcement agencies. Spam
Espionage or spying involves a government or individual obtaining ESPIONAGE information that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information using illegal exploitation methods on the Internet, networks or individual computers through the use of cracking techniques and malicious software including Trojan horses and spyware • The Indian government is strong arming cell phone manufacturers to provide back doors into their handsets. • The Indian government is in possession of confidential internal communications from the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission (USCC)
INDUSTRIAL CYBER-SABOTAGE Cyber-industrial sabotage activities usually relate to industrial secrets which have real commercial value to competitors. “Stuxnet has really been an eye-opener for our whole industry,” The use of cyber sabotage for criminal gain or industrial espionage remains unlikely, because of the massive expense involved.
E-COMMERCE CRIME 17 Million Online buyers • Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, refers to Rs. 31,598 cr. Turnover in 2010 the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Rs. 46,520 cr. Turnover Expected • E-Commerce includes. electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, 80% Share of Travel Industry electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. 47% Growth Expected Online Retail worth Rs. 7,000 cr. Credit Card frauds are the common ones, wherein either the credit card info is stolen by using Skimmers and then later used to illegally withdraw money from ATMs without the knowledge of the person or online transactions such as fund transfer or online buying with the net-banking credentials.
WATCH OUT…!! Cyber Espionage Privacy Social Networking Attacks Identity Theft Data Theft Scams / Frauds VoIP Hactivism
LEGALLY SPEAKING • Information Technology Act (IT Act) 2000, came into force on 17th October, 2000 • It has 94 Sections • The primary purpose of the Act is to provide legal recognition to electronic commerce and to facilitate filing of electronic records with the Government. The IT Act also penalizes various cyber crimes and provides strict punishments
SECTION Unauthorized access Section 43 • Access Piracy, Data theft • Downloads, Copies or extract Copying of sensitive info • Introduces Contaminant • Damages • Disrupts • Causes DOS • Assistance to illegal access • Changes the services availed • Destroys, Deletes, Alter or diminishes the value
SECTION Where a body corporate, possessing, dealing or handling any Section 43A sensitive personal data or information in a computer resource which it owns, controls or operates, is negligent in implementing and maintaining responsible security practices Compensation for failure to and procedures and thereby causes wrongful gain to any protect data person, such body corporate shall be liable to pay damages by the way of compensation to the person so affected.
SECTION Section 65 Computer Source code theft Section 66 Removal of Hacking from IT Act – Amendment Section 66A Sending Offensive, false messages, phishing, spoof mails, spams, threats Section 66B Buying of stolen computers Section 66C Identity theft such as, electronic signatures, passwords ID Tokens Section 66D Cheating by personation by using computer
SECTION Violation of privacy, captures, publishes or transmits the images of Section 66E private area of any person Section 66F Cyber Terrorism Section 67 Publishing or Transmitting of obscene material in electronic form Section 67A Publishing or Transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act in electronic form Section 67B Publishing or Transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act in electronic form Section 67C Prevention and retention of information by intermediaries
SECTION Section 68 Power of Controller to give directions Section 69 Directions of Controller to a subscriber to extend facilities to decrypt information. Section 69A Publishing or Transmitting of obscene material in electronic form Section 69B Power to authorize to monitor & collect traffic data or information through any computer resource of cyber security. Section 70 Any person who secures access or attempts to secure access to a protected system is to be punished Section 71 Misrepresentation or hiding any material fact
SECTION Section 72 Penalty for breach of confidentiality and privacy Section 72A Disclosure of information in breach of lawful contract Section 73 Penalty for publishing Digital Signature Certificate false in certain particulars. Section 74 Publication for fraudulent purpose of the digital signatures Section 79 Exemption of liability of the intermediary
“Indian Laws are well drafted and are capable of handling all kinds of challenges as posed by cyber criminals. However, the enforcement agencies are required to be well versed with the changing technologies and Laws.” • Cyber Criminals feel safe to commit crimes from the privacy of their homes. • There are more cyber criminals than cyber cops • Need to develop laws to combat latest technologies.
Organised cyber crimes exist in lots of countries, and a sophisticated underground economy has rapidly flourished those last years.
FINGERPRINT… Group of specialized professionals & Security Enthusiasts in Cyber Forensics, Investigation, Cyber Laws, Ethical Hacking www.fingerprintinvestigation.com
CYBER FORENSICS • Computer Forensics is identification, preservation, extraction, interpretation and presentation of computer related evidence • Computer Forensics, also called as “Cyber Forensics”, is the application of computer investigation and analysis technique together evidence suitable for presentation in a court of law.
CYBER INVESTIGATION • Cyber Crime Investigation is the collection, analysis and investigation of the digital evidence and cyber trails. • The evidence can be in any digital media, like computer, mobile phones, network devices, etc. • It should be taken care what to seize and how to seize the evidence from the crime scene.
AND THE FUTURE WILL BE… • Cyber Terrorism • Car Hacking • Mobile Money Frauds • Net Banking / Mobile Banking Frauds • Fraudsters online, beware before you return a missed call
CYBER TERRORISM: The premeditated use of disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, against computers and/or networks, with the intention to cause harm or further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives CAR HACKING: Stealing newer vehicles isn’t nearly as easy. However, tech-savvy thieves have some surprising ways of getting it done. In fact, a growing number of vehicles today can be unlocked and started by a mobile phone or via the Internet. They can be disabled the same way. All that’s required is some system data and a password. The seamstress can also duplicate the SIM cards when one calls back on the number, after which they reprogramme a separate handset with unique electronic serial number of the caller's mobile phone and make calls at the expense of the them. They also access financial transaction details conducted on their mobile phones. Mobile and net banking along with mobile money is on the rise and so do the fraudsters who can steal the info from mobiles and use it. And when the next time you access your bank thru mobile, your all money is gone..!!
IT MAKES GOVT. RESPONSIVE The GOVT. is seen Drastic change in recent times with the use of technology… • SLOW thereby reducing • BUREAUCRATIC • CORRUPT • Hassles Paper work • Corruption And has • Accelerated the speed of service • Scale of service
E-GOVT. • Income Tax • Municipalities • Land Records • Passport/VISA • Gram Panchayats • Road Transport (Rural) • Company Affairs • Property Registration • Police • Central Excise • Agriculture • Employment Exchange • Pensions • Online PAN card • E-Courts application • Online Railway Booking • Aadhar Card http://india.gov.in/govt/national_egov_plan_online.php
PREVENTIVE ACTION • More Public awareness campaigns about the cyber world • Training of police officers to effectively combat cyber crimes • More Cyber crime cells to be set up • Effective E-surveillance • Websites aid in creating awareness and encouraging reporting of cyber crime cases. • Specialized Training of forensic investigators and experts • Active coordination between police and other law enforcement agencies and authorities is required.
CONCLUSION • There is much less Hacking For Fun, and much more Hacking For Profit. Cybercrime has therefore become an enterprise with a thriving underground economy. • New cybercriminals don’t have to develop their own code… They can rent botnets and even purchase licensed malware that comes with its own tech support. • Effective implementation of Cyber Law. • Cyber crime is now developing and spreading faster than ever. • So welcome in the World Wild Web… And Happy Forensics..! :) HAPPY HUNTING…!!!

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Cyber crime

  • 1.
    CYBER CRIME Team Fingerprint
  • 2.
    AGENDA • Evolution • Why cyber crime • Cyber threat groups • Internet • Targets • Internet in India • Types of cyber crime(24) • 1 Minute internet • Future trends • Internet users(past, present, future) • Legal aspect • Cyber news • Prevention is better then cure • Abuse stats • FINGERPRINT • Defining cyber crime • Future crime • IT & Govt.
  • 3.
    Why learn aboutCYBER CRIME…!! Because… COMPUTERS are used EVERYWHERE..!! • Education (School/Colleges) • Electricity Supply • Travel (Airways/Railways Ticketing, • Trading Tracking and Monitoring) • Automobile Industry • Banking & Finance • Defense • Water Supply • Nuclear Plants • Govt. • Research (defense/medicine) • Industries/Businesses
  • 4.
    And the futurewill be… Tablets Smart Power Grids NFC Smartphones …Digitalization… AND many more reasons to follow…
  • 5.
    Connected to World ISP rest of the world Internet Local ISPs Network of Networks, consisting of Millions of Wi-Fi Networks, connected Wired DNS Servers Together - Wirelessly or Wired Mail Servers Client
  • 6.
    I n ter n e t i n I n d i a … ! ! 1995 VSNL introduces internet in India • Rediff.com launched 1996 • India’s first cyber café called “Cybercafé” • First online banking site 1997 • Naukri.com • Sify - India’s first ISP 1998 • First major hacking case • Launch of Nasscom
  • 7.
    2000 IT ACT 2000 passed by the Indian Parliament • First cyber crime related arrest 2001 • Indian Railways launches online ticketing • India’s first cyber crime police station 2004 Baazee CEO jailed for MMS scandal • 40 million net users (4% of the world) • 200,000 cyber cafes in country (accounting for 60% of net users) 2005 • 1000,000+ users do online share trading • half a million broadband connections • Rs. 570 Cr. E-commerce transactions in India • IRCTC online ticketing - 63% of E-commerce - Rs. 370 Cr.
  • 8.
  • 12.
    Internet Users… 9,18,46,075 Past…
  • 13.
    • 88 m – urban • 24 m – villages • Growth - 13% • 11 m users will be added to the tally before the end of the year • 58.6 m - PCs • 14.7 m Internet connections, • 11.9 m – broadband http://www.internetworldstats.com • 75% of the Internet users 8.4% Population being school- or college- 97% Internet Traffic by PC going kids and young men. …Present… http://thenextweb.com/in/2011/11/08/internet-users-exceed-100- million-in-india-mobile-net-usage-still-in-infancy/
  • 14.
    2015… Internet Traffic '237 mn Internet users http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-02/internet/28236274_1_internet-users-younger-indian-users-brici-users • 9 Times • 3 billion DVDs 1 billion – Networked Devices …Future
  • 15.
    The number ofInternet users is growing SO… CYBER CRIME is bound to RI SE …!!!
  • 16.
  • 17.
    Abuse Stats… CERT-IN Monthly Report Nov. 2011 CERT-IN Annual Report 2010 http://www.linkedin.com/news?viewArticle=&articleID=5580884251089305692&gid=3670693&type=member&item=98275556&articleURL=http %3A%2F%2Fcyber-crime- in-india.blogspot.in%2F2012%2F03%2Findia-tops-world-in-generating-spam.html&urlhash=LQrc&goback=.gde_3670693_member_98275556
  • 18.
    Victims Of CyberCrime 30 Million Victims • China • South Africa 34,110 cr / yr. Costs India • Mexico $ 388 billions globally • Brazil • INDIA Every second, 14 Adults, 1 million / day • Singapore Top 3 types • Malware • Virus attacks • Phishing / Scam
  • 19.
    Security Incidents handled10315 Indian Website Defacements tracked 14348 Open Proxy Servers tracked 2492 Bot Infected Systems tracked 6893814 CERT-IN Annual Report 2010 1,000 Cr – Data Theft(Phishing) 27 attacks / hr. to 25,000 / hr.
  • 20.
    "WE LIVE INA WORLD WHERE ALL INFORMATION IS IN DIGITAL FORM, SO MODERN-DAY SPIES NO LONGER NEED TO INFILTRATE A BUILDING TO STEAL INFORMATION"
  • 21.
    Unlawful acts whereinthe computer is either a TOOL , TARGET or BOTH
  • 22.
    Cyber attacks haveevolved: • They became more sophisticated • Power Hunger • They are often targeted • Illegitimate income sources • Towards crucial aspects • No TRACE… No FEAR to get caught • Unawareness & ignorance • Changing technology is Tempting is the inspiration • Vast Scope(car hacking) • Increasing stats adds to it • Industrial Espionage • Money Motive • Its Cool…!!
  • 23.
    Cyber threat groups Bot network Spyware Foreign Insiders Phishers spammers operators authors intelligence
  • 24.
    Crime against Targets Of Cyber Crime Government Crime against property Crime against persons
  • 25.
    Types Of CyberCrime • Financial Crimes • Data Diddling • Cyber Pornography • Salami Attacks • Sale Of Illegal Articles • Denial Of Service Attack • Online Gambling • Virus / Worm Attacks • Intellectual Property Crimes • Trojans And Keyloggers • Email Spoofing • Internet Time Theft • Forgery • Web Jacking • Cyber Defamation • Email Frauds • Cyber Stalking • Cyber Bullying • Web Defacement • Industrial Cyber-Sabotage • Email Bombing • E-commerce Crime • Espionage • Cybersquatting • Website Spoofing
  • 27.
    FINANCIAL CRIMES • Money is the most common motive behind all crime. • Increase in the use of internet and mobile banking, It Includes: • Phishing • Online share trading, • credit card frauds dematerialization of shares and • Money laundering securities, this trend is likely to • hacking into bank servers increase • accounting scams • Salami Attacks • E-Commerce Frauds
  • 28.
    FORGERY • Abdul Kareem Telgi, along with • Counterfeit currency notes, several others, was convicted in postage and revenue stamps, India on several counts of counterfeiting stamp papers and mark sheets, academic postage stamps totalling several certificates etc are made by billion rupees. criminals using sophisticated computers, printers and • Economic Offences Wing of Crime Branch, Mumbai scanners. (India), seized over 22,000 counterfeit share certificates of eight reputed companies worth Rs. 34.47 crores. These were allegedly prepared using Desk Top Publishing Systems.
  • 29.
    ONLINE GAMBLING • Thousands of websites that offer online gambling. The special issue with online gambling is that it is The website ladbrokes.com permits legalised in several countries. So users to gamble on a variety of sports legally the owners of these websites such as cricket, football, tennis, golf, are safe in their home countries. motor racing, ice hockey, basketball, baseball, darts, snooker, boxing, • The legal issues arise when a person athletics, rugby, volleyball, motor residing in a foreign country like India cycling, etc. (where such websites are illegal) gambles on such a website.
  • 30.
    DATA DIDDLING &SALAMI ATTACKS • Unauthorized & illegal data alteration • These changes can occur before and during data input or before output. • Data diddling cases have affected banks, payrolls, inventory records, credit records, school transcripts These attacks are used for committing financial crimes. Make the alteration so insignificant that in a single case it would go completely unnoticed. For instance, a bank employee inserts a program, into the bank’s servers, that deducts a small amount of money (say Rs.2 a month) from the account of every customer. No account holder will probably notice this unauthorized debit, but the bank employee will make a sizeable amount of money every month.
  • 31.
    CYBER PORNOGRAPHY • A school student from Delhi created • One of the largest businesses on the Internet www.amazing-gents.8m.net. today • The CEO of online auction website bazee.com (a part of the eBay group) was • Pornographic websites, arrested pornographic magazines produced using computers • The CEO of a software company in Pune was (to publish and print the material) and the Internet (to arrested for sending obscene emails to a download and transmit former female employee. pornographic pictures)
  • 32.
    SALE OF ILLEGALARTICLES • Sale of illegal articles such as narcotics drugs, weapons, wildlife etc. is being facilitated by • Police cracked down on an illegal rave the Internet. party and arrested hundreds of illegal drug users. The social networking site • Availability of the products for Orkut.com is believed to be one of the sale is being posted on auction modes of communication for gathering websites, bulletin boards etc. people for the illegal “drug” party. • A marketplace for the sale of unapproved drugs
  • 33.
    VIRUS / WORMATTACKS Computer viruses are small software programs that are Worms, unlike viruses do not need the host to designed to spread from one computer to another and attach themselves to. They merely make to interfere with computer operation. A virus might functional copies of themselves and do this corrupt or delete data on the victim’s computer, use the repeatedly till they eat up all the available victim’s e-mail program to spread itself to other space on a computer’s memory. computers Confiker worm Melissa virus ILOVEYOU virus Spread by attachments in e-mail messages or instant messaging messages, funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files, downloads on the Internet. They can be hidden in illicit software or other files or programs or games
  • 34.
    TROJANS AND KEYLOGGERS A Trojan, is an unauthorized program which functions from inside the computer, secretly, what seems to be an authorized program, thereby concealing what it is actually doing. young lady stayed in a small one bedroom apartment and her Keyloggers are used to log all the strokes a victim makes computer was located in one corner on the keyboard. of her bedroom. Unknown to her, Key-loggers are most commonly found in public computers the Trojan would activate her web such as those in cyber cafes, hotels etc. camera and microphone even when the Internet was switched off. A year later she realized that hundreds of her pictures were posted on pornographic sites around the world!
  • 35.
    INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CRIMES • A computer user in China obtained the source code of • These include software piracy, a popular game - LineageII from an unprotected copyright infringement, website & then sold to several people thru a website, trademarks violations, theft of www.l2extreme.com. The loss in potential revenues for the South Korean computer source code etc. company was estimated at $750,000 a month. • A software professional stealing the source code of a product being developed by his employers. He started his own company and allegedly used the stolen source code to launch a new software product.
  • 36.
    EMAIL BOMBING Email bombingrefers to sending a large number of emails to the victim resulting in the victim’s email account or mail servers crashing. Email bombing is a type of denial-of-service attack. A British teenager bombed his former employer with 5 million e-mail messages to his ex-employer that caused the company's e-mail server to crash. A foreigner who had been residing in Shimla, India for almost 30 years wanted to avail of a scheme introduced by the Shimla Housing Board to buy land at lower rates. When he made an application it was rejected on the grounds that the scheme was available only for citizens of India. He decided to take his revenge. Consequently, he sent thousands of mails to the Shimla Housing Board and repeatedly kept sending e-mails till their servers crashed.
  • 37.
    CYBER DEFAMATION • This occurs when defamation takes place with the help of computers and / or the Internet. • Abhishek, a teenaged student was arrested by the Thane police in India following a girl’s complaint about tarnishing her image in the social networking • e.g. Sameer publishes defamatory site Orkut. Abhishek had allegedly created a fake matter about Pooja on a website or account in the name of the girl with her mobile sends e-mails containing number posted on the profile. defamatory information to Pooja’s • Unidentified persons posted obscene photographs friends. and contact details of a Delhi school girl.
  • 38.
    CYBER STALKING A 50-year-old former security guard who used • Cyber stalking refers to the use of the Internet to solicit the rape of a woman who rejected his romantic advances. the Internet, e-mail, or other He terrorized the 28-year-old victim by electronic communications devices impersonating her in various Internet chat to stalk another person rooms and online bulletin boards, where he • Stalking generally involves posted, along with her telephone number and address, messages that she fantasized harassing or threatening about being raped. behaviour The first case in India was of Manish Kathuria, Who chatted online with the identity of Ritu Kohli’s Identity. He used obscene language and invited people to chat with her on phone.
  • 39.
    CYBERSQUATTING "squatting",which is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or building that the squatter does not own, rent, or otherwise have permission to use Cybersquatting (also known as domain squatting), is registering, trafficking in, or using a domain name with bad faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else. The cybersquatter then offers to sell the domain to the person or company who owns a trademark contained within the name at an inflated price. www.google.com www.gooogle.com Cybersquatters sometimes register variants of popular trademarked names, a practice known as typosquatting
  • 40.
    CYBER BULLYING • Bullying is a form of aggressive behaviour manifested by the use of force or coercion to affect others, particularly when the behaviour is habitual and involves an imbalance of power. • It can include verbal harassment, physical assault or coercion and may be directed repeatedly towards particular victims, perhaps on grounds of race, religion, gender, sexuality, or ability • Cyber-bullying is any bullying done through the use of technology. • This form of bullying can easily go undetected because of lack of parental / authoritative supervision. • Because bullies can pose as someone else, it is the most anonymous form of bullying. • Cyber bullying includes, but is not limited to, abuse using email, instant messaging, text messaging, websites, social networking sites, etc
  • 41.
    WEB DEFACEMENT • Website defacement is usually the substitution of the original home page of a website with another page (usually pornographic or defamatory in nature) by a hacker. • Religious and government sites are regularly targeted by hackers in order to display political or religious beliefs. Disturbing images and offensive phrases might be displayed in the process In 2001, over 200 Indian websites Mahesh Mhatre and Anand Khare allegedly defaced the website of were hacked into and defaced. The the Mumbai Cyber Crime Cell. They had used password hackers put in words like bugz, cracking software to crack the FTP password for the police website. death symbol, Paki-king and allahhuakbar.
  • 42.
    WEB JACKING How does web jacking take place? 1. The administrator of any website has a password and a username • Just as conventional hijacking, means 2. There are many ways in which a hacker may get to know a forcefully taking over control of a password, the most common being password cracking wherein a website. “cracking software” is used to guess a password. • The motive is usually the same as 3. When the password of the website is cracked the password is hijacking – ransom. changes and then the admin is contacted for the ransom. • The perpetrators have either a monetary or political purpose which they try to satiate by holding the owners of the The owner of a hobby website for children received an e-mail informing her that a group of hackers had gained control over her website to ransom. website. They demanded a ransom of 1 million dollars from her. • This occurs when someone forcefully takes control of a website (by cracking the password and later changing it). The actual owner of the website does not have any more control over what appears on that website.
  • 43.
    WEBSITE SPOOFING Websitespoofing is the act of creating a website, as a hoax, with the intention of misleading readers that the website has been created by Another technique is to use a 'cloaked' URL. a different person or organisation. Normally, the spoof website will adopt the design of the target website and sometimes has a similar URL. The objective may be fraudulent, often associated with phishing or e-mail spoofing, or to criticize or make fun of the person or body whose website the spoofed site purports to represent As an example of the use of this technique to parody an organisation, in November 2006 two spoof websites, www.msfirefox.com and www.msfirefox.net, were produced claiming that Microsoft had bought Firefox and released Microsoft Firefox 2007.
  • 44.
    DENIAL OF SERVICEATTACK(DOS) • Denial of Service attacks (DOS attacks) involve flooding a computer with more requests than it can handle. • This causes the computer (e.g. a web server) to crash and results in authorized users being unable to access the service offered by the computer. • Another variation to a typical denial of service attack is known as a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack wherein the perpetrators are many and are geographically widespread
  • 45.
    INTERNET TIME THEFT Thisconnotes the usage by an unauthorized person of the Internet hours paid for by another person In May 2000, the Delhi police arrested an engineer who had misused the login name and password of a customer whose Internet connection he had set up. The case was filed under the Indian Penal Code and the Indian Telegraph Act.
  • 46.
    EMAIL SPOOFING • A spoofed email is one that • A teenager made millions of dollars by appears to originate from spreading false information about certain companies whose shares he had short sold. one source but actually has This misinformation was spread by sending been sent from another spoofed emails source • Fake Mail… • In a branch of the erstwhile Global Trust Bank in India numerous customers decided to withdraw all their money and close their accounts. An investigation revealed that someone had sent out spoofed emails to many of the bank’s customers stating that the bank was in very bad shape financially and could close operations at any time. The spoofed email appeared to have originated from the bank itself.
  • 47.
    EMAIL FRAUDS Dear Mr.Justin Williams, I'm Vikas Manjit Singh from Punjab (India). I belong to a city named Ludhiana. Mr. Williams, I am having a brother in Canada who is also named Justin Williams. He was adopted from my parents by some Mr. William Ram of Welland. Me and my mum came over to Canada to leave Justin to his new family (William Ram's Family). It happened in June 1985. So Mr. Justin Williams, if you are the same person I'm talking about. Then please give me some time so that I can let you know the realities. Phishing • A Phishing e-mail is the one that lure the victim to read the mail and often click on the link provided with it so that the victim can be dragged onto a legitimate looking like website that can ask for either his bank credentials or mail account credentials in a very convincing way. • Often termed as 419 Nigerian Scams, wherein the sender is the rich bearcat of from South Africa or any lost brother who owns a lot of money and would like to give it the victim. Another form of it is to lure the victim, saying u have won a $ 1 million lottery and would ask to deposit a sum of $ 1000 into an account to claim it.
  • 48.
    Spear Phishing Cyber criminalstarget internet users after getting info about them and then will send an e-mail saying that your computer has been hacked. Then they will accuse the victim of having a child porn clip and will ask money or else will threat to inform the law enforcement agencies. Spam
  • 49.
    Espionage or spyinginvolves a government or individual obtaining ESPIONAGE information that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information using illegal exploitation methods on the Internet, networks or individual computers through the use of cracking techniques and malicious software including Trojan horses and spyware • The Indian government is strong arming cell phone manufacturers to provide back doors into their handsets. • The Indian government is in possession of confidential internal communications from the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission (USCC)
  • 50.
    INDUSTRIAL CYBER-SABOTAGE Cyber-industrial sabotageactivities usually relate to industrial secrets which have real commercial value to competitors. “Stuxnet has really been an eye-opener for our whole industry,” The use of cyber sabotage for criminal gain or industrial espionage remains unlikely, because of the massive expense involved.
  • 51.
    E-COMMERCE CRIME 17 Million Online buyers • Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, refers to Rs. 31,598 cr. Turnover in 2010 the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Rs. 46,520 cr. Turnover Expected • E-Commerce includes. electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, 80% Share of Travel Industry electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. 47% Growth Expected Online Retail worth Rs. 7,000 cr. Credit Card frauds are the common ones, wherein either the credit card info is stolen by using Skimmers and then later used to illegally withdraw money from ATMs without the knowledge of the person or online transactions such as fund transfer or online buying with the net-banking credentials.
  • 52.
    WATCH OUT…!! Cyber Espionage Privacy Social Networking Attacks Identity Theft Data Theft Scams / Frauds VoIP Hactivism
  • 53.
    LEGALLY SPEAKING • InformationTechnology Act (IT Act) 2000, came into force on 17th October, 2000 • It has 94 Sections • The primary purpose of the Act is to provide legal recognition to electronic commerce and to facilitate filing of electronic records with the Government. The IT Act also penalizes various cyber crimes and provides strict punishments
  • 54.
    SECTION Unauthorized access Section 43 • Access Piracy, Data theft • Downloads, Copies or extract Copying of sensitive info • Introduces Contaminant • Damages • Disrupts • Causes DOS • Assistance to illegal access • Changes the services availed • Destroys, Deletes, Alter or diminishes the value
  • 55.
    SECTION Where a body corporate, possessing, dealing or handling any Section 43A sensitive personal data or information in a computer resource which it owns, controls or operates, is negligent in implementing and maintaining responsible security practices Compensation for failure to and procedures and thereby causes wrongful gain to any protect data person, such body corporate shall be liable to pay damages by the way of compensation to the person so affected.
  • 56.
    SECTION Section 65 Computer Source code theft Section 66 Removal of Hacking from IT Act – Amendment Section 66A Sending Offensive, false messages, phishing, spoof mails, spams, threats Section 66B Buying of stolen computers Section 66C Identity theft such as, electronic signatures, passwords ID Tokens Section 66D Cheating by personation by using computer
  • 57.
    SECTION Violation of privacy, captures, publishes or transmits the images of Section 66E private area of any person Section 66F Cyber Terrorism Section 67 Publishing or Transmitting of obscene material in electronic form Section 67A Publishing or Transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act in electronic form Section 67B Publishing or Transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act in electronic form Section 67C Prevention and retention of information by intermediaries
  • 58.
    SECTION Section 68 Power of Controller to give directions Section 69 Directions of Controller to a subscriber to extend facilities to decrypt information. Section 69A Publishing or Transmitting of obscene material in electronic form Section 69B Power to authorize to monitor & collect traffic data or information through any computer resource of cyber security. Section 70 Any person who secures access or attempts to secure access to a protected system is to be punished Section 71 Misrepresentation or hiding any material fact
  • 59.
    SECTION Section 72 Penalty for breach of confidentiality and privacy Section 72A Disclosure of information in breach of lawful contract Section 73 Penalty for publishing Digital Signature Certificate false in certain particulars. Section 74 Publication for fraudulent purpose of the digital signatures Section 79 Exemption of liability of the intermediary
  • 60.
    “Indian Laws arewell drafted and are capable of handling all kinds of challenges as posed by cyber criminals. However, the enforcement agencies are required to be well versed with the changing technologies and Laws.” • Cyber Criminals feel safe to commit crimes from the privacy of their homes. • There are more cyber criminals than cyber cops • Need to develop laws to combat latest technologies.
  • 61.
    Organised cyber crimesexist in lots of countries, and a sophisticated underground economy has rapidly flourished those last years.
  • 62.
    FINGERPRINT… Group of specialized professionals & Security Enthusiasts in Cyber Forensics, Investigation, Cyber Laws, Ethical Hacking www.fingerprintinvestigation.com
  • 63.
    CYBER FORENSICS • ComputerForensics is identification, preservation, extraction, interpretation and presentation of computer related evidence • Computer Forensics, also called as “Cyber Forensics”, is the application of computer investigation and analysis technique together evidence suitable for presentation in a court of law.
  • 64.
    CYBER INVESTIGATION • CyberCrime Investigation is the collection, analysis and investigation of the digital evidence and cyber trails. • The evidence can be in any digital media, like computer, mobile phones, network devices, etc. • It should be taken care what to seize and how to seize the evidence from the crime scene.
  • 65.
    AND THE FUTUREWILL BE… • Cyber Terrorism • Car Hacking • Mobile Money Frauds • Net Banking / Mobile Banking Frauds • Fraudsters online, beware before you return a missed call
  • 66.
    CYBER TERRORISM: The premeditated use of disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, against computers and/or networks, with the intention to cause harm or further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives CAR HACKING: Stealing newer vehicles isn’t nearly as easy. However, tech-savvy thieves have some surprising ways of getting it done. In fact, a growing number of vehicles today can be unlocked and started by a mobile phone or via the Internet. They can be disabled the same way. All that’s required is some system data and a password. The seamstress can also duplicate the SIM cards when one calls back on the number, after which they reprogramme a separate handset with unique electronic serial number of the caller's mobile phone and make calls at the expense of the them. They also access financial transaction details conducted on their mobile phones. Mobile and net banking along with mobile money is on the rise and so do the fraudsters who can steal the info from mobiles and use it. And when the next time you access your bank thru mobile, your all money is gone..!!
  • 67.
    IT MAKES GOVT.RESPONSIVE The GOVT. is seen Drastic change in recent times with the use of technology… • SLOW thereby reducing • BUREAUCRATIC • CORRUPT • Hassles Paper work • Corruption And has • Accelerated the speed of service • Scale of service
  • 68.
    E-GOVT. • Income Tax • Municipalities • Land Records • Passport/VISA • Gram Panchayats • Road Transport (Rural) • Company Affairs • Property Registration • Police • Central Excise • Agriculture • Employment Exchange • Pensions • Online PAN card • E-Courts application • Online Railway Booking • Aadhar Card http://india.gov.in/govt/national_egov_plan_online.php
  • 69.
    PREVENTIVE ACTION •More Public awareness campaigns about the cyber world • Training of police officers to effectively combat cyber crimes • More Cyber crime cells to be set up • Effective E-surveillance • Websites aid in creating awareness and encouraging reporting of cyber crime cases. • Specialized Training of forensic investigators and experts • Active coordination between police and other law enforcement agencies and authorities is required.
  • 70.
    CONCLUSION •There is much less Hacking For Fun, and much more Hacking For Profit. Cybercrime has therefore become an enterprise with a thriving underground economy. • New cybercriminals don’t have to develop their own code… They can rent botnets and even purchase licensed malware that comes with its own tech support. • Effective implementation of Cyber Law. • Cyber crime is now developing and spreading faster than ever. • So welcome in the World Wild Web… And Happy Forensics..! :) HAPPY HUNTING…!!!